Archives-J 

Power has been an important issue for the present day microelectronic circuits of Soc designs. In the entire phase of design controlling power and dealing with power dissipation is very important. There are six leakage components in a MOS transistor. About 50 % of the total power consumption is through leakage components alone. Out of this 40 % power dissipation is through transistors. Out of them subthreshold leakage and gate leakage are of important concern for sub 100 nm devices. In this work we presented the main leakages in a 6T- SRAM cell. Later we presented an existing variable body biasing method and its performance. We proposed two novel methodologies HSVR, GSVE to reduce the subthreshold and gate leakage components. These methods are toplogy based leakage reduction methods applied for leakage reduction in the circuit level. We observed considerable reduction of both the components through the proposed methods.

In submerged arc welding (SAW), selecting appropriate values for process variables is essential in order to control heat-affected zone (HAZ) dimensions and get the required bead size and quality. Also, conditions must be selected that will ensure a predictable and reproducible weld bead, which is critical for obtaining high quality. In this investigation, mathematical models were developed to study the effects of process variables and heat input on various metallurgical aspects, namely, the widths of the HAZ, weld interface, and grain growth and grain refinement regions of the HAZ. The color metallography technique and response surface methodology were also used.The thermal effect of Submerged Arc that specially depends on the electrical arc, flux type and temperature field of it in workpiece, is the main key of analysis and optimization of this process, from which the main goal of this paper has been defined. Numerical simulation of welding process in SIMPELC method and by ANSYS software for gaining the temperature field of copper, the effect of parameter variation on temperature field and process optimization for different cases of Submerged Arc are done. The influence of the welding parameter for each mode on the dimensions and shape of the welds and on their ferrite contents is investigated.

An efficient and adequate transportation system is one of the key indicators of a nation’s prosperity, its developmental status and overall economic growth. The roads pass through areas with extreme climatic conditions from heavy rainfall to desert conditions; diverse terrains from plains to extremely high mountains, plateaus and varying soil grades, rocky and gravelly to marshy land. Over the past four decades, the share of total rail and road traffic carrying passengers and goods is gradually increasing because of fast and ever-increasing industrial, commercial, and other socioeconomic development activities, the road transport vehicle population, especially the vehicles carrying goods, has also increased phenomenally during this period. Because of economies in road transportation, overloading by truck operators is common. The majority of the arterial road system experiences overloading, as much as 18 to 20-tonne axle loads versus the permissible legal limit of 10.2 tonnes. The existing road network has shown signs of premature distress because of the unexpected demands of growing traffic volume and heavier axle loads. The network has fallen short of its structural capacity and hence it is greatly overstrained. The majority of allocated funds are utilized for providing maintenance and rehabilitation measures to the existing network rather than for new construction. With this background, in the present study, a road section is identified in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh to carry out the pavement performance study on distresses. For the selected stretch, data was collected on rutting, ravelling, potholes, edge failures, traffic, etc. The detailed analysis was performed using NCSS statistical tool and to develop a pavement performance model for the selected stretch.

Jhansi is located in the plateau of central India, an area dominated by rocky reliefs and minerals underneath the soil. Barua Sagar is a historical place located about 25 km from Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh, India.  It is situated on the bank of the Betwa River; the place is named after the Barua Sagar Taal, a large lake created about 260 years ago when Raja Udit Singh of Orchha built the embankment. Present study has been undertaken to investigate the physico-chemical properties of Barua Sagar lake water to assess the utility of lake water for fish production, irrigation, drinking and aesthetic purposes etc. Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied in Barua sagar  Lake,  using different water quality parameters ( Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, Sodium, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical  Oxygen Demand(COD), Nitrate, Chloride, Iron, Free residual Chlorine, Fluoride, TS, TDS and TSS). The water body is divided in to five sites for proper sampling and collection of water sample from whole lake. The impact of various anthropogenic activities was evident on some parameters such as the EC, BOD and DO. It is suggested that regular monitoring of the lake water quality is necessary for proper management.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-neuroradiological entity characterized by headache, vomiting, altered mental status, blurred vision and seizures as well as images suggesting white-gray matter edema involving mostly in posterior regions of the central nervous system as seen by magnetic resonance image. The risk factors are malignant hypertension, eclampsia, chemotherapy agents, chronic renal failure, bone marrow transplantation. We present a case of 22 yr primi para who had normal delivery five days back without preeclampsia or eclampsia which is very rare.

