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This paper is directed at highlighting the funding pattern of the federal government of Nigeria in relation to public education. It involves a review of relevant policy documents and research reports. The purpose is to stress the importance of adequate funding in relation to pertinent issues that affect the quality of free education programmes in Nigeria. This paper reveals that the adequacy of government funding of education has been adversely affected by inaccurate projection of target population for free education programmes due to poor statistical base and insufficient demographic information; the security situation in the country that compels government to spend increasing amount of money on security issues; and the weakness of the national currency against major international currencies like the British pound, the US dollar and the Euro that reduces the purchasing power of the naira in the international market. It recommends timely collection, collation, analysis and documentation of all demographic and institutional data relating to the funding of free education programmes. Keywords: Funding, basic education, national budget, expenditure.

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We are very happy to announce that from 27th June 2013, Mr. S.P. Anandaraj has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science and Engineering. Mr. S.P. Anandaraj is currently working as Sr. Asst. Professor in SR Engineering College, Warangal. The appointment of Mr. S.P. Anandaraj as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

41 (31 females and 10 males) 50% Boer and 50% Abergelle crossbred goats were distributed to evaluate and compare their kids growth performance, farmers' perception and their survivable rate under farm management system. Housing, feeding and health care were thoroughly attended. The average BW, WW, SMW and NMW of the crossbred (25% Boer and 75% Abergelle) male and female kids were (2.68 kg, 2.62 kg),(12.17 kg, 11.95 kg)and (18.25 kg, 17.38 kg) respectively. While, the local kids average BW, WW, and SMW were (2.30kg, 2.23kg), (10.5kg,10.5kg) and (14.17kg,13.38kg) for male and female respectively. The result indicated that crossbred body weight increment at different growth stage was better than the local breed. Farmers were also perceive the crossbred goat have docile behavior which easily adopt for zero grazing, non selective and voracious in feeding and high growth rate, even though they criticize as short in body length and lowest disease resistant. The survivable rate of the crossbred kids at pre weaning and post weaning were 90.7% and 97.4% respectively which more related to low disease resistance. So that with applying of good management practice scaling up activities has to be strengthened to make farmers better benefited from Abergelle cross Boer goat breed.

In this paper general process design procedure and simulation strategies for reactive distillation (RD) are presented on results are presented. The experimental results obtained from continuous RD column from our previous work are compared with simulation results predicted by three equilibrium stage models of different depths using Aspen plus software. Three types of equilibrium stage models with different complexity are developed, parameterized and compared in simulations in this work. These models are based on the stage concept and use the assumption of vapor–liquid equilibrium on each stage model. Reaction rates for Pseudohomogenous model calculated by our laboratory batch reactor are used for simulation to yield a steady state solution. Finally the VLE data from the databank of Aspen plus is also used to simulate the RD column separately to observe how the results vary with the experimental data and the Aspen plus databank data. It is observed that there is a very good agreement between the results from the Aspen plus databank and the actual column.

Corrosion from long time ago was one of the biggest problems of gas and oil industry. Corrosion not only cause to high costs of repairs ,but stopping production during repairing and safety matters cause to enormous loss .The importance of covering of underground pipes with plastic material in decade of 1970 continuously has been increased .So that in many cases ,replaced to traditional protector on the base of natural pitch and coal tar .In 1980 more progress was in the field of covering pipes with plastic materials that cause to decisively stabilization of polyethylene and molten connected epoxy as new protector for underground and sea pipe lines .So the aim of continuous extension of plastic materials and covering systems was in direction of making protection tools that are flexible for transferring and resting on extension slope from environment temperature and even preserve their integration in extension range of applied temperature .In this paper we try to study the act of corrosion in external metal pipe lines and even different ways of protection and ways of contrast against mechanical injury and chemical corrosion under soil , by attention to the type of soil.