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Oral ulcers are highly common lesions in the population. They are painful and annoying, although most of them would be healed with no significant consequence. It is important to recognize these lesions on time and do the right sorts of treatment because of the risk of cancers or some other critical diseases. Understanding this fact that the first contact for most of patients is usually with a general medical practitioner, we decided to evaluate general practitioners’ knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding oral ulcerative lesions. This study was a cross-sectional, self-administered, questionnaire survey which was done among 65 general practitioners in Isfahan, Iran. The questionnaire evaluated the knowledge, attitude and behavior of general practitioners regarding oral ulcerative lesions. Chi-square test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and t-test served for statistical analysis done by SPSS20 software. The physicians’ knowledge score was almost low, especially clinical knowledge (mean score = 33.4%, SD: 15.3). The majority of general practitioners (89.2%) reported that they are more knowledgeable in this field and almost 70% of them showed a willingness to participate in further educational programs about oral lesions. There was a significant relationship between the attitude and age (p= 0.001) and duration of practice (p = 0.002). But there was no significant relationship between the numbers of examined patients. General practitioners’ behavior scores regarding oral lesions were rather low. A significant relationship between the behavior and age (r=0.271, p= 0.03) and duration of practice was observed. Lack of knowledge of General practitioners’ and poor performance about oral lesions besides their willingness to get higher education in this field, revealed a great need for planning to include appropriate additional courses to the curriculum of the medical graduates

Since the beginning of human creation, culture, publishing and promoting the divine religions and prophets of the most important functions and convey Islam with the seal of the Prophet Muhammad (p.) as the most complete only religion acceptable to God(Al-Imran verse 65), Revealed teachings, orders of worship and happiness humanity was completed. Since all the teachings of Islam, rooted in compassion and kindness of God and have fun and the interpretation of Ali (AS) which states: (Feizol-Islam, 2004p. 313). This religion is based on love and columns. In this article are intended to explain the importance of Promote Islam, How to use special tools to Promote the love of Jesus in order to increase productivity and promotional activities, we examined the effectiveness of missionaries and Clergymen.

Digitisation had a profound effect on creation, reproduction and dissemination of works protected by copyright. Works in digital format are vulnerable to infringement, and technological protection measures are accordingly applied as protection. Technological protection measures can, however, easily be circumvented and additional legal protection against circumvention was needed. In response, law makers at both the international and national level have enacted legal provisions aimed at banning the act of circumvention of technological protection measures on the one hand and the production and dissemination of circumvention tools on the other hand. Prominent examples of such legislation, among others, are the WIPO Internet Treaties, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and the European Information Society Directive. The recently enacted 2012 Amendments have harmonized the Indian Copyright law with WIPO Internet Treaties with respect to legal protection of technological protection measures. Against this background, this article attempts to critical analyse the existing legal framework for protection of technological measures at national and international levels. It also stresses the need for international harmonisation of copyright law for its efficient enforcement in digital environment.

Projects are defined as complex tasks, based on challenging questions or problems, that involve learners in design, problem-solving, decision making, or investigative activities; give learners the opportunity to work relatively autonomously over extended periods of time; and culminate in realistic products or presentations. Within a project-based approach, learners are usually provided with specifications for a desired end product, and the learning process is more oriented to following correct procedures. Teachers act as instructors or coaches, providing expert guidance, feedback and suggestions for better ways to achieve the final product. Past studies have shown the benefits of PBL which include intrinsically motivating learners to learn, fostering problem-solving, and developing independent and cooperative working skills. It is also believed that project based instruction allows learners to develop critical thinking and decision making skills and engage in in-depth learning of subject matter. This paper discusses the importance of Grant’s structures in a project as an Invention Project was assigned to each group of learners. The results, based on the Grant structure, have indicated that learners showed a significant improvement in the areas highlighted in the project-based activity. It is thus, a worthy action to be implemented in teaching and learning processes.

In this paper civil liability which is caused by traffic accident is studied in the view of Iranian law especially in Islamic penal law, civil liability law and compulsory insurance for vehicle owners. In this study it can be seen that Iranian law maker in Islamic penal law obey from fault theory and in compulsory insurance law they use risk theory for vehicle owners.

Table of contents for the month of October 2017

Landfilling affects soil macro-fauna, which are important in soil fertility. The effects of landfilling practices on macro-faunal abundance and diversity at Aba-Eku landfill, Ibadan, Nigeria were investigated. Dumpsite and control soils were sampled bimonthly from April-August, 2010. Macro-fauna were extracted via Tullgren funnel and classified accordingly. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson’s dominance were used for analysis. 928 macro-fauna; (605: dumpsite; 323: control) in three phyla: mollusca, arthropoda and annelida were observed. On the dumpsite, this comprised ten orders; with molluscan order Stylommatophora (51.7%) dominating vegetated portions of the dumpsite. The remainder were arthropod orders; including isoptera (14.7%), isopoda (8.1%) and coleoptera (7.9%). Thirteen families including Porcellionidae (8.1%) were also observed. Some organisms observed on the dump site included Porcellio scaber (8.1%) and Aspavia armigera (2%). Arthropods (77.1%) dominated the control. Ten orders including coleoptera (21.98%) and isoptera (19.2%) were observed. This comprised ten families including the Iulidae (15.2%). The dumpsite (2.174) showed a higher diversity than control (1.645); while the control had higher dominance (0.84) than the dumpsite (0.593). Molluscsan dominance suggests tolerance to heavy metal contamination from metal wastes disposed. Coleopteran dominance on the control may be associated with the presence of the grasses - Tridax procumbens and Panicum maximum.

New heterogeneous and catalytic systems were obtained and their activities were further studied to ensure process of a demercaptanization (mercaptan removal) of oil and oil products. Kinetic regularities of a process were researched. The kinetic model and the mechanism of a demercaptanization of an ethyl mercaptan as a model reaction with participation of organic ligand catalyst deposited on clinoptilolite So-Fe, Mn-Fe is suggested by this study.

In a wireless network, one of the major problem is optimization. Optimization problem is finding the best path from all possible paths. This paper proposes a new architecture called Mixed Layer Design to avoid this problem. Even after providing faster transmission of data we are still facing a problem called throughput in wireless network. This problem is due to the interference of wireless signals. In a wireless network, the signal sent by a terminal will be received by all its neighbouring nodes. If a neighbour (except the destinations) is receiving data from some other terminals at the same time, the signals will collide, and the useful signal will be destroyed, which may result in transmission failure. To solve this problem we are proposing Mixed Signals to avoid the collision of signals. We show that intelligently mixing signals and layers increases network throughput and transmission time.

Over population created sudden rise in energy demand, as a result of which the depletion of fossil fuels has started. In aspect to meet the energy crisis renewable energies in all forms are available in abundance on the earth. Modern era paved a way for the Plant Biomass to satisfy the needs. Major out- come of this project is “Production of Green Energies through Physico-chemical process, biological fermentation process and thermo-chemical process which results in obtaining liquid, gaseous and solid fuel. This project emphasize on the scrubbing of the pollutants like CO2, Soot particles emitted during combustion of fossil fuels and green fuels using the Activated Carbon which is obtained as a by-product of the end process. In this project a scrubber is designed; fabricated and it is filled with the catalyzed activated carbon in different proportions. Carbon adsorbing capacity is tested. The result of the project is plotted as graph and discussed. The efficiency of scrubber over various gas parameters was estimated. This enhances net Carbon emission and Carbon footprint maintenance by waste harvesting and energy conversion process for sustainable future.