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The present study is an attempt to explore the effect of concept mapping, as a learning strategy, on the receptive and productive knowledge of lexical collocations of Iranian high school EFL learners. It also explores whether teaching lexical collocations through concept mapping will be effective in terms of retention of lexical collocations or not. Sixty female Iranian third-grade high school students participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two homogeneous groups; control and experimental. In the experimental group, lexical collocations were taught through concept mapping, and in the control one, Persian translations of the same lexical collocations were provided. Both groups received 12 sessions of instruction by the researcher. Data analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between the receptive and productive knowledge of collocation of those learners who are taught lexical collocation through concept mapping and those who were taught traditionally. In other words, in terms of both receptive and productive knowledge, concept mapping strategy outweighed the traditional one in learning English collocations. However, there was no statistically significant difference between retention of receptive and productive collocational knowledge in the experimental group.

The aim of this paper, is to use a more realistic model which incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and the thermophoresis of nanoparticles for studying the effect of some control parameters on the onset of convective instability in a rotating Hele-Shaw cell filled of a Newtonian nanofluid layer and heated from below, this layer is assumed to have a low concentration of nanoparticles. The linear study which was achieved in this investigation shows that the thermal stability of Newtonian nanofluids depends of the Coriolis force generated by the rotation of the system, the Hele-Shaw cell parameter, the Brownian motion, the thermophoresis of nanoparticles, the buoyancy forces and other thermo-physical properties of nanoparticles. The studied problem will be solved analytically by converting our boundary value problem to an initial value problem, after this step we will approach numerically the searched solutions by polynomials of high degree to obtain a fifth-order-accurate solution.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and urea on the growth and yield of the vegetable plant, Hibiscus esculentus.  Hibiscus esculentus is allowed to grew in the medium of vermicompost and urea. Three were 3 treatment viz., control, vermicompost (T1)and urea (T2). Observation was made from 10 randomly selected plants per pot. The effect of the organic fertilizer (vermicompost) and inorganic fertilizer (urea) on the growth and yield of the Hibiscus esculentus were studied. The germination percentage, shoot length and yield of the plant were recorded on 20^th, 40^th and 60^th days. The present study revealed that vermicompost seems to be maintained the soil which is ideal for growth of the plant. The highest yield of Hibiscus esculentus  was found in vermicompost treatment (T-1) followed by urea (T-2) and lowest in control. Application of vermicompost increased the vegetative growth and yield of Hibiscus  esculentus.

Philosophy begins with, an enquiry into the essence of the external world. Indian and Western Philosophers, were agitated the philosophical question that, how many ultimate realities are there in the world? To answer this question, the foremost, Ancient Greek philosopher, by Thales (624 B.C) declares that ‘Water’ is the only ultimate reality. Anaxamines (588 BC) says 'Air', Heraclites (535 BC), added 'Earth', Empedocles (495 BC) says, 'Fire', Democritus (460 BC) opines 'Ether' as the fifth element. Similarly, Socrates, Plato (427BC) and Aristotle (384 BC) observe that, though these five elements are permanent and eternal but the percipient is not observe these elements as it is. It is something other than what it is. It is called as 'Appearance' or 'illusion' or ‘M?ya’. From the dawn of philosophical enquiry, philosophers were puzzled at this problem which never agitated the minds of common man. The modern western Philosophers like Berkeley, Kant, Russell and Ayer were also discussed the problem of appearance.

This article aims to make a better understanding of the effective construction techniques in Iranian sustainable and historical water monuments and to present their efficient functions, which utilizes natural resources without the consumption of additional power. This is indeed important as energy saving and sustainability concealed in such constructions are significant issues in contemporary architecture. The present article targets at studying the Iranian artisanship involved in the construction of the structures which utilize the power of water as well as the cultural aspects of a traditional architecture that incorporates an understanding of constructions that date back centuries. Expanding the existing knowledge of these heritage properties and explaining their current condition in order to express the need for the preservation of ancient artisanship as part of a sustainable conservation future are the other prominent concerns of this work. Iran is located in an arid, semi-arid region. Due to the unfavorable distribution of surface water, to full water demands and fluctuation of yearly seasonal streams, Iranian people have tried to provide a better condition for utilization of water as a vital matter. This paper intends to acquaint the readers with some of the famous Iranian historical water monuments.

