Archives-June...  

Collection of 13 leaves from Capsicum annuum L. was taken for the observation of symptoms caused by Alternaria solani on date 15/12/2020. Size of leaves noted between 6.88 sq. cm. to 31.96 Sq.cm and Maximum number of spots was 18. The other symptoms shoot out, half lamina absent (in leaf), swelling of green tissue along with yellow spot with white mycelium, giving powdery mass in some leaves were common. Anatomical study was done on Date 25/12/2020 at 2-3 P.M in the laboratory, Department of Botany, M.M.A.M.CAMPUS, BIRATNAGAR

Leg fractures are very common, accounting for 15 to 20% of all fractures [1, 2]. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and lesion-related aspects of leg fractures at the referral hospital. This was a single-center, retrospective and prospective study. Patients were admitted between March 2018 and May 2020 for open or closed fractures of the tibia or both lower leg bones. The information collected included, for the epidemiological component, sex and age, and for the lesion-related component, the etiological characteristics of the fracture, medical and surgical history, admission time, clinical signs at admission, and radiological characteristics of the injuries, including injuries associated with the leg fracture. We used the Gustilo-Anderson and the Osteosynthesis Association classifications as classifications. During the study period, we recorded 846 admissions to the trauma and orthopedic surgery department of the HGR, 90 of which (10.63%) had a leg fracture as the reason for admission; these were the subject of our study. The average age of the patients was 34.58 years and male sex (85.6%) predominated. Women represented 14.4% of the patients. The etiologies were dominated by road traffic accidents (65.6%), which affected more young adults, women being more prone to domestic accidents. In 83% of cases, two-wheelers (motorcycles) were involved in the occurrence of leg fractures. The patient admission time was less than 12 hours. In our series, two patients had a medical history, including 1 hypertensive patient and another hypertensive and diabetic, (2.2%). Only one patient had a history of surgery (1.1%). He was operated on for a fracture of the right leg. Functional signs (pain and functional impotence) were present in almost all patients. Only 7.8% did not present deformity of the affected limb on admission. The right side was the most affected with 56.7% (n=51), its middle third (34.45%) most often; the left side was affected in 42.2% (n=38) and 1 patient with bilateral involvement (1.1%). Open fractures (24.4%) were less represented than closed fractures (75.6%) and among open fractures, 54.6% were classified as type II according to the Gustilo-Anderson classification. Types I and III represented 18.3% and 27.2% respectively (IIIA=22.7; IIIB=4.5%). The most common type of displacement was overlapping, and according to the Osteosynthesis Association (AO) classification, type 42A3 was the most common, with 32.22% (n=29). Femoral injuries had the highest incidence of associated injuries. Conclusion: In the Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department of the HGR, leg fractures were more common in young males with road traffic accidents. Patient admission times varied considerably. Open fractures were less common and were dominated by type 2 fractures according to GA. Type 42A3 of the AO classification was more common, and the most frequently identified displacement was overlapping.

We report a case of bladder leiomyosarcoma. This is a rare infiltrating bladder tumor, highly malignant, very poor prognosis due to a very early loco regional invasion. Only the pathological examination can bring positive diagnosis. The therapeutic modalities for this histological type are not codified. However treatment is mainly based on surgical excision Solid sometimes preceded by chemotherapy when the patient's condition.

Most developing countries embarked on trade liberalisation at the prescription of Bretton Wood institutions. Zambia abandoned planned economy with strong interventionist and developmental objectives in the tourism sector. The country delved deeper into neoclassical, neoliberal economic policies such as Mercantilism, Absolute Advantage, Comparative Advantage, Heckscher-Ohlin Factor Endowment, and Porter’ s Diamond when formulating the Tourism Development Policies. The key beneficiaries of this new public management approach to development, remains multi- national corporations within the hospitality sector in particular and tourism in general at the expense of local lodge owners. The key findings in this paper highlight poor real growth in the sector, inadequate occupancy rate of lodges, reduces break even and expansion of the sector, increase in foreign investors, lack of expansion of locally owned lodges, dwindling market share and fewer and fewer new lodges being established since the liberalisation of the sector. This paper argues that new public management approach to development drawn from neoclassical and neoliberal theories of trade are responsible for poor policy choices.

