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This research work examined the consumption pattern of Irvingia gabonensis in Ukwuani area of Delta State, Nigeria. The target respondents were the households in the study area. Data for the study was collected by administering structured questionnaires to and interview of one hundred (100) respondents. Data analysis was done using simple descriptive statistics, T-test and Chi-Square. The students T-test was used to compare the different uses of Irvingia gabonensis in the study area by the consumers/households. The result showed that 100% of the respondents are aware of the species; most of the respondents (89.4%) consume it while 10.6% did not utilze it. It was also discovered that, majority of the respondents (62.4%) use it for soup only while 37.6% consumed it as food and fruits. Most of the respondents (67.1%) sourced them from the markets, 4.9% from the collectors and 2.8% from forested areas. The result also confirmed that it is widely accepted (87.1%) in the study area. The study also revealed that the utilization rate of Irvingia gabonensis in the study area is increasing (76.5%) while 23.5% asserted that it is decreasing. Majority of the respondents (79.2%) confirmed that they use it because of its nutritional importance while 20.8% consume it because of its medicinal uses. The socio-demographic results showed that all of the respondents (100%) that used it are less than 30 years, 100% of students and civil servants utilize it more than other categories while the result of the Chi-square reveals that utilization depends on primary occupation and also educational background of the respondents. This paper therefore recommended among other things that domestication and interventions of this species should be encouraged for proper management and sustainability.

Since modern society changes rapidly, styles of interpersonal communication changes as well. Of all, mobile phone plays a significant role in everyone’s daily life, becoming as the most popular communication tool. This study explored the use of mobile phones and its impact on interpersonal relationship among youth in Lahore. The study used the theoretical frameworks of “uses and gratifications” approach from media studies. The main objective of the study was to examine the overall impact of mobile phone and determine the role mobile phones are playing in effecting interpersonal relationship and gender differences. Data was collected through survey comprised 50 young adults (ageing 16 to 30 years) in Lahore. Quantitative analysis of the data revealed that there is strong relationship between mobile phone usage and interpersonal relationship. Continuous use of mobile phone negatively effect on youth and distort the relationship with their families and close friends. Study found that there were gender differences in the use of cell phones by young people. Further, males use more cell phone rather than the females.

The cyclic voltammetric measurement and molecular interaction studies using ultrasonic technique of Cu(II),Ni(II) and Pb(II) complexes of  8-[2-Methoxy-5-(propane-1-sulfonyl)-phenylazo]-naphthalene-1-ol using DMSO, were carried out at 303 K. The cyclic voltammetric were carried out at a stationary platinum electrode in DMSO with 0.1M tetrabutylammonium per chlorate (TBAP) as a supporting electrolyte. The measured values of ultrasonic velocity, density, acoustical parameters, adiabatic compressibility and free length are evaluated. From the properties of these parameters the nature and strength of the interactions in these complexes and oxidation, reduction behaviors were discussed.

Textile industry waste water from dyeing and finishing processes constitute a substantial source of water pollution which imparts intense colour, high chemical oxygen demand, fluctuating pH and other suspended particles. This coloured waste water must be treated before final discharge to attain legal standards. Conventional methods for removing dyes from industrial waste water consist mainly of biological and physiochemical treatments and their various combinations. Biological methods are cheaper than other methods but dye toxicity usually inhibits bacterial growth and limits therefore the efficiency of decolourisation. Physical methods usually need additional chemicals which produce secondary pollution and a huge volume of sludge. Water treatment based on electro coagulation technique has been recently proving to evade most of the problems also being economically attractive. This review deals with better understanding of the decolourisation of the textile waste water through Electrocoagulation process. Although there are various electrochemical methods for the treatment of waste water Electrocoagulation has proved to be a clean, versatile, selective, flexible and a powerful process. Decolourisation of the dyeing and finishing waste is greatly affected by the important operating parameters such as the current density, pH, dye concentration, treatment time, type of electrode material used, electrolyte and its concentration. Upon survey it is found that Electrocoagulation combined with other processes also has proved good in the improvement of the decolourisation efficiency.

