Archives-June... 

There are many examples for co-orbital motion in the Solar system, including temporary co-orbital companions of the Earth, raising many interesting questions. The problem of co-orbital motion is formulated in the Hamiltonian form when the larger primary is an oblate body. Different forms of the disturbing function are outlined; the relevant form is developed in terms of Laplace’s coefficients. The Hamiltonian of the problem is formed in Delaunay-like canonical elements. The ratio of the primaries’masses is considered as a small parameter of the first order while the leading oblateness term of the first primary is considered of second order. Finally, the short-period terms are eliminated from the Hamiltonian using the procedure based on Lie series and Lie transform, leaving the Hamiltonian as a function of only the secular and critical (resonant) terms.

This research is a part of an initiative to improve the service for transportation of employees who work in Thai Industrial Estates. The study aims to find smarter transportation service by using internet-based technology. This kind of service serves employees who travel to work in any factory inside industrial estates, who typically live far from the capital and its public transportation system. For factories with a large workforce and maintain a large fleet of shuttle buses transportation, it is particularly important to set effective routes, transit points and “Pick Up” times, to make it convenient for employees when coming to work. In this study, an application called " Wherever” used on Smart Phone is introduced to address this problem of picking up and transporting employees from different areas, and come to work in the same location. This report demonstrates how useful this new application is, for this purpose.

This article focuses on the study of biodiversity' changes in Khor Abuhabil area. The intentions of the article are to study the change in biodiversity, and distinguish its main indicators and causes. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources together with Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing to track the changes in biodiversity through different periods. The descriptive and statistical analytical methods; density index, ARC MAP 10 and ERDAS 8.5 are used for the data analysis. The study points out that changes in biodiversity is a wide spread phenomena in Khor Abuhabil area as indicated by 98.4% of the respondents, the analysis of the satellites images and index of density. The forest and grass area decreased from 3708 km² to 819 km² and from 9817 km² to 4578 km² during the period 1972 to 2013 respectively, and concurrently, the cultivated area increased by 40% during the same period, at the expense of biodiversity. The changes in biodiversity represented by change in vegetation cover including the dominance of Calotrpis procera, Maerua crassifolia, Boscia angustifolis, Guiera senegalensis trees and decreased in Acacia senegal, Acacia mellifera and Dalbergia melanoxylon. The study also indicates the decreased and disappearance of palatable grass species like Triumpettaf lavesscens, Ischamum brachyatherum, Eragrostis pilosa and appearances of unpalatable grass species like Triumpetta flavesscens. The study also showed that many wildlife animals like Panther atigris, Crocuta crocuta, Viverra civetta and Gazella dorcas disappeared whereas birds like Bubulcus ibis, Ploceus galbula and Apus apus have become very abundant. The study concluded that the main causes stand behind the phenomena of change in biodiversity represented in frequent drought years 1973, 1984, 1991 and 2003, fluctuation of rainfall, overgrazing and misuse of trees and over hunting (P <0.001).

Decisions are complex in nature. Decisions may include uncertainty to some extent. Some decisions may be sequential in nature. Decisions are made within a decision environment. It is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values, and preferences available at the time of decision. A sequential decision problem consists of n sequential states which are independent or interdependent. Therefore, action must be taken at each state and hence a sequence of actions must be taken to arrive at a solution. A decision made at one state due to an action is passed on to next state and the overall decision depends on the decisions made at each state. Probabilistic Transition System (PTS) is an extension of Labeled Transition System where each transition depends on a probability. PTS constitutes a framework for the description and comparison of processes with stochastic behaviour. Stochastic Finite Automata are suitable for the construction of mathematical models of complex systems having stochastic behavior in a finite way. In the study, PTS is extended by adding a component so as to represent a Transition System for Sequential Decision Problem under Uncertainty. The study is an attempt to exhibit Stochastic Finite Automata as a Mathematical Model for Sequential Decision Making under Uncertainty.

A study has been conducted on Acoustic Parameters of Spindle oil- Ethanol system, on different concentration’s [0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.6%] at temperature of 303K using Ultrasonic interferometer. Parameters like Ultrasonic velocity, Viscosity, Density, Adiabatic compressibility, Acoustic Impedance, Free length, Free Volume, Relation Time, Relative Association, Adsorption Coefficient and Molar compressibility are measured and it is helpful for correlation of Molecular interaction of binary mixture spindle oil-ethanol system.

The psychophysiological influence of the virtual reality on a human has already been under discussion for a long time. There is an empirical correlation of immersion with hardware and software parameters of the virtual reality such as a frame rate, tracking a head rotation, audio, and interaction methods applied in the virtual reality. On the other side, a deep level of interaction can be explained by activation of similar cognitive structures in the brain and sensory stimuli as in same situation on practice. In this perspective, psychophysiological test is simple model of human activity and could be provided benefit to measuring of performance man-machine interaction with graphic monitor (desktop application) and head-mounted display (in virtual reality). Its key idea is to measuring of human performance in different environments (desktop and virtual reality) by the test for a reaction rate to a movable object with feedback and without. It was shown that effectiveness of man-machine interaction turns out to be higher when using head-mounted display (in virtual reality) than when using a video display (desktop application) independently on the different orders of performing the testing tasks. The data obtained could be provided benefit to modeling training systems in virtual reality and for improving learning performance. The material presented can open new prospects for further research studies. It seems interesting to those who work in the field of usability engineering, training simulation and human-computer interaction.

Open Reusability Benchmark identifies a number of factors that are required to be present in a Learning Object Repository. A repository must comply with these factors to define a comprehensive and openly reusable Learning Object Repository. A number of existing systems that actually use a database of learning objects and their internal architecture is somewhat available are incorporated in this survey. Each of the studied system is then measured on these benchmarks and a critical analysis is performed on the basis of results.

Now a days as very few drugs are coming out of research and development and already existing drugs are suffering the problem of resistance due to their irrational use specifically in case of drugs like antibiotics. Hence, change in the operation is a suitable and optimized way to make the some drug more effective by slight alteration in the drug delivery. Sustained Release is also providing promising way to decrease the side effect of drug by preventing the fluctuation of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body. This article contains the basic information regarding sustained-release formulation and also the different types of the same.

Effective administrative practices including budget is continually redefined by states, districts, and schools. The administration attempts to keep up with all changes and meet with the expectations such as reconstructing the budget. Furthermost, the school budgeting practices are within a collaborative decision-making context which include the manners to link educational goal development to management. Panic began in New Jersey when Governor Christie (R) cut $1B in education budget in 2010 (Corbett, 2010; Chakrabarti & Sutherland 2012) and again announced $1.6 billion cut in 2013 (Shinski 2013). This action meant that not only many teachers were discharged but also programs were eliminated. When schools face massive cuts, prioritization and measuring the possibilities started by administrators. In a small measure this paper examines the effects of reducing school budgets and approaches to proceed successful educational programs with concentrating on New Jersey public education. The effects of reducing school budgets.

Now-a-days employees become the most important assets of the organizations. Organizations spend millions of rupees for their employee’s trainings and developments. But after certain time they quit because of many factors. In present study, we focus on two factors that contribute in this problem i.e. pay and supervisor. This study investigates the relationship of employee’s satisfaction of supervisor and pay with organizational commitment. Data was collected from 157 employees of banking sector. The results show that if employees are satisfied with their pay as well as their supervisor then their commitment towards their organization is strong.