Table of contents for the month of February 2023

As we know radium cutting through PC is readily available from that, we got the idea of our project i.e. "Low cost, thermocol cutter". In this project the microcontroller is the backbone of the hardware circuitry. All the controlling actions are done by the micro controller. A hot rod basically the soldering gun is used for cutting purpose. Here, the thermocol is not actually cut, but it is melted at a specified temperature with the help of soldering gun. So this project is used for cutting different figures and shapes as per the program of the micro controller. Optocouplers are used to provide isolation between the micro controller and the hardware circuitry. Stepper motors are used for controlling the different directions of different axis. Thickness of the thermocol will depend upon the length of the cutter and its heating capacity. Alphabets and numerical are generally cut using this project but figures of all shapes and sizes can be cut up to the limit of the work platform.

The adopted strategy to overcome the housing shortage crisis in Iran is the mass production. The way forward to accelerate the mass production, is adopting the industrial building systems with the increased prefabrication. One of the most optimal new building systems is Lightweight Steel Framing (LSF) Technology. Parand Residential Complex as the first serious project to industrialize the construction processes in Iran is facing the various problems during the processes of manufacture and execution of LSF components. The research is to offer an optimized model for the manufacture and execution processes of LSF Technology in the constructive projects. So, the manufacture and execution processes of LSF Technology in the research case-study were taken into consideration to recognize the existing advantages and disadvantages. Finally, offering four strategies to compensate the deficiencies and three strategies to intensify the strengths, a model to coordinate these two processes presented.

We describe various misconceptions and misinterpretations concerning presentation of the hysteresis loop for ferromagnets occurring in undergraduate and college textbooks. These problems originate from our teaching a Theoretical solid state / condensed matter physics (TSSP/CMP) course. A closer look at the definition of “coercivity” reveals two distinct notions referred to as the hysteresis loop: B vs. H or M vs. H, which can be easily confused and, in fact, are confused in several textbooks. The properties of the M vs. H type hysteresis loop are often ascribed to the B vs. H type loops, giving rise to various misconceptions. An extensive survey of textbooks at first in the TSSP/CMP area and later extended into the areas of general physics, materials science and magnetism / electromagnetism has been carried out. Relevant encyclopedias and physics dictionaries have also been consulted. The survey has revealed various other substantial misconceptions and/or misinterpretations than those originally identified in the TSSP/CMP area. The results are presented here to help in clarifying the misconceptions and misinterpretations in question. The physics education aspects arising from the textbook survey are also discussed. Additionally, analysis of the CMP examination results concerning questions pertinent to the hysteresis loop is provided.

The magnetic response of transverse wave propagation of double layered nanoplate embedded in an elastic medium is studied employing nonlocal continuum theory. The displacement equation of nanoplate with magnetic and elastic medium is devised with the help of Lorentz force and Winkler elastic foundation. The frequency equations are acquired for nanoplate with simply supported edges. The numerical result reveals that the magnetic strength and elastic medium increases the frequencies of double layered nanoplates. The perfection of the present frequency value is noted by comparing it with the existing literature.

Pakistan is among the top ten countries in the world with large area under citrus orchards. Punjab province is endowed with one of the best Kinnow varieties of the world and Sargodha district has largest share in area and production. The primary data was collected from two tehsils (revenue units) of Sargodha district, namely Sargodha and Bhalwal. The Value Chain Analysis was performed to investigate the marketing inefficiency of Mandarin trade. The study concluded that by decreasing the number of the intermediaries in both form i.e. open and packed, not only the purchased price of the consumer decreased but also producer received high profit.