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Ocular complications are common manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients. Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV-R) and Herpes zoster opthalmicus are the two most common ocular complications. With the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), CMV-R has declined considerably in the western world, but it is still possesses a major challenge in developing countries with significant ocular morbidity. CMV-R usually involves anterior segment and retina, manifesting as confluent retinal necrosis with haemorrhage, granular lesion, and frosted branch angiitis. The clinical picture of HIV-associated eye disease has changed dramatically since the introduction of HAART. It can lead to severe complications at times like rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and vision loss. Management of CMV Retinitis is more challenging and continuously evolving with time. Currently available effective anti-CMV pharmacological agents include injectable ganciclovir, its prodrug valganciclovir, and foscarnet. Surgical management of the complications include various approaches like pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas or high viscosity silicone oil tamponad, scleral buckling and laser photocoagulation. Because of the varied clinical presentation and difficult course, CMV-R has established itself as the major determinant of visual morbidity in HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore with the introduction of newer screening methods and routine ocular examination in high risk groups, we can significantly reduce the burden of disease, severe ocular complications and ocular morbidity.

Image compression is a widely addressed researched area. Image compression is a key technology in transmission and storage of digital images because of vast data associated with them. Various types of compression methods are present in place. The performance analysis of various schemes to compress a True image in graphical user interface is discussed in this paper. True images can be compressed with the help of same scheme as grayscale images by applying them to each of the three color components. Experimental results demonstrate that the STW wavelet algorithm is more efficient for PSNR while EZW method provides the better compression ratio.

Conductive polymers are good candidates for preparation of conducting graft copolymers. Therefore, polyaniline (PANI) was chemically grafted with chitosan by using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) initiator to obtain a product called as chitosan-graft-polyaniline (CHIT-g-PANI). Polyaniline, chitosan and CHIT-g-PANI were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV –vis and FT-IR studies confirmed the chemical structure and conjugation of CHIT-g-PANI. FTIR studies suggested the graft copolymerization of polyaniline on to chitosan. XRD of the CHIT-g-PANI further evidenced the grafting. The surface structure of CHIT-g-PANI was also verified by SEM.

Background: Several studies have objectified a high prevalence of metabolic syndrom (MS) in psoriasis patients. Objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrom and its components in psoriasis patients compared with controls, also the factors determinants the occurrence of MS in our patients. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective study including 100 psoriasis patients versus 100 controls seen in consultation or in hospitals. Conducted for a period of 12 months. Results: The prevalence of MS was higher in patients with psoriasis compared with controls (OR= 2.89, p=0,0002). with a significant increase in obesity (OR = 3.25, p = 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 3.9, p = 0.013) and glucose intolerance (OR = 2.13, p = 0.046). Risk factors determining the appearance of SM in psoriatic were age, family history of psoriasis, seniority of psoriasis, but we did not find a correlation with sex, severity of psoriasis and the clinical form Conclusion: The management of psoriasis will integrate research risk factors for a possible metabolic syndrome and its treatment through a multidisciplinary approach.

Teaching second language is one of the most abstruse tasks for the teachers to confine the involvement of the students and additionally motivate them so that they may backlog knowledge in vigorous learning milieu. The educational researchers and the educators are probing different techniques and resources which may contribute to the effectual erudition. They are incessantly exploring certain pedagogical and audited strategies so that they can maximize the intellect of the learners. In this era of educational technology “Realia” is one of the important teaching aid that is being used by teachers to motivate their students.

A field experiment was carried out in 2007, 2008 and 2009 at Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria to determine the response of two Chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) varieties (Bird’s eye and Dantsiga) to five harvesting frequencies (weekly, two weeks, three weeks, four weeks and once at the end of the rains). Factorial combinations of the treatments were replicated three times and laid out in a randomized complete block design. Gross and net plots were 9m2 and 4.5m2 respectively. A spacing of 75cm x 30cm was used. Appropriate agronomic and crop protection practices were adopted to ensure adequate crop performance. The results showed that variety Dantsiga had significantly longer fruits, higher fruit diameter, number of seeds per fruit and dry fruit yield per hectare. There was no difference between the two varieties in the number of fruits per plant. Harvesting every two weeks resulted in significantly higher fruit yield and number of seeds per fruit throughout the three years of study.

The increase in the interest in targeted delivery of drug to the colon via the oral route. The colon is a site where both local and systemic delivery of drugs can take place. Local delivery could, for example, allow topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment could be made more effective if it were possible for drugs to be targeted directly on the colon. Systemic side effects could also be reduced. Colon specific systems might also allow oral administration of peptide and protein drugs, which are normally inactivated in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Colon-specific systems could also be used in diseases that have diurnal rhythms. To achieve successful colonic delivery continuous efforts have been focused on designing colon-specific delivery systems with improved site specificity and versatile drug release kinetics to accommodate different therapeutic needs. Among the systems developed for colon-specific delivery, four systems were unique in terms of achieving in vivo site specificity, design rationale, and feasibility of the manufacturing process i.e. coating with pH-sensitive polymers, formulation of timed released systems, exploitation of carriers that are degraded specifically by colonic bacteria, and osmotic controlled drug delivery systems. The focus of this review is to provide detailed descriptions of the four systems, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of colon-specific drug delivery systems.

Segmentation and classification of high resolution satellite imagery is a challenging problem due to the fact that it is no longer meaningful to carry out this task on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The fine spatial resolution implies that each object is an aggregation of a number of pixels in close spatial proximity, and accurate classification requires that this aspect be subtly considered. K-means clustering algorithm is a better method of classifying high resolution satellite imagery. The extracted regions are classified using a minimum distance decision rule. Several regions are selected as training samples for region classification. Each region is compared to the training samples and is assigned to its closest class. The procedure significantly reduces the mixed pixel problem suffered by most pixel based methods. In this paper, we used K-means clustering algorithm to classify satellite imagery into specific objects within it for cadastral and environmental planning purposes, thereby eliminating the above mentioned problems and getting better classification accuracy with the overall performance for accuracy percentage as 88.889% and Kappa values as 0.835.

This paper reports the effects of sintering schedule to the mechanical properties and microstructure of warm formed powder compacts. Iron powder ASC 100.29 was used as main powder constituent whereas zinc stearate was used as lubricant. The premixed powder mass was compacted at 180ºC by applying 130 kN axial loading and sintered in an inert gas fired sintering furnace at different sintering schedule. The sintered samples were characterized to evaluate their mechanical properties and microstructures. The effect of sintering schedule was studied in terms of mechanical properties, focusing in particular on the relative density, flexural strength and hardness. The microstructure analysis was performed to determine the pore shape, size and distribution. The results revealed that the mechanical properties and microstructures of sintered products were affected by the sintering temperature, holding time as well as the heating/cooling rate.

Social responsibility of organizations has been the most important elements of philosophy, So that it is important to abide by organizations within the social identity theory, Satisfaction of stakeholders outside the organization to legitimate organizations will strengthen. Many of the behaviors and actions of managers and employees, was influenced by moral valuesrooted in ethics. Due to lack of work ethic in management, organizations, societies such as Iran, which was one rich in moral values? The advanced countries have a considerable distance, can create problems for organizations. In addition to increasing the social expectations of organizations, societies, such issues as the environment, women, children, minorities, disabled people, equal employment and staffing reductions, are more sensitive. Organizations ignoring these rights and ethics in dealing with external stakeholders can cause problems for the organization and the organization and action of legitimacy put it, profits, and thus affects the success of the organization. Poor work ethic, the attitude of jobs, organized and effective managers, can affect the performance of individual, group and organizational influence.