Archives-June... 

Tunnels represent a key part of the world transportation system playing a fundamental role both in people and freight transportation, especially in developed countries. Around the world, most major cities and metropolitan areas have metro systems accounting for hundreds of kilometers of underground tunnels and network systems. This study presents the pressure losses in ventilation systems of a long circular tunnel using for a metro purpose length of 700m, and diameter 6.6m, K.M.R.C., Kolkata has been vividly studied and presented in this dissertation. The tunnel which is being driven in the soft soil by using a tunnel boring machine has already developed up to a length of 700m and till the excavation is going on to continue. Auxiliary ventilation is adopted to ventilate the tunnel with the help of an axial-flow fan connected to a duct of approximately 680m in length. The various ventilation related parameters, viz. air quantity, pressure and temperature of the air in various locations inside the tunnel have been studied. In addition, we emphasize the pressure losses in tunnels in various locations i.e., to consider as bend taking place has been calculated. In the Kolkata metro, there is an earth pressure balance TBM is used. EPB excavation provides continuous support to the tunnel face by balancing the earth pressure against the forward pressure of the machine, and the advancement rate is 15 meters every day. In addition, the pressure losses in various tunnel configurations have been computed from the empirical relations as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The aim of this project work is to correlate the values of pressure losses of analytical results and the computational simulation results with the help of using CFD software and conclude the difference of graph plotted to assess the adequacy of the tunnel and suggest a few measures to improve the ventilation inside the tunnel for building a cordial environment and enhancing the tunneling operation. This study suggests that pressure losses in field study and CFD simulation are approximately the same.

The main objective of the present study is to predict the ultimate strength of PVC-concrete composite columns (a new type of composite columns consisting of a PVC tube filled with concrete). The study aimed at to investigate the potential of using fuzzy inference system (FIS) to predict the strength of the composite columns. Two models, Mamdani and Sugeno FIS model, having three inputs, one output, and twenty linguistic rules were constructed. The models were trained with input and output data. Using only the input data in trained models, the ultimate strengths values of PVC-concrete composite columns were found. According to the coefficients of correlations, both models have high prediction performance. The obtained values ewre very close to the experimental results. The average values of ratios of experimental to predicted ultimate loads were 0.994 and 0.999 for the Mamdani and Sugeno FIS model, respectively. Fuzzy inference system (FIS) model has been proved to be very effective in predicting the ultimate strength of PVC-concrete composite columns without attempting any experiments in a quite short period of time with tiny error rates.

A graph with n vetices is said to have a prime labeling if the vertices can be labeled with first n positive integers such that each pair of adjacent vertices are relatively prime. The present work in prime labeling focuses on finite simple undirected graphs, in particular on complete bipartite graphs. Our results are analogous to those stated by A. H. Berlineer et al., where they considered prime and coprime labeling of complete bipartite graphs while ours are for prime labeling of complete tripartite graphs. In our work, we have proved prime labeling for the general case K_(1,m,n), where m,n are positive integers. Further, some non-existing cases have been proved.

The aquatic environment is continuously at the mercy of man's negative impact pollution activities. Three tropical species a: Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus), b: Croaker fish (Micropogonias undulates), c: Catfish (Bagrus bayad) of the fish usually available in Nigeria was purchased, analyzed for proximate and heavy metal composition. The aim of this study is to determine the proximate analysis and heavy metals composition in the three species of fish. The fish samples were cut into chunks using the ratio of 3:1 of HCl and HNO3 to digest it. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotoscopy (ICP-OES) was used for heavy metal quantification. The results of the proximate analysis for tilapia fish, Croaker fish and Catfish showed that the crude protein (17.29, 15.34, 11.03) %, ash content (0.88, 0.88, 0.97) %, total carbohydrate (CHO) (15.39, 11.08, 12.50) %, Crude lipid (7.28, 8.79, 10.35) %, and moisture content (59.18, 63.88, 65.17) % respectively. The estimated concentrations of heavy metals analysed for the Tilapia Fish, Croaker fish and catfish are Pb, Ba, Cr, Zn. The concentrations of the heavy metals determined are in order of Pb > Ba > Cr > Zn. The results of the proximate analysis obtained are in close argument with that in the literature which ranges from (0.065, 0.051, 0.051) % (0.046, 0.042, 0.042) %, (0.010, 0. 053, 0.007) % (0.028, 0.001, 0.041) % for crude protein, ash content, total carbonhydrate, and crude lipid respectively. In conclusion, the protein, lipid, CHO, fiber and moisture content in three (3) fish species Oreochromis niloticus, Micropogonias undulates, Bagrus bayad and the heavy metal determined varies among the different fish species and the highest percentage values for Pb, Ba, Cr and Zn are 0.061 %, 0.046 %, 0.053 % and 0.041 % respectively.

