Archives-J 

Estimating the design flood is one of the main steps in designing and measuring different structures and hydraulic facilities which could be conducted in different ways. In cases where the saving capacity of the system would be significant or period of the design flood would be long (For example in designing the overflow of dams), using mathematical models for converting the design rain into the design flood is a common option. The selected design rain which will generate the design flood should possess some characteristics among which would be the way of rain distribution during raining time which is expressed as the temporal pattern of the design rain. In this study, this method has been employed in order to extract the pattern of the design rain by means of the data related to the stability rain gauge in Jashlobar region and by being supported by pilgrim method in Australia which has had good compatibility and agreement with the climate conditions in Iran and had publicity. According to temporal changes in the intensity of the flood rains, recognizing the precise temporal patterns of the rain in a region is of great importance. In this research, in order to extract the most appropriate temporal patterns, cloudbursts were divided into continuities of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours. Initially, all data and information related to the occurred cloudburstsin the region and the runoff and precipitates samples were taken from the research center of Semnan and the data were categorized through an exact investigation of the status of each cloudburst which led to a division into data related to runoff and the ones without runoff. Thereafter, the suspicious data were omitted and in the next step, the characteristics of the rains were extracted which required the graph of all cloudbursts to be created. At first the characteristics of the cloudbursts and the pattern of the rains distribution through pilgrim method and then the amount of rain in the area in each quarter was specified. Then, the average between the census obtained from both sites were calculated and the graphs of the rain patterns, with and without runoff, were provided and the intersection point of two graphs of erosion and precipitation threshold limit has been determined through adapting the graphs with and without runoff.

The study was carried out for two winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at the Demonstration farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources ,University of Kassala ,Halfa aljadidah. The objective of this to study the effect of sowing date and faba bean cultivar on the icidence of the leaf miner in faba bean. The Four cultivars were Hudeiba93, SML, Bassaber, Elddamer while three sowing dates were 5 November, 20 November and 5 December. Data were recorded for leaf miner infestation and grain yield components (number of pods, weight of 100 seed and seed weight kg /ha ).The results indicated that mean number of mines of L.trifolii in the third sowing date higher than those of first and second sowing dates, respectively. Also ,the highest number of pods per plant (6.27) was recorded in Hudeiba 93 which was significantly higher than SML cultivar. Moreover, the highest seed yield (871kg /ha) was recorded from Eddamer followed by Hudeiba 93(792kg /ha) and Bassaber (755 kg/ha) while lowest seed yield of (571 kg/ha) was recorded from SML. In conclusion, the highest seed yield of 1017kg /ha was recorded in Eddamer at second sowing date.

A computer oriented numerical approach to study the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity of stagnation flow of a micropolar fluid towards a vertical permeable surface is investigated in this study. The external flow impinges normal to the heated plate and we have assumed the viscosity and thermal conductivity as the inverse linear function of temperature. The partial differential equations governing the problem under consideration have been transformed into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations by the similarity transformation and solved them numerically by shooting method. Numerical results are carried out for various dimensionless parameters of the problem especially variable viscosity parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, micro-rotation parameter along with the Prandtl number. The results are presented graphically for velocity distribution, temperature distribution and micropolar distributions for various values of non-dimensional parameters. It is found that the effects of the parameters representing variable property of viscosity and thermal conductivity are significant.

Environment is a very wide term which includes everything in all its manifest forms, on the earth, beneath the earth and above the earth. The natural resources of a nation affect the business activity of every enterprise. Similarly, the functioning of an enterprise has some favorable and some adverse effects on the environment. Hence, there is a need for maintaining accounts of the effects of the activities of a business entity on the environment and on natural resources. Environmental accounting is a faithful attempt to identify and bring to light the resources exhausted and cost rendered reciprocally to the environment by a business corporation. It is henceforth concerned with recording environmental elements. Environmental accounting is still at an early stage of evolution and it is being groomed under the voluntary leadership of a variety of enterprises around the world. During the period of 1981-1990, the emphasis in the accounting literature shifted from ‘social responsibility accounting’ to ‘environmental accounting’, reflecting the strong interest in the latter. From 1990-todate, the emphasis on environmental accounting continues unabated and engages the interest of both academic and practicing accountants, hence accounting and disclosure of environmental matters have been rapidly emerging as an important dimension of corporate reporting. This paper describes the evolution, nature, significance, areas and methodology of environmental accounting and also examines general issues concerned with it. This paper throws light on how corporate are responding to pressures to keep accounting records of the impact that their productive process have on the environment.