Methods of design and built become new invention of Outcome Based Education (OBE) at Politeknik Kota Bharu (PKB). This paper prefer to the process of development Bicycle Chopper Hybrid (BCH) with Project Based Online Learning (PBOL) match with OBE that implemented at PKB. The Project Based Online Learning (PBOL) was implemented based on online learning management system call eSOLMS for this project development. This process related with engineering survey, planning, design and development of BCH by using sophisticated technology combination with mechanical machines at inside/outside of workshops at Politeknik Kota Bharu (PKB). The concept of Hybrid vehicle become the new innovation ideas for outcome based project 2012. The product of BCH generate with the power of 1400 rpm motor's to mobilize this vehicle machine. The use of coupling and chain extension as its power mechanism make this project function properly. The testing data’s of product BCH was carry out on Mac 2012 shows that the movement of Bicycle Hybrid Chopper is between 30 till 50 km/h. This speed is safe to ride for a people. In addition, the battery using can function for 3 hours journey. Distance can be traveled is between 10 km depending on battery power. Power Inverter playing role to convert DC current from the battery to AC current turn on. The cost of RM1000.00 for BCH product manufacture is a significant low cost factor of its new creation. This invention shows the effective of Project Based Online Learning (PBOL) implementation match with OBE needs. Hopefully this concept of Project Based online learning become next invention of Project Based Mobile Learning (PBML) of engineering student project development at Polytechnics & Community College, Malaysia.

Recently, modular multilevel inverter(MMLI) have gained interest for photovoltaic applications. This topology minimizes the total harmonic distortion both at the DC and AC side and reduces the voltage stress across the devices for high voltage applications compared to the conventional multilevel inverter. This paper explains the significance of a MMLI by employing phase shift PWM technique. This control algorithm is implemented in SPARTAN/FPGA board. The important aspect of this paper is the issues related to capacitor voltage balancing is addressed. The MMLI is powered by PV source and the modeling of PV alongwith MPPT is implemented in MATLAB. The validity of the proposed modular MLI topology is confirmed by simulation and experimentation.

This paper will deal with the developed wing for the Flying Bike in order to provide the maximum lift in a short takeoff and also to maintain the coefficient of lift for smooth landing, for this the development is carried out with the NACA 4 Digit Airfoil series concept on considering Flat Bottom Airfoil as already in use for sail planes and A-18 Airfoil for Small wind turbines, which have significant results on various models of airfoil but the appropriate one is to be chosen among the symmetrical and flat bottomed airfoil for the best flying concept with minimum drag and maximum speed in air. Also we find airfoil everywhere like in wings, tail surfaces (vertical fin and horizontal stabilizer), Propellers and turbofans, helicopters rotors, compressors and turbines, wind turbines, hydrofoils wing like devices which can lift the water boat above water.

This paper presents a single phase digital prepaid energy meter based on two microcontrollers and a single phase energy meter IC. This digital prepaid energy meter does not have any rotating parts. The energy consumption is calculated using the output pulses of the energy meter chip and the internal counter of microcontroller (ATmega32). A microcontroller (ATtiny13) is used as a smart card and the numbers of units recharged by the consumers are written in it. A relay system has been used which either isolates or establishes the connection between the electrical load and energy meter through the supply mains depending upon the units present in the smart card. Energy consumption (kWh), maximum demand (kW), total unit recharged (kWh) and rest of the units (kWh) are stored in the ATmega32 to ensure the accurate measurement even in the event of an electrical power outage that can be easily read from a 20×4 LCD. As soon as the supply is restored, energy meter restarts with the stored values. A single phase prepaid energy meter prototype has been implemented to provide measurement up to 40A load current and 230V line to neutral voltage. Necessary program for microcontrollers are written in c-language and compiled by Win-AVR libc compiler.

Lead poisoning crisis that crystallized in Bukkyum and Anka local governments of Zamfara State , Nigeria, gave birth to this research works in line with recommendations by Médecins sans Frontières (MSF-Holland) to Zamfara state health authorities.( UNEP/OCHA, 2010). The work consist of Soil sampling and XRF analysis of selected mining stages as well as a host village residential compounds, Dan-company. The concentration levels of Fe, Ni, Cu and Cr are elevated while that of other heavy metals is present within regulatory limits. The elevated levels of metals by their nature do rarely portend hazards to health. The relationship of mining cave values, tailings and residential compounds shows that the villagers of the mining environment might have been educated from the earlier years of the British settlers that flagged off mining in the area.

This paper presents a novel method of allocation of capacitor size for a distribution feeder with uncertain load. The interval mathematics is used to perform the power flow solution of radial distribution system. The simulation results have been obtained using the INTLAB Toolbox in MATLAB environment. The standard 15-bus, 10-bus and the 33-bus radial distribution systems which are used by the researchers have been analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The developed program gives the range of the capacitor ratings in kVAr which could be selected for compensation, corresponding to the min and max limits of the voltages at each bus. For a range of values of capacitor ratings, which when installed at a particular bus results in the range of reduction in cost of capacitor and energy loss reduction. This information is very useful for a distribution system planner.