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Let be a simple graph. A set is an Edge-Vertex dominating set of G (or simply an ev-Dominating set), if for all vertices , there exists an edge such that dominates . Let be the Star graph and let denote the family of all Edge-Vertex dominating sets of with cardinality . Let , be the number of Edge-Vertex dominating sets of with cardinality . In this paper, we study the concept of Edge-Vertex domination polynomials of Star graph . The Edge-Vertex Domination polynomial of is . We obtain some properties of and its coefficients. Also, we calculate the recursive formula to derive the Edge-Vertex Domination polynomials of Star graph.

The present study explores the effectiveness of Graphical Organizer (GO)Teaching Model on Student’s Learning Achievement in General Science at Elementary School Level. Graphic Organizer Teaching Model helps teachers to make their content understandable for their students. The objectives of the present study were to asses the effect of GO Teaching Model on students’ learning and explore the understanding of student. It was an experimentally study. The experiment was conducted at an Elementary School. Pre-test posttest control group design was adopted for conducting the experiment for the study. Difference in achievement of students (in control and experimental group) in General Science was checked through comparison of their performance in Post-test. Data analysis revealed that students of experiment group who were taught through GO teaching got more marks than students in control group. Findings depicted that GO Model proved an effective instructional strategy. The result reported that students learning achievement was improved through the use of GO in General Science. It was recommended that teachers may be trained in how to design and use GO in teaching. The findings of the study have implication for teachers, curriculum developer’s educationists and researchers.

The Au and thiol substituted 2,5-divinylthiophene molecule has been studied for the zero field and various levels of applied external electric fields (EFs) using quantum chemical calculations coupled with AIM theory. The variation in geometrical parameters due to the various external EFs and the corresponding transport properties of the molecule has been analyzed. The variation in MPA and NPA charges, the reduction of HOMO-LUMO gap (from 2.34 to 1.08 eV) and the increase of electric dipole moment (from 0.98 to 13.21 D) with the increase of external EFs (from zero to 0.26 VÅ-1) of the molecule reveals that using thiol as linker and Au as electrodes, 2,5-divinylthiophene molecule can be act as an efficient molecular nanowire.

In the present study, the lead phytoaccumulation and its effects on the growth and antioxidant status were determined in Trigonella foenum graceum. The phytotoxicity was studied in the germinating seeds under the exposure to increasing concentrations of lead acetate (25, 50, 100, 200 µM). Although there was a decrease in the germination percentage of the seeds to increasing concentrations, normal growth was observed after germination. The plant was capable of tolerating various concentrations of lead revealed by its vigorous growth after the 16th day of treatment. Pb caused significant reductions in the chlorophyll content, protein content and induced changes in the antioxidant enzymes .Pb decreased the activity of SOD and Catalase while the activity of GPx and LPO were induced significantly after Pb exposure. The plant expressed higher tolerance to Pb which is mainly attributed by its normal growth and physiology.

