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ABSTRACT Batch arrival retrial queue with positive and negative customers is considered. Positive customers arrive in batches according to Poisson process. If the server is idle upon the arrival of a batch, one of the customers in the batch receives service immediately and others join the orbit. If the server is busy, the arriving batch joins the orbit or collides with the customer in service resulting in all being shifted to the orbit or one of the customers in the batch interrupts the customer in service to get his own service. The arrival of a negative customer brings the server down and makes the interrupted customer to leave the system. The repair of the failed server starts after a random amount of time. During the repair time and delay time, customers may balk the system. After each service completion, the server searches for customers in the orbit with certain probability. Using supplementary variable technique various performance measures are derived. Stochastic decomposition property is established. Special cases are discussed and numerical results are presented.

In present study, calli of commercial indica rice variety PAU 201 were transformed following particle gun methods with the GUS gene (encoding ?-glucuronidase) for its transient expression. Various biological and physical parameters like age of calli (weeks), preculture treatment prior to bombardment (hrs), post-bombardment incubation time (hrs), helium pressure (psi), vacuum pressure (mm Hg), distance from stopping plate to target tissue (cm), number of bombardments per Petri dish were studied. Optimized conditions include 4 weeks old fresh calli bombarded twice at helium and vacuum pressure of 1100 psi & 28mm Hg, keeping target distance 9cm with 12 hours pre-culture prior to bombardment and 72 hours post bombardment incubation duration gave a transient GUS expression of 32-39%. The parameters of this study could be used to improve the transient expression, enabling stable expression of introduced genes using callus as target tissue.

New advancement in the field of Software Engineering increases more issues and problems. After reviewing quite a few research papers & articles in the field of Software Engineering, we obtained various challenges that rise in building a complex software system. This paper describes several challenges evolved in building a complex software system.

The purpose of this paper is comparing the role of teachers on teaching - learning process in ordinary and smart schools of Bojnurd (the center of north-eastern province of Iran). This type of survey and the questionnaire as a data collection tool is a cross-sectional study. This study was based upon descriptive-measuring model and due to its objective is categorized in functional research group. The population of the study including the teachers, girls and boys of middle school and high schools are in Bojnourd during Spring-2013. Cochran's formula for determining the sample size and the method used are stratified random sampling. It was found that the reliability obtained was high. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics for the analytical tests such as correlation analysis, analysis of variance and Tukey test. The statistical analyses used are SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The effect of variables such as attitudes toward technology, job outlook and teachers’ teaching methods in teaching-learning process are also investigated in this paper.

If survival data follows a specific survival distribution (weibull, exponential), survival probabilities can be estimated by using the specific survival function. Alternate easy and assumptions free methods for computing the survival probabilities are Kaplan-Meier and Bootstrap survival functions. The aim of present study is to compare the two non-parametric methods under the influence of different percentage of censoring presented in four different data sets “Leukaemia data set, Stanford Heart Transplant data set, Thalassaemia data set and Lung cancer data set”. Results of analysis show that the performance of Kaplan-Meier survival function is better than the Bootstrap survival function. This is due to the easy concept, less time, less time, easily availability as well as in terms of survival probabilities

This paper investigates the performance of an 11 kV silicone rubber (SiR) outdoor insulator when subjected to an alternative voltage at 50 Hz. The electrical field and potential distributions over the insulator surface were computed and analysed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) COMSOL Multiphysics software. Comparative studies of field and equipotential contours for the insulator under dry clean and uniformly contaminated surface conditions are presented. The surface power dissipation along insulator surface is calculated. The critical of high field regions on SiR surfaces were identified and the power dissipated in the pollution layer along insulator profile was revealed. This study showed useful information about the surface heating which, might be help to predict any dry band formations along the leakage path of the insulator and to evaluate the insulator characteristics and its behavior.

