Archives-j  

Game Theory may be applied in situations in which a Decision Maker (DM) must take into account the reasoning of other Decision Makers. It has proved to be an enormously fruitful approach to the analysis of a wide range of problems. Any situation in which rivals make strategic choices, to which competitors will respond, can be assessed using game theory analysis. An Oligopoly is a market dominated by a few large suppliers. The degree of market concentration is very high (i.e. a large % of the market is taken up by the leading firms). Firms within an oligopoly produce branded products (advertising and marketing is an important feature of competition within such markets) and there are also barriers to entry. Another important characteristic of an oligopoly is interdependence between firms. This means that each firm must take into account the likely reactions of other firms in the market when making pricing and investment decisions. This creates uncertainty in such markets - which we seek to model through the use of game theory. The purpose of this paper is to develop a purely mathematical approach to determine a Payoff for oligopoly market. The model developed allows the researcher to derive Payoff Matrix in an oligopoly market using only assumption about each firm.

Si-based resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITD) with spacer thicknesses varying from 2.5 to 25 nm was grown and fabricated at Baghdad University. The effect of spacer thickness on the peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR), peak current density (JP), and voltage swing (VS) was studied for determining the static or dynamic read access memory (SRAM, DRAM). By increasing the tunneling spacer thickness up to 12 nm, RITDs with VS are reduced below 0.3V; this is suitable for low-power tunnel diode SRAM applications. The JP increased as the spacer thickness increased from 2.5nm to 5nm. As the spacer thickness increased above 5nm, the Jp decreased. Using a low-current-density in this paper, a bread-boarded one-transistor tunneling-based SRAM (TSRAM) memory cell with low standby power consumption was demonstrated, where the standby power of this 1T TSRAM is estimated to be 65nW/cell using the 10-?m diameter RITDs. The result demonstrates the potential of Si-based tunnel diodes for low-power memory applications.

The infectious disease pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the non-infectious disease diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes major health problem in the society. Many research studies acknowledging the negative health impacts of DM on patients with PTB. In this study 500 PTB patients with DM had been subjected to screen for anemia. Hb % had been studied to evaluate their anemic status. The study results had been strongly proving about…% of the PTB patients were found to be affected by anemia. From this study results, it has been concluded that the patients with DM and PTB had been documented with mild to severe type of anemia . These patients require special care to treat anemia which in turn helps in the management of PTB and DM.

Depression is a serious mental disease that affects both young and old people in the society. Depressed people harbor negative thoughts, and this makes them perceive life issues negatively. Depression is common among university students and despite the methods provided for its intervention, the prevalence of depression among university students remain higher than in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the current prevalence of depression among engineering students at the University of Nairobi and at the Technical University of Kenya. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted, where two Kenyan public universities were conveniently sampled. Engineering students from the University of Nairobi and those from The Technical University of Kenya who were studying undergraduate degree in any engineering courses were sampled for the study. The study data was collected using questionnaires and the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The prevalence of depression was determined through proportions obtained from the data from the BDI in the two different universities. The findings indicated that 66.4% of the respondents from University of Nairobi had no depression, 16.9% registered moderate depression levels, 15.5% had mild depression, while 1.2% of the respondents exhibited severe depression. Further, results revealed that 67.1% of the respondents from Technical University of Kenya exhibited had no depression, 16.9% registered mild depression levels, 14.8% had moderate depression, while 1.2% of the respondents exhibited severe depression. The study concluded that about a third of the students studying engineering degree courses at the University of Nairobi and at the Technical University of Kenya are currently going through different levels of depression ranging from mild, moderate and severe depression. The implication of the findings is that depression is a serious concern among university students and therefore should not be ignored.