Substance use disorders include substance abuse and substance dependence. Abuse refers to a maladaptive pattern of substance use not amounting to dependence, but lending to harmful consequences in personal, situational, social and interpersonal areas. The term substance dependence is related to physiological and behavioral symptoms of substance use. It is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena in which the use of a substance or a class of substances takes on a much higher priority for a given individual than other behaviors that once had greater value. Substance abuse may lead to addiction or substance dependence. Dependence almost always implies abuse, but abuse frequently occurs without dependence, particularly when an individual first begins to abuse a substance. Dependence involves physiological processes while substance abuse reflects a complex interaction between the individual, the abused substance and society. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of general self-efficacy, stressful events, style of coping and perceived support in a group of treated alcohol dependents but currently having a relapse to determine whether or not they differ from non-relapsed, on any of the measures. In sample, one group consists of forty patients who were diagnosed as ADS according to ICD – 10 criteria and currently either admitted at Alcohol De-addiction Centers, or seen at the OP Clinic for a relapse formed the experimental group (RLPS Group). In second group of forty patients who were met ADS criteria and currently abstinent for more than one year formed the control group (N-RLPS Group). The tools used in this study are Michigan Alcohol Screening Test, The General Self-Efficacy Scale, Presumptive stressful life events scale, Ways of Coping scale (revised) and Multi dimensional Scale of perceived social support were used for both the groups. The results indicated that, statistically significant positive correlation found between social support on self efficacy and significant negative correlation found between social support and stressful life events. It provided further evidence in support of the importance of certain clinical and psychosocial factors in relapse in substance dependence.

Now a day’s urban women are more conscious about beauty and beauty products. The present study was carried out to know the awareness and frequency of usage of hair care products by women in Hyderabad city through adopting ex post facto research design. By using simple random sampling technique 60 respondents belonged to the age group of 20-40 and another 60 belonged to the age group of 40-60 years who are using hair care products were selected, thus making a total of 120 respondents. Chi-square test was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Results revealed that most of the respondents used hair oil followed by shampoos and conditioners. The least used hair care products were hair spray and hair gel. Around ninety-seven per cent of respondents were aware about hair care products. Herbal hair care products were more preferred followed by Ayurvedic and chemical in case of hair care products. Most of the hair care product users got influenced with quality of the products, family members and quality followed by personal experience, Television advertisements, peer group and brand name.

Rapunzel syndrome is defined by the presence of a gastric trichobezoar that extends beyond into the small intestine. It is an uncommon pathology, which mainly affects female patients. The association with intussusception is rare. Here we report the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with Rapunzel syndrome complicated by intussusception. She was then operated on with satisfying post-operative results and recovery

The concept of martyr in the sacred defense literature of Iran one of the valuable concepts that is links the audience to religious and religious beliefs and flies the spirit of the audience from the depths of the beginning of the universe point and after exalting it take to the moment of again graft and connect at the end point. Looking at the history of the eight years of the imposed war, it can be seen that presence of enthusiastic forces and lover and martyrdom young people is one of the most effective factors in the resistance and victory of eight years of Islamic Iran which sacrificed their lives to defend the territorial integrity of the country and the sacred soil of the homeland and their admirable resistance against the enemies figured unique scenes of sacrifice, martyrdom and love which obvious footprint of writers, poets and authors in recording epics and sacrifices is quite evident at this time and it was essential to do this and tolerance, tolerance and failure in this necessity will have a huge amount of loser.

This study was designed to explore personality Big Five factors i.e. Agreeableness, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism relationships with Emotional Intelligence. The research was carried out to in two parts, part one was concerned with the pilot study. For this a random sample of 80 students from four public and private universities was collected. To measure the personality big five factors of universities students the Mini Marker Set of 40 item was used and for Emotional Intelligence TEQue-SF of 30 items was used. In order to determine the psychometric properties of research questionnaires various statistical analysis were performed. Result showed that all items of both scales were significantly correlated with their respect total scales. Part 2 was consisted of main study; the sample of the main study was collected through stratified random sampling. The sample was consisted of 200 students among them 67 male and 133 female students. All of them were studying at the Master level, their ages ranged from 17 years to 27 years, among them 88 from management sciences, 78 from social sciences and 34 from humanities. After the data collection it was analyzed with alpha reliability, coefficient correlations, percentile, mean and SD. The result revealed that personality factors Agreeableness, Extraversion and Openness were positively correlated with emotional intelligence whereas Neuroticism was negatively correlated with emotional intelligence personality factor Conscientiousness have insignificant correlated to emotional intelligence. The private sector universities students have higher score on extraversion and lower score on conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness as compare to public universities students. Students of public sector universities have low score on emotional intelligence as compared with students of private university students.

The present study examined the relationship between self-efficacy and locus of control in light of gender differences among college students. The data of 80 college students (40 males & 40 females) were drawn from in and around Fatehgarh Sahib. General Self-efficacy Scale & Rotter’s Locus of control Scale were used for the study. The t-test and correlation analysis were used for statistical investigation. Results indicated that a significant negative relationship has been found between self-efficacy and locus of control. Overall, males had higher level of self-efficacy as compared to females. Also, male students reported more internal locus of control than females.