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Magnesium plays important roles in physiological function of the body organs because magnesium is an essential mineral. Present study was to determine magnesium levels in serum of fifty pulmonary tuberculosis patients and fifty controls magnesium was determined using a Hitachi atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Tokyo, Japan). Magnesium level was significantly decreased in pulmonary tuberculosis patients as compared with the controls. In order to better understand the role of magnesium in pulmonary tuberculosis further clinical studies are required

Image provides an important way for medical studies. The objective of the paper is to delineate the imaging process from graph theory with computer. The aim of digital image processing is to seek for the better methods and technologies on image process by noise riding, strengthening, restoring, dividing, extracting and so on based on computer. The main facts including the development of computer science, mathematics science and the increasing of application requirements on medical science, environmental science, industry and so on. Graph theory of computer provides a basic method and process for imaging process.

We are very happy to announce that from 26th February 2013, Mr.Nader Naghshbandi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Human Resource Accounting. Mr.Nader Naghshbandi is currently working as Janardan Rai Nagar Rajasthan Vidyapeeth University, Udaipur-India. The appointment of Mr.Nader Naghshbandi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

The climate of Bihar remains warm and humid for most part of the year. Regular visit of flood and drought along with fluch factors as high level of illiteracy, socioeconomic backwardness and use of primitive agronomic practices in field and storage enhance mycotoxin risk in Bihar drastically. 75 samples of 15 common drug plants were collected from different flood prone districts of Bihar. Vital parts, used for medicinal purposes, of these plants were chemically analysed for the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in them. Most samples contained mycotoxin as a natural contaminant. Among the mycotoxins, aflatoxins occurred most frequently. Other mycotoxins reported to be present were ochratoxin, citrinin, zearalenone and fumonisin. These mycotoxins are very harmful to both man and animals. Some of these mycotoxins are carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or teratogenic. This is a matter of great concern as these plants are used for the preparation of traditional medicines. Treatment of one disease will be the unintentelyded cause of another which is still more dangerous. The problem needs our serious attention.

The aims of this presentation are two folds, in initial stage, the presenter would like to shed light on the philosophy of second language learning, and how different philosophers have tried to explain the aim or purpose of second language acquisition, the second part includes the emergence of output hypothesis, and the reasons why this hypothesis emerged, and finally how this hypothesis has been modified during these two decades.

The purpose of the study was to predict the playing ability in Kabaddi from selected Anthropometrical, Physical, physiological and psychological variables among College level Players. One hundred and twenty six male inter collegiate Kabaddi players were randomly selected from various colleges in Tamilnadu state, India and their age ranged between 18 and 28 years. The subjects had past playing experience of at least three years in Kabaddi and only those who represented their respective college teams were taken as subjects. A series of anthropometrical measurements was carried out on each participant. These included Standing height measured by Stadiometer; Body weight measured by weighing machine, Two Length measurements - Arm length, Leg length, measured by Lufkin Anthropometric Tape. The data were collected by following standard testing protocol of International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Physical fitness components were measured by the following tests. Speed were assessed by 50 meter dash, Flexibility assessed by Sit and reach test, Leg explosive strength assessed by Standing broad jump, Muscular power assessed by Modified sit – ups and Muscular endurance assessed by 2.4 km run. The Physiological parameters namely Resting heart rate by Digitalized heart rate monitor, Peak expiratory flow rate was assessed by Peak flow meter and Breath holding time was assessed by Manual nose clip method.

As complexity of distribution network has grown [7], automation of substation has become a need of every utility company to increase its efficiency and to improve quality of power being delivered [5]. The proposed project which is GSM cellular network based controlling of substation [5][12] will help the utility companies, by ensuring that their local-substation faults [8][9][10] are immediately realized and reported to their concerned departments via GSM, to ensure that duration of power interruption is decreased. The measured parameters will be sending in the form of SMS messages. The microcontroller will interact with the sensors installed at the local substation and perform task as commanded [3]. Electrical parameters like current, voltage will be compared continuously to its rated value [13] will help protect the distribution and power transformer from burning due to overload, short circuit fault, over voltages and surges. Under such conditions, entire unit is shut down via the control section comprising of relays sensing it, and immediately turning the circuit breaker off. SMS alerts can also be generated to indicate this. The use of GSM makes the substation intelligent [4] in the sense that it is able to transmit alerts and information and receive commands. This enables to reduce labor cost at substation and saves time. Thus the monitoring and working efficiency of the sub-station will drastically increase.

This paper investigate the relationship between word of mouth dimensions volume, valance and source type with customer based brand equity dimensions brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality and brand loyalty. Study is conducted in Islamabad Pakistan on Five GSM companies working in Pakistan. Structural questioning model was used in methodology. Our study revealed that volume and valance has significant impact on CBBE while source type relation is not significant.

The research aims to determine the roles of school supervisors (SS) for improving teachers teaching and learning(TTL). Ministry of education (MOE) appreciates report from supervisors and recommendation submitted.Data collection was through questionnaires 16 out of 22 respondent's return.Data were analysed using descriptive and multiple regression. The findings revealed that Teachers prefer special supervision, supervisors check Teachers attendance register regularly, lesson notes and communicate teaching lapses. The findings will improve the Supervisors role and help them strengthen SS. Training and retraining of supervisors motivation, trustworthy and collaboration of MOE. The novelty of research focus on supervisors’ role and improvement of TTL.

Massawas and its surrounding beaches can support a diversity of marine birds along with the Red sea, for weather seasonal, annual, and spatial factors that affect bird richness and abundance on public beaches. To do so, we conducted two years of bird surveys on the beaches. These beaches are permanent natural water bodies, and are important for bird wildlife because they are stable resources for food, water and also good ground for mating purpose. The permanent water bodies are constant and limited for its geographical areas under natural conditions. We studied the marine water birds which are both migrant and resident; its species richness and diversity were studied in Massawa and its surrounding beaches in the Red sea region. It is a good for marine food source and also near by areas for marine birds there was natural vegetation in the seasons and are less important for agricultural resources. These areas were supposed to be earlier in rich resource for different marine bird’s species and may be sometimes disturbed by the seasonal sea tides and also by tourists. The study reveals that there are different species of birds as discussed below. We conclude our study that reductions in the rate of population decline of the observed species of marine bird biodiversity. To protect such species great care must be exercised either by governmental or by non-governmental agencies. Across all species we found that there are 10 marine bird species of this region and calculated there values the bird species and abundance and obtained low values indicating low bird richness and abundance, it may be due to strongly affected by seasons, natural habitat and the availability of food and are the basis for conducive environment for breeding for maintaining next generation.