Archives-J 

The objectives of this paper were to show the impact of corruption on some macroeconomic variables as well as simulate a shock to corruption and view its impact on those variables for the period 1980 to 2010. To achieve these objectives, a VAR model was used, along with its uses namely the impulse response functions and the variance decomposition. Variables used include the GDP, life expectancy, investment, government expenditure, inflation rate, oil revenue, government revenue and corruption. Findings from the simulations using both the impulse response functions and variance decomposition show that corruption explains a considerable portion of economic development. It also shows the negative effects of corruption on economic growth and the indirect effects as well, through other variables of interest especially investment, life expectancy and oil revenue. Conclusions reached show that the effects of corruption on macroeconomic variables are long term in nature and it tends to increase over time. The implication is that if corruption is not tackled aggressively, low economic growth will continue unabated in the country.

Communication is the god given gift that enables intellectual and cultural exchange and builds up our competence in social behaviour. So now we are living in the information age. The internet and cloud computing has taken communication to unimaginable attitudes. Cloud computing entrusts remote services with a user's data, software and computation. But many questions arise when we think of security. Is Cloud computing communication private and security? But encrypted messages can still be tracked revealing who is talking to whom. The term Cloud Computing refers to the concept where the shared servers provide resources such as data, software to the clients. In order to use a Cloud service all you need is a web browser and an internet. The biggest Disadvantage in cloud computing is the data security. Because the data that is being stored in the cloud will be stored in the cloud provider’s server and hence this results in hacking of data by unauthorized person. In the business model using software as a service, users are provided access to application software and databases. The cloud providers manage the infrastructure and platforms on which the applications run. In this paper we gave our proposal, how we can secure our data in cloud computing. Our idea is based on implementing the Spread spectrum Image. Steganography’s (SSIS) in cloud computing platforms .we hope it will be very beneficial for the user who loves cloud platform but hesitating to use because of the data security issue.

We are very happy to announce that from 19th June 2012, Dr. Anukrati Sharma has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Economics and Management. Dr. Anukrati Sharma is currently associated with Biff & Bright College of Technical Education, Jaipur (Raj. ) India. The appointment of Dr. Anukrati Sharma as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 31st December 2011, Dr. Azizi Bin Hj. Yahaya has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Educational Technology. Dr. Azizi Bin Hj. Yahaya is currently working as Associate Professor at Department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education, University Technology Malaysia, Skudai Johor Bahru. The appointment of Dr. Azizi Bin Hj. Yahaya as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 18th April 2013, Dr. Hamed Hamid Muhammed has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Hyperspectral Images. Dr. Hamed Hamid Muhammed is currently working as Division of Informatics, Logistics & Management, School of Technology & Health STH, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Alfred Nobels Alle 10, SE-141 52 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. The appointment of Dr. Hamed Hamid Muhammed as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 19th September 2012, Dr. Seema Verma has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Electronics. Dr. Seema Verma is currently working with Associate Professor, Department of Electronics, Banasthali University, Rajasthan-304022-India. The appointment of Dr. Seema Verma as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 22nd December 2012, Dr. Vuda Sreenivasarao has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Network Security and Artificial Intelligence. Dr. Vuda Sreenivasarao is currently working as Professor in Department of Computer and Information Technology, Defence University College, Deberziet, Ethiopia. The appointment of Dr. Vuda Sreenivasarao as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Lipid abnormalities are common in hemodialysis patients, they are potentially atherogenic. The aim of our work is to study the quantitative changes in lipid parameters and find a correlation between dyslipidemia and the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in chronic hemodialysis patients followed in our training. We conducted a prospective study in 36 chronic hemodialysis patients for at least one year, non-diabetic, non-smoking. The dialysis membrane used was helixone. Dyslipidemia was defined by a TG levels > 1.5 g / l and / or a rate of CT> 2g / l. The mean age was 45.53 ± 13.42 years , 30.5 % were overweight. Causal nephropathy was undetermined in 55.6 % of cases. The quality of the dialysis was characterized by a KT / V Average 1.12 ± 0.21. Dyslipidemia was present in 66.5 % of our patients. Sixty-seven percent of patients had LVH. An analytical study was carried out between the group of patients with LVH (group I) and those who had not (group II). We found a significant increase of TG (p = 0.001) (2.14 ± 0.76 vs 1.19 ± 0.21) , the rate of CT ( p = 0.001) (2.31 ± 0.66 vs 1.20 ± 0.32) , the rate of LDL-C (p = 0.001) (1.83 ± 0.38 vs 0.89 ± 0.23) and CLDL / CHLD ratio (p = 0.001) ( 5.41 ± 1.98 vs 2.09 ± 0.83 ) and a significant decrease in the rate of HDL-C (0.36 ± 0.11 vs 0.47 ± 0.16 ) in group I by compared to group II. Nineteen percent of patients were on statin. No complication of rhabdomyolysis was observed. Assessment of lipid profile should be integrated into the strategy for the management of chronic hemodialysis since cardiovascular risks they are exposed.

The present study investigates the relationship between corporate governance profile of acquiring firms and operating performance changes associated with merger and acquisitions in political uncertainty in Nepal. The financial sector mergers and acquisitions have been selected as sample transactions for the period of 2008 to 2011 and two years pre- and post-merger analysis has been conducted by using OLS regression. The estimated results indicated that post-merger operating performance of acquiring firms is positively related to its pre-merger level. Moreover, board size and CEO duality are negatively while board independence, outside dominated boards, and presence of large independent block holder are positively related to change in post-merger operating performance of acquiring firms in Nepal. The results were also robust with an alternative dependent variable of change in market value of acquiring firms. The results from replaced dependent variable were found to be more strong and cohesive with corporate governance profile of acquiring firms. Aligned with the existing literature, the study concluded that effective corporate governance mechanism does play its role in aligning the interests of managers with shareholders and enhances value for firms, particularly in large scale transactions of mergers and acquisition.

In mobile communications, the need to improve the quality of service and to predict the minimum signal power required for transmission has attracted a great deal of research attention. In this paper, the ITU-R adopted Walfisch-Bertoni (W/B) pathloss model for IMT-2000 third generation (3G) mobile networks standard, is enhanced based on experimental campaigns conducted in two CDMA2000 networks transmitting at 800MHz frequency band in South-South, Nigeria. In this enhancement method, W/B is modified to incorporate secondary knife edge diffraction and multipath reflection loss due to the buildings and objects nearest the mobile down the street. The proposed pathloss models indicate improved prediction accuracy compared to the original W/B model in terms of root mean square and relative error analysis.