Archives-June... 

Heavy metals found in municipal wastewater can cause many problems for human hygiene and environment. So that it should be decontaminated from heavy metals before being used in irrigation. Many materials such as shall, alginate and iron oxide were used to remove heavy metals (Pb and Cd) from municipal wastewater. The results showed that, shall had the highest efficiency than the other materials in removing Pb and Cd from polluted water. Artificial polluted water was prepared by diluting stock solution of Pb and Cd of concentration of 1000 mg/l using distilled water. The prepared Pb and Cd polluted solutions had concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 mg/l. The remedy agents were added to polluted water at ratios of 1:100, 1:1000 and 1:10000. The solutions were gently agitated to equilibrium periods of 2, 6, 12 and 24hr. Generally, the efficiency of remedy agents to remove heavy metals increased as the addition ratio increased. Percentages of Pb removed by mudstone at addition ratio of 1:1000 were 86 and 32.8% for 10 and 50 mg Pb/l, respectively, in a reaction period of 2 hrs. Regarding Cd, the removal % was 84 and 66.4 for 5 and 50 mg Cd/l, respectively, in 2 hrs. On the other hand, the Percentage of Pb removed by iron oxide and alginate were as low as 0 and 30 %, respectively. Generally for all treatments, the removal efficiency decreased as heavy metal concentration in polluted water increased. Shall was the most effective material in decontamination of heavy metals polluted water and it could be recommended to be used to decontaminate wastewater.

Two composites - 1) Molybdenum dicarbonate-filter paper and 2) Molybdenum dicarbonate-activated carbon were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis EDX. Using the method of UV-visible spectroscopy, the removal efficiences and adsorption capacities of these composites towards the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution were compared. The findings of the MB adsorption with these composites (I and II) indicated equilibrium adsorption in less than 5 minutes. Composites I and II have MB removal efficiencies of 87% and 96.25%, respectively, and their estimated adsorption capacities at 20°C are 432 mg g-1 and 481 mg g-1. The adsorption process of MB onto Molybdenum dicarbonate-filter paper (composite I) suited well with the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetics and conformed to intraparticle diffusion model for Molybdenum dicarbonate-activated carbon composite (composite II). Adsorption of MB onto composite I aligned with both Freundlich model and Tempkin models due to higher values of correlation coefficients and fitted well with Langmiur model for composite II. Adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The adsorption results revealed that these composites could be employed as effective adsorbents to remove dyes from industrial effluents.

In this study a quick summary for the back-hole theory was presented. It was presented earlier in from of graduation project at university of Bahri, college of applied and industrial sciences department of physics, Khartoum, Sudan by the second author and under supervision of the first author. Black holes were once a star shining for years, before eventually collapse on their core forming the BH. There are three cases for a star non stable end is either a white dwarf, a neutron star or a black hole which is completely depend on the mass of the previous star which are called a compact star due to their highly condensation states. In this paper a quick summary for the theory was presented.

Automobile industries have been considered in India is very largest sector across the globe. This sector involves large number of production involving the bikes and cars annually in order to fulfill their large population. This research paper examines the role of GST by study the benefits and challenges that imposed on the automobile sector. In this Study, 250 passenger car owners’ opinions are collected and analyzed by adopting descriptive research design methodology. The review paper highlights the analysis on the impact of GST which would bring changes in the indirect taxation system of India. This paper has shown the aspects of the automobile dealers for indirect taxation leading to pay the taxes at the specific time. The paper also involves the background and theory of GST and its impact on the automobile sectors in India along with certain repercussions.

As Indian masses entered the freedom movement, British changes tack. Shortly after the Russian revolution, the cunning British declared their aim in India, was “gradual development of self-governing institutions with a view to the progressive realisation of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British empire”. Russia first became interested in India?s freedom struggle after the cataclysmic war of 1857. It was sparked by Indian soldiers revolting against the British east India Company. However, it was Trotsky who did many efforts to grant substantial help to India. In fact his writings reveal that he was abreast with India?s democratization and always criticized British imperialist reign over India. Moreover, from Soviet Union the whole leadership made cumulative efforts to unreel India from an oppressive rule of British. Most of the existing published material pertaining to the topic has been studied in order to extract pieces of information that were found relevant for the Research work. Along with that, historical method has been used to have in-depth insight for the background and nature of the India?s Independence Struggle and USSR. An Objectives are to Study how India got inspiration from USSR during and before their freedom struggle and to Study Gandhiji?s approach towards Soviet leaders.

In recent years communication network has been undergoing major changes in network architecture and services. Network must be designed for flexibility and adaptability with respect to access topology and routing. The system should operate well under the variety of unexpected condition and node failures. Under such situation the shortest path table must be updated properly. Many traditional algorithms were used has several drawbacks .In order to resolve that drawbacks, a New VLSI based routing network model is proposed for routing which can handle component failures. The learning algorithm for routing is developed using cost function to be minimized to find the optimized path. It is simulated and synthesized using Verilogpro and Leonardo spectrum. Also it has been analyzed using c.

This paper aims to compare some routing protocols in Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). A MANET is a dynamic network in which collection of mobile nodes forms a temporary network without using any existing centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. The availability of routes at an instant can increase or decrease due to mobility of nodes. Therefore, the path availability and stability of routes at an instance is an issue in an Ad-hoc network. To support these types of issue in MANET, many routing protocols are designed, such as AODV, DSR, DSDV, FSR, DYMO, LAR etc. In this paper, we analyzed three different types of routing protocols: DSR, DYMO and FSR using QualNet 5.0.2 simulator. Several simulations were conducted in different traffic patterns (CBR and FTP) to analyze the performance of these routing protocols on the basis of performance matrices such as end-to-end dealy, jitter and throughput.

This article intends to study The Island of Dr.Moreau written by H.G. Wells in the light of scapegoat archetype. In this process, Carl Jung's theory of the archetypes or pre-existence forms and collective unconscious as their storehouse is benefitted to offer a sound understanding of the nature of archetype. In addition, Sir James Frazer's exposition of the probable reasons and relevant rituals to the sacrificial scapegoat are presented. In this study, the attempt is made to examine the unconscious belief in the significance of scapegoating in reviving peace.

The forest ecosystem of BAGBASENDE village in TSHOPO province, DRC was a target to bring a comparative study of insects between the two seasons in two forest types (intact and disturbed), with four traps that we used to capture insects In the case of the light traps, fermented bait aerial traps, pot barbers and invertebrate traps, the species richness in the wet season was higher than in the dry season; the Shannon index gave a high value in the wet season and the Wilcoxon statistical test gave a significant difference between the two seasons.

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare condition related with non negligible risks to mother and foetus. It can occur primarily or secondary to tubal abortion or rupture with implantation of the conceptus in the peritoneal cavity. We present a case of a 39 years old woman in her second pregnancy, with 33 weeks amenorrhea, which was admitted with abdominal pain and blackish bleeding. The ultrasonography revealed a foetal death located in the abdomen and the ct scan confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was successfully managed.