The research was conducted to find out the effect of implementation of HACCP in a baking industry. The quality attributes such as microbial count and compositional analysis were done to find out the positive effect. High energy fortified biscuits was prepared as influenced by different levels of soy flour protein and wheat flour gluten content of the biscuit recipes in a food industry before food safety implementation. Packaging study was also conducted by high density polyethylene up to 90 days of storage showing moisture content just above Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institute (BSTI) requirement at 90 days for the samples S1, S2 and S3. Moisture%, Protein %, fat %, sucrose % and iron content remained acceptable considering BSTI requirements. Sample S1 containing highest soy flour protein and wheat flour gluten estimated highest protein %, fat% and iron content compared to sample S¬2 and S3. Microbial qualities of biscuits found acceptable at initial storage regardless of microbial quality of raw materials. Sensory qualities of biscuits were also evaluated which showed the sample S3 , treated with lowest amount of soy flour protein and wheat flour gluten, was the most preferred biscuit with respect to all the quality attributes. Though the high energy fortified biscuit has compact source of energy, packaging condition was not sufficient to hold moisture content as BSTI standard level during 90 days of storage.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of varying plant population of two sorghum cultivars on growth and yield at research area Gash Delta Eastern Sudan, during 2014/15 and 2016/17) seasons. The RCBD design used for split-split plot trail. The treatments include two cultivars (Tabat andAklamoi) and three planting densities (spacing within the row of 30, 45 and 60 cm between holes and the number of seeds per hole factor with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 seeds per hole).The obtained results revealed that, the two tested sorghum cultivars particularly in the second seasons showed highly significant differences in stem girth, leave area index, panicle/m2, seeds /panicle, 100-seed weight and grain yield/ha. Aklamoi was better than Tabat in panicle/m2, 100-seed weight while, Tabat exceeded Aklamoi in stem girth, leaf area and grain yield particularly at plant population 208333 plant/ha which was achieved from 30cm inter-row spacing with five plants/hole in the first Season. The obtained grand mean of grain yield of Sorghum and the observations across the two experimental seasons indicate the high adaptability, the highest growth and the highest grain yield of Sorghum under the conditions of the Gash Delta. Early maturity of sorghum cultivars is more important to cultivate under shortage flooding seasons.

This paper has attempted to provide estimates of the size of the underground economy and estimated tax evasion in Ghana from 1990 to 2010 which have received little consideration. The Stock-Watson DOLS estimate for currency demand was employed. Our estimates suggest that underground economy is quite large accounting for about 48% of the official economy on the average. These results are consistent with the stylised fact about the Ghanaian economy, in particular the large number of persons employed in small business and trading versus the number of tax returns filed on an annual basis and also claiming to have incomes way below taxable levels. The estimated evaded tax ranges from 4% to about 14% of the official economy and higher budgetary supports and loans contracted in a year. The implication is that any success made in reducing such leakages may have positive effect on fiscal and monetary policy.

A new branch of management called knowledge management is created for improved application of knowledge capital in organizations. Applying such process improves knowledge processes and enhances organizational knowledge by linking knowledge management with organizational strategies. Also, it provides proper guidelines to compensate current deficiencies and helps organization to keep its competitive advantage. In present study and after brief study of knowledge management concepts by identifying and considering affecting factors on management success and knowledge management enablers, research hypotheses were revealed to evaluate organizational readiness to execute knowledge management in both individual and organizational sections. Then, these factors were studied by connoisseurs to evaluate the readiness of Bushehr Gas Company. Finally, the readiness of Bushehr Gas Company to execute knowledge management was assessed and confirmed by a questionnaire and the relevant scores were computed. Then, the weak points were identified according to the readiness of the Company and proper guidelines were provided to remove deficiencies.

External assistance is considered a significant factor in the economic development of Bangladesh in order to bridge the gap between savings and investments along with balance of payment situation. From the viewpoint of understanding vulnerability, there is analytical interest in the potential impact of contingent liabilities on an economy. Sustainable debt is the level of debt which allows a debtor country to meet its current and future debt service obligations in full, without recourse to further debt rescheduling, avoiding accumulation of arrears, while allowing an acceptable level of economic growth. Currently Bangladesh is spending a significant portion of its potential resources and revenue in terms of debt service. Although the country is solvent in external debt burden, there exist concerns for future stability of this sustainability without hampering the necessary expenditure in other important sectors. In Bangladesh the financial support from donor has tended to decline, reflecting more difficult budgetary conditions and a general disappointment with the results of external aid among development partners.

This paper discusses the benefit of extra-curricular activities in social skills among students in Malaysia. Student’s participation in extra- curricular activities can increase the social skills in terms of self-confidence, building relationship with the others, collaboration, etc. On the other hand, it can develop positive relationship outside the classroom environment and act as a catalyst for social skills. What's more, through additional curricular exercises, the creation of phenomenal human capital from the physical, passionate, otherworldly and scholarly perspective can be produced.