This paper addresses the concepts of sustainable development, sustainable regional development and constitutes for an indicators for sustainable development. The notion of sustainable development has a fundamental nature, and serves as the basis for other new and innovative concepts and principles arising within environmental conventions. Sustainable development (SD) is development that lasts for long time. This paper has two parts. Firstly, the idea of sustainable regional development (SRD) refers to the integration of sustainable development principles into regional development practice. Secondly, indicators are today seen as having an increasingly important role in sustainable development or sustainable regional development and can provide crucial guidance for decision- making in a variety of ways. This study uses for traditional data sources and measures as a basis for SD and SRD indicators. The aim of this study is to analyze the indicators for sustainable development and sustainable regional development. This paper finds that it is a qualitative policy concept, which needs a quantitative operationalization. It is hoped that this paper will make a significant contribution to the realisation of sustainable regional development.

Over the years, Nigeria has increasingly faced enormous apprehension arising from conflict and insecurity from Nigeria’s contiguous countries individuated by armed bandits and armed herders, who take advantage of our porous borders to perpetrate monstrous crimes with negative impact on our internal security. In the study, some fundamental objectives stated: To examine the nature of conflict and insecurity in Nigeria, the role of ECOWAS protocol on free movement in west Africa in the conflict and the role of the Nigerian security apparatus in the incidents of cross border crimes and increase conflict and insecurity in Nigeria. In this paper, we used qualitative materials with the application of historical analysis. The findings revealed Nigeria inherited conflict and insecurity from its geo-political location with northern contiguous neighbours. Besides the porous border, the religious and cultural affinity of people across the border are playing a significant role in aiding armed bandits, armed herders, religious fanatics and Boko Haram insurgency who recklessly infiltrate and criss-cross into and out of Nigeria to unleash wanton destruction of lives and property. More worrisome is the spate of killings and kidnappings taking place all over Nigeria. It was also revealed that the free movement of illegal aliens across the border has resulted in a proliferation of small arms and light weapons paraded by herdsmen as they graze their cattle. The paper recommended that Nigeria should exploit the positive aspects of its diversity to enhance national integration, to ward off illegal aliens, there should be collaborative security effort and a holistic water-proof surveillance among by security operatives along the borders of both countries to checkmate the nefarious activities of legal and illegal aliens crossing the borders at will to commit violent crimes in Nigeria, the ambiguous role of ECOWAS protocol on free movement in west Africa should be reviewed to limit the movement of miscreants across borders amongst others.

The lack of ample amount of literature, limited size of the study group in the available studies and relating the potential clinical applications of variation of origin of inferior phrenic artery has validated the study so that additional information could be added to the present literature. Objective: Few dedicated studies have been available demonstrating variations in the origin of inferior phrenic in the present growing era of intervention radiology. The cause has been satisfied by studying a group of 100 patients and reviewing the available literature. Methods: A group of 100 patients that were the potential liver and renal donors were studied in a 40 slice CT scanner as pre transplant evaluation in the Department of Radiology, Institute of nuclear medicine and allied sciences ,Timarpur ,New Delhi. Results: The right inferior phrenic arteries arise from abdominal aorta in 41(42%) of cases, celiac axis 50(50%) ,right renal artery 7(7%) and from left gastric in 2(2%) of cases. The left inferior phrenic arise from aorta in 38(38%) of cases, celiac axis in 55(52%) of cases, left renal artery 4(4%),left gastric artery in 3(3%) of cases. Conclusion: The importance of the IPA is not limited to the arterial supply to the diaphragm . Practically any hepatic neoplasm (including metastatic disease to the liver) may receive blood supply from the IPA. Literature have been reviewed regarding variation in origin of inferior phrenic artery and its implication in surgical intervention. KEYWORDS: Inferior phrenic artery, diaphragm

Humanistic education can build students’ humanistic literacy which including freedom of thought, moral autonomy and personal authenticity. In higher physics education, both science literacy and humanistic literacy should be developed. The higher physics education can enhance the blend of scientific education and humanistic education, and promote the harmonious development between scientific literacy and humanistic literacy.