Researchers have long studied how learners produce a new language system (SLA). Theories of SLA, which make the language learning process easier to understand, have roots in such fields as linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, neuroscience, and education. To explain how someone acquires a second language, these theories investigate questions of cognition, questions of social influences, and so on. Researchers have commonly acknowledged no one overarching theory of SLA yet, because to express an all-embracing theory of SLA is an extremely intricate undertaking that is beyond research done individually; just as several men found it impossible to fully grasp the elephant in the dark and interpreted the huge animal differently because their palms were not large enough, understanding SLA procedure is enormously complicated and it commands the involvement of various disciplines, from linguistic theory to anthropology to brain science, and the procedure is not yet actually grasped. By collecting previous challenges to explain SLA, this paper attempted to help researchers and teachers shed about the shortcomings of the complementary theories in order to integrate linguistic, psychological, and social perspectives on SLA; this paper may hopefully express the idea of incompleteness, not the fallacy, of these models and may provide a deeper and broader view of the acquisition process, and the findings may suggest some guidelines for L2 learning and teaching.

There is no doubt that the world is constantly developing in terms of technology. This technological development had caused a drastic linguistic problem of addressing the expanding wave of newly coined concepts and technologies for which no equivalents in Persian used to exist. To preserve and help strengthen the existing Persian Language terminology, Iran’s Academy of Persian Language and Literature started to introduce Persian equivalents for English terminologies of chemistry in 1997. Thenceforth the Academy has introduced at least twenty thousands of Persian equivalents in various fields, but Iranian translators seem to be reluctant about using these newly introduced terminologies. However, no scientific study has investigated the usability and acceptability of these Persian equivalences to the date. To investigate whether the Persian equivalents introduced by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature are really in use or not, the present study first compiled a list of 100 terminologies of chemistry introduced by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature. Then the Persian translations of 10 English books on the related filed were investigated to gather the Persian equivalents Iranian translators had used in their translations for the terminologies under the study. Besides, the translation procedures adopted by translators for translating the terminologies under the study were investigated too. The study revealed that most Iranian translators still do not welcome the Persian equivalents introduced by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature and prefer to borrow the original English terminologies through different translation procedures. In addition, the study showed that in most cases, 71 cases out of the total of 100 cases, Iranian translators had used equivalents other than the ones the Academy of Persian Language and Literature had introduced which in turn indicates that Iran’s Academy of Persian Language and Literature has failed to reach its goal of providing acceptable and usable Persian equivalents for English terminologies of chemistry.

This paper is organized such as, it is based on the study of an industrial factory building to the bridge pile foundation construction stability, and it investigates the effect of a new building to the bridge pile foundation internal force by the finite element analysis software ANSYS. Matching the data of numerical examination with the one of monitor measurement, we achieve that a new building has a small influence on the deformation under load action and the stress difference of a bridge pile foundation. Besides, the bridge pile foundation is safe and stable under load action.

The study examined the nature and characteristics of locus of control across three critical phases of the life span such as young adulthood (20-25 yrs.), middle age (40-45 yrs.), and old age (65-70 yrs.) among both males and females. The sample consisted of 90 subjects, 30 from each of the age categories. Equal number of males and females from each of the categories were randomly selected. All the subjects were individually administered Rotter’s ‘Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. The results were analyzed for observing age-related and sex-related effects and changes in locus of control. Major findings of the study are summarized below. Both males and females are highly internals during the middle age, while they are externals at young and old age. Females show relatively more of external locus of control than males. However, the male-female difference was not found to be statistically significant across any of the three age groups. The interaction effect between age and sex was also not found to be significant suggesting that these two are independent factors with respect to locus of control.

Blogging is gaining increasing attention as a useful personal and scientific knowledge sharing media in social network technology. Many studies have been done on the personal characteristics of bloggers; who blogs and who does not? (Chai & Kim, 2010; Hollenbaugh, 2010; Smith, 2010). But empirical research addressing bloggers' level of creativity as their personal characteristic has been scant. In this study we try to investigate whether bloggers are creative people or not. Accordingly, a questionnaire survey was distributed between 30 Iranian bloggers and 30 other non- bloggers aged 15-30. The results of the study tend to shed light on the impact of creativity on the likelihood of being a blogger.