This paper introduces the theory of calibration estimator to ratio estimation in stratified systematic sampling scheme and proposes a class of calibration ratio-type estimators for estimating population mean Y ? of the study variable y using auxiliary variable x. The bias and variance of the proposed estimator have been derived under large sample approximation. Calibration Asymptotic optimum estimator (CAOE) and its approximate variance estimator are derived. An empirical study to evaluate the relative performances of the proposed estimator against members of its class is carried out. Analytical and numerical results proved the dominance of the new proposal.

The first instar larvae of Tribolium castaneum were treated with sub-lethal concentrations (LC20 and LC40) of Lufenuron through the culture medium for 2days, 4days, 8days and 16days to investigate total soluble protein content in the larval tissues during development. It was found that for all concentrations tested, there was a significant reduction in total soluble protein content of the treated larvae as compared to that of control. At LC20 and LC40, there was a progressive decrease in the total soluble protein as a function of increase in age of the larvae. Thus sub-lethal concentrations of Lufenuron alter the total soluble protein content of Tribolium castaneum larvae during development there by resulting in developmental abnormalities as observed earlier by Salokhe et al.,(2010).

Concentrations of eight heavy metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined and used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) adopting two different approaches. In the first instant heavy metals that were not detected by the instrument is assigned zero concentration. In the second instance, these heavy metals were assigned the limit of detection of the instrument as if they were present to that extent. The two approaches used in the computation of HPI for the groundwater based on the mean concentrations of the selected heavy metals and the limit of detection of the instrument gave similar results. The HPI of the groundwater was generally below the critical value of 100 with the exception of one point which has an overcritical HPI value of 102.97.

Incorrect classification of risks or Policyholders can lead to the wrong choice for insurer, and in individual accident insurance, analyzing risk and determining premiums are based on the individual jobs in a job class. Therefore, the risk of the false classification of risks and Policyholders can lead to significant financial losses for insurance companies or policyholders. So in order to recognize and optimize the classification of job`s risk and thus determine a reasonable price for the policy insurance, the frequency and severity of losses can be considered as determining variables. In this study the collected data from Dana Insurance Company database, were entered in the SOM neural network in the form of three variables to assess the occupational risk. After reaching the overview of clustering resulted from SOM, and determining the optimal number of clusters based on Silhouette index, the separation of final clusters using different algorithms, K-Means and TwoStep, was done. Finally, the precise rules found for describing the outputs of the algorithms based on C5.0 algorithm with accuracy of 100%. Due to the overlapping clusters, there was no possibility of allocating jobs to different occupational classes. There is also another notable result and that is the significant negative correlation between the two factors, the current risk level and the damage ratio (the ratio of claims paid to premiums received)

Cloud computing is ready to transform the structure of businesses. There will be abundance of service suppliers, as well as international players like Google, and Amazon who can roll out their Indian plans. With the concept of ‘Digital India’, it will provide an important push to enterprises to switch to the cloud computing. For India, it is an immediate helpful impact for small to medium sized businesses (SMBs) across the country. This paper explains regarding the opportunities and future of cloud computing in India and the way businesses will get changed with developed infrastructure and how get benefited from it.

Rice is an important crop that plays a vital role in diets and economy of farmers in Katsina-Ala in northcentral Nigeria. In this study, Fuzzy set theory, parametric and limitation models were applied to determine the suitability of Katsina-Ala flood plains for rice production. Soils of two pedons were analyzed and the characteristics used as inputs in the model application. The result showed variability of suitability of the land qualities. Climate, soil depth and flood duration were highly suitable (S1= 95). Texture was moderate (S2). Soil pH and available P ratings showed currently not suitable (N1=20) for both pedons. Soil organic carbon was moderately suitable (S2) but most critical in the normalized pairwise comparison matrix. Salinity (EC) and CEC suitability was moderately suitable (S2). Parametric and non-parametric aggregate suitability showed moderate suitability (S2=63.8) for current index with fertility limitations (S2f). The potential index was high suitability (S2) for both pedons. Fuzzy regression between land index and observed rice yield was high (R2 = 0.90). The use of the three models could serve as spatially based decision-making parameters in agricultural land use planning but fuzzy method was recommended based on its relative advantage to other predictors.