Today, use of techniques such as information aggregation and design of homogenous and integrated systems in the organizations have been turned into critical case. Selection of suitable tools and system for implementation of information aggregation structures and information fetching and access model with emphasis on knowledge management is one of the managerial considerations in usefulness of hidden and unhidden knowledge in the organizations. In order to implement knowledge management based information system, there is need for a systematic and long-term approach, but one can implement some degrees of this system with equipment available in the organizations. In this article, we present a combined model of knowledge management in organizational information databases information aggregation while studying concept of information aggregation and knowledge management with strategic look. What is important is that knowledge management will be used as an important but not main factor. For compiling information database architecture, techniques relating to XML and information saving have been regarded textual. Y7g bIn order to assess and optimize the compiled model, genetic algorithm techniques has been used. In the presented model, four operational modules have been specified on which basis 15 genes have been identified and genes are assessed and optimized with regard to theory of experts and final model was compiled on the basis of final output resulting from optimization.

A left alternative ring R satisfying (x,y,z) + (y,z,x) +(z,x,y) = 0 is (1,0) ring. Where as if R satisfies (R,(R,R))=0 then R is called a strongly (1,0) ring. All (1,0) rings are not strongly (1,0) rings. But strongly (1,0) rings are (1,0) . In this paper, it will be proved that a prime (1,0) ring of characteristic 2,3 is either associative or strongly (1,0) ring.

 Disputes have existed in all cultures, religions, and societies since time immemorial, as long as humans have dwelt the earth. Nations, groups, and individuals have tried throughout history to manage conflicts in order to minimize the negative and undesirable effects that dispute may pose. Disputes can develop in any situation where people interact, in every situation where two or more persons, or groups of people, perceive that their interests are opposing, and that these interests cannot be met to the satisfaction of all the parties involved. The phrase dispute resolution is simply a collection of procedures intended to prevent, manage or resolve disputes and refers procedures ranging from negotiation to state sanctioned mechanisms called litigation. As volume of international economic transactions rise, resultant disputes require efficient and effective resolutions. There are many regional and international investment and commercial dispute resolution centers. By relying on secondary data sources and qualitative data description and analysis, this article firmly argues that Addis Ababa which is capital city of both Ethiopia and Africa has great prospect to become regional commercial and investment dispute resolution center. It suggests also that all concerned bodies should act to tap this opportunity.

This research study investigates the possibilities of "Re-engineering the objective of this study therefore, was to find out the major causes of the problems of low performance of the public enterprises, seek for the possible means of re-engineering the system and to determine how the public enterprises can assume a "going concern" identity after the process. Questionnaire was designed for the collection of data and ANOVA statistical test was used for the analysis of data. It was observed that public enterprises were impoverished by the leadership style of management and bureaucratic tendencies and the culture of the people that gave rise to corruption, abuses, impunity, etc, that the only thing that can salvage the system is entrenching a new public- management (NPM) where the elements of private sector system are put in place to abolish the old bureaucratic public service system. It was however recommended that government should grant autonomy of funds and management to public enterprises with adequate supervision for control, checks and balances, reward performing officers and punish deviant ones.

This paper introduces the potential use of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) as natural coarse aggregates replacement in concrete design. RCA is obtained from the demolition and waste of old building. RCA is suggested to be used as substitution for natural coarse aggregates in new concrete mixture in order to reduce the consumption of natural resources. In the pass research towards RCA suggested that by replacing natural coarse aggregates by RCA can be more environmental friendly and reducing the consumption of natural resources. This paper will be pointed on the further study on the various relative range of RCA replacement in concrete design. In this study, the percentage of replacement is undertaken by specimens 0% (control specimens), 15%, 30%, 60% and 80% by weight. Compressive strength test, flexural strength test, density test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test will be carried according to British Standards.