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The growing population puts municipalities under pressure in managing waste The challenging task is to protect the environment and natural resources through waste management programs. If the sources are dumped in the landfill without sending it for treatment, the life span of dumping yard will not sustain. Hence a careful planning is required in carrying out these activities to accomplish this in a optimal way.

In recent years, the food industries experts have drawn their attention toward using high frequency ultrasound waves in producing processes. The main part of these equipments is the ultrasonic probe which called sonotrode. The performance of ultrasonic equipments depends on properly design of sonotrode shape. In this study, four methods were used to design the ultrasonic probes for use in food and chemical industries. Two types of probes, namely, step type and cylindrical type were considered and the related calculations for the both types of probes were performed based on the four design methods. For both of the cylindrical and step type probes, the length of the designed probe was equal to half of the ultrasonic wavelength. Modal analysis of the models were determined by the numerical simulation using finite element method (FEM) design procedures. The results showed that although the probe material does not affect vibration amplitude, it can affect stress distribution along the probe. In the cylindrical type probe, the maximum stress raised in the middle part of probe, whilst in the step type probe, regardless of design probe, the maximum stress was occurred in the surface variation location. Based on the results, to design a probe, it should be noted that the maximum created stress in the probe must not exceed the yield stress of the selected material.

The Loneliness scale was developed with the objective of testing the level of loneliness of adolescents. For construction of the scale, literature on loneliness was surveyed and scanned. This scale is meant for Indian adolescents ranging between the age group of 14 to 18 years and studying in the classes IX to XII. Present loneliness scale is a 5-point self-rating scale. Every item is in the question form. Five response categories are provided for responding to every question. The scale has undergone all the steps of construction and standardization including initial and final try out and hence can be used to assess loneliness among adolescents.

In the recent era, the extensive and rapid growth in internet technology is creating a important need to develop several newer techniques to protect authentication, ownership, copyright and content integrity of digital data. A proposed solution to this kind of problem is to digital watermarking. Digital watermarking has viable technique to the need of authentication, ownership, copyright and content integrity of digital data. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) are two most popular tools used in watermarking algorithm to protect digital image. Aim of this paper is to provide robust technique based on combined DWT and DCT propose a new watermarking algorithm for digital image. Discrete wavelet transform is used to provide robustness and discrete cosine transform has shorter elapsed time, taking advantages of both this technique proposed a new digital image watermarking algorithm. Results show that this algorithm combines the advantages of these two transforms.

We are very happy to announce that from 18th October 2018, Dr. Ajit Dnyandeo Suryawanshi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Physics. Dr. Ajit Dnyandeo Suryawanshi is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Hon. B. J. College, Ale Ta. Junnar Dist. Pune, Maharashtra, India. The appointment of Dr. Ajit Dnyandeo Suryawanshi as member, Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 14th April 2018, Dr. Ayman Shehata Mohammed Ahmed Osman El-Shazly has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mathematics. Dr. Ayman Shehata Mohammed Ahmed Osman El-Shazly working as Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt. The appointment of Dr. Ayman Shehata Mohammed Ahmed Osman El-Shazly as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 9th June 2018, Dr. Hasan Köten has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mechanical Engineering. Dr. Hasan Köten working as Head, Mechanical Engineering Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Turkey. The appointment of Dr. Hasan Köten as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

Leadership is the ability through which people follow a leader at their own will. Leaders do not exert any influence upon others; instead they give a vision and have a clear picture and prerequisite skills of how to achieve it. Educational leadership is the process of directing the potentialities and energies of teachers, students, parents and all the stakeholders towards the achievement of shared educational goals. It has become evident through researches that leadership is that ability which is genderless. Comparative studies related to gender in school administration has proved that under female leadership the performance level and learning achievement of students was higher. The prime responsibility of educational leaders is to convert teaching institutions into learning institutions. The gender differences in leadership styles are observable but it is not proved that men are better leaders as compared to women. Both of them can excel in effective educational leadership if they show the prerequisite qualities.

In the present study fourty five years instrumental record (1970-2015) of four meteorological stations (Srinagar, Pahalgam, Qazigund and Gulmarg) located in different physiographic divisions in the valley of Kashmir was analysed.GCM data was also employed to project future temperature and rainfall of the Kashmir valley upto 21st century. It was observed that temperature shows an increasing trend at all the four stations while as precipitation shows a decreasing trend over the coming century.

This study was performed to evaluation of inoculated sulfur with Thiobacillus sp on some growth traits of marigold under salinity condition. Experimental design was split split plot with 3 replications. First factor was sulfur (200 and 400 kg/ha) also second and third factor included bacteria (inoculated and no inoculated) and salinity stress (0, 15, 35 and 55 mm/L), respectively. After the experiment, some morphological characters and morphological of marigold were evaluated such as height, yield of fresh and dried flowers, number of flowers per plant, grain yield, petals, seed weight. Totally, result showed that 400kg/ha had best effect on studied characteristics, It was also found that with increased stress levels from 0 to 16 dS, the height, fresh yield of flowers, yield of flower dry weight, number of flowers per plant, grain yield, petals and seed weight, showed 45, 65, 64, 20, 78, 17 and 39 percent of reduction, respectively. On the other hand, it was determined that the use of bacteria and sulfur can reduce the effects of stress.