Trauma can have long-term effects on the survivors’ mental health. In addition, levels of mental disorders reported among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and refugees globally vary considerably. The disputed 2007 presidential election in Kenya eventually resulted in violence. The survivors were left with heavy psychosocial and economic burdens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of depression at baseline among IDPs resident in Maai Mahiu camp after the 2007/8 Post Election Violence (PEV) in Kenya. This study was pretest-posttest quasi-experimental and used purposive sampling to select a sample of 139 respondents out of the target population of 196 households. The respondents gave informed consent and filled out socio-demographic and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-11) questionnaires. Analysis was conducted using SPSS, whereby univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical tests were done. The findings indicated a high prevalence of Depressive Disorder (DD) at 63.3% among the respondents. These findings are significant for clinical practice and could be used to update strategies and policies governing IDP’s health. Therefore, the study recommended that psychosocial interventions should be provided to the PEV survivors and other vulnerable populations in Kenya to avert their suffering.

The need of social gerontological studies is increasing due to rapid changes in life styles especially in urban area. With increasing facilities available in urban environment, the aged people can live without much support of other family members to certain extent. But after certain age and after some period of isolation, they feel dejected and this feeling of dejection leads to many physiological and psychological problems. While economically well to do aged ones are not having economic problems but they have other problems common to poorer people. A survey of the aged persons in Hubli-Dharwad Corporation Area including samples across different religious and economic groups is proposed to be undertaken. The proposed study will follow questionnaire method. It has been observed that the aged males feel more insecure about their future than the female counterparts, especially in getting help from children in their day-to-day life. There appears to be sex-wise difference in the economic impact, as females do not face much of problems as do the males. The married ones face less age related problems than the single ones. The role of family relations in solving the age-related problems has been discussed.

Pseudo-Ludwig's phenomenon, a rare clinical entity, is characterized by non-infectious upper airway obstruction resulting from spontaneous hematoma in the sublingual area. We describe a case of pseudo-Ludwig's phenomenon in patient on anticoagulants with deranged coagulation profile.

Min-li Yu [1] gives the necessary and sufficient conditions on path factorization of complete multipartite graphs and earlier for path factorization of complete bipartite graph Kazuhiko Ushio [2] gave the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the P_k-design when k is odd. However, for the odd value of k the path factorization problem of complete bipartite graphs i.e. P_k-factorization of complete bipartite graphs, have been studied by many number researchers[3,4,5,6,7]. For any positive integer p, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the P_2p-factorization of a complete bipartite graph were studied by Hong Wang[8]. Beiliang Du [9] extended the work of Hong Wang [8] and gave the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of P_2k-factorization of the complete bipartite multigraphs. In path factorization of complete bipartite symmetric digraphs B. Du [10] already discussed the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of P ?_3-factorization of complete bipartite symmetric digraphs. Here in this paper, we will discuss necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of P ?_2k- factorization of complete bipartite symmetric digraphs, and also in this paper, we construct the P ?_2k- factorization of complete bipartite symmetric digraphs K_(m,n)^*.

The study provides a conceptual overview of the quality assurance models as a tool for higher education and presents a set of performance indicators for its assessment in case of Pakistan. It is interesting to note that different models are in use in different countries to ensure a provision of quality education in their Higher Education Institutes (HEIs). In Pakistan, Higher Education Commission (HEC) is also following a set of different models for the uplift of the higher education. However review reveals that performance funding and budgeting model is more effective as compare to its counterparts as it encourages universities to increase output to get performance-based funding because it constitutes 15% of total recurring grant provided by the HEC to the HEIs. However, the model can be improved by reshuffling the composition of the recurring grant. The share of performance based funding should be increased from 15% and share of base grant may be decreased from 65% to create space. Furthermore the study suggest that much more is required to enhance quality of education in HEIs in Pakistan for which HEC has to take drastic measures to modify and improve the quality assessment model keeping in view the socio-cultural environment of Pakistan.

The purpose of this paper is to utilize several classes of bivariate distributions whose conditionals belong to the two and three parameter lognormal distribution, and to some of their extensions. In this paper, the most general bivariate distribution with lognormal conditionals is fully characterized. The new distribution is very general, and contains as a particular case the classical bivariate lognormal distribution. We present quantum chemical computational method based on the conditional specification. In the application part, we have found the values for salivary cortisol of shy and non-shy adults by using the lognormal distribution and the corresponding mathematical figures are obtained in section 3. From these curves, computational results have been analysed and compared with medical conclusion.