Archives-J 

High peak-to-average power ratio of the transmit signal is a major drawback of multi-carrier transmission such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, which causes power inadequacy in Radio Frequency section of the transmitter. This paper describe some of the important PAPR reduction techniques for multi-carrier transmission including amplitude clipping and filtering, partial transmit sequence, selected mapping, and active constellation extension. Among various PAPR reduction techniques, neural network is the most powerful techniques in reducing the PAPR due its good generalization properties with flexible modelling and learning capabilities.

Vibrational spectral analysis of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline (PFA) was recorded using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic techniques in the region 4000-400 cm^-1 and 3500-100 cm^-1, respectively. The equilibrium geometry, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of PFA have been investigated with the help of HF/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) methods. The observed and calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement.

In this analysis , experimental values of densities (?) and dynamic viscosities (?) in the binary mixtures of n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane with diethyl malonate are reported over the whole range of mixture composition at T = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K. From these data, deviations in viscosity (??) and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow (?G*E) have been evaluated. These results were fitted to Redlich–Kister polynomial equations to estimate the fitting coefficients and standard deviation. The results of the viscosity composition are discussed in the light of various viscosity equations suggested by Grunberg-Nissan, Katti-Chaudhri, Heric-Brewer and Hind et al. The deviation of the experimental values of the viscosity of the mixture from the mole fraction mixture law rules, are found to be negative and follow the order n-hexane < n-heptane < n-octane. The experiments on the constituted binaries are analyzed to discuss the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures.

Almost all of us received our income either in the form of salary or profit through business activities. However we must always bear in mind that we cannot work or conduct our business activity for our entire life and there will be a point where we have to stop or retire. Thus it is very important for us to have a proper financial planning. Financial planning is most commonly associated with the main goal of achieving financial freedom which is achievable with a proper investment planning. Some people thought saving and investing are the same things. Nevertheless, each requires a different approach and a different way of judgment and consideration. Saving is usually associated with low risk, low return and sometimes a short term goal. Saving is simply putting aside some of our disposable income for a temporary period of time prior to achieving actual long term goal setting. Saving is a conservative outlay approach, taking very little risk with our money. A bank account or cash management trust is usually sufficient to reach the savings goal.

An adequate blood supply is required for the normal functioning of all organs in the body. However this flow can be impeded due to several reasons, thrombus or clot being a major one. Detection of such clots is done with the help of an imaging technique called “DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY” by transmitting an ultrasound pulse and calculating the frequency of the received signal. If there is no clot the reception is always a homogenous signal, whereas if a certain part being sonographed has a clot the received signal shows a variance in frequency which depends upon the distance from the receiver. Hence blood clot detection in ultrasonography is based on obtaining the frequency variance and applying adaptive thresholding. In this work we propose a ZOOM FFT based technique followed by automated adaptive thresholding to detect the clot. Data files are synthesized by simulation in MATLAB. Also the entire system is developed in a Matlab environment for the system to be both simple and cost-effective. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the system is very high even under noisy conditions.

In an age where existing boundaries of knowledge are constantly challenged by the culture of creativity, English Language Teaching has travelled far from being just a skill-based pedagogy and presented its audience with micro specializations among these skills. With the spread of English as the language of international research and publication, Research Writing as a genre has begun to assume enormous importance. Awareness of its generic features plays a vital role among non-native writers of English since their knowledge of writing in general does not grant them with the ability to handle requirements of research writing genre such as persuasion, argumentation, negotiation, discussion, presentation, etc…The present paper is an attempt to understand the global currency that Research Writing has gained.

In this study, the experiment was conducted using a diesel engine single cylinder four-stroke direct injection, air-cooled. Used in the experiment are four types of fuel: pure diesel, mixture of methanol and diesel by methanol 8% -16% and 24%, three levels of speeds 1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm .we studied in this research The engine performance parameters which included, thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, noise level ,friction power.

The normal distribution is a very commonly occurring continuous probability distribution. Normal distributions are extremely important and are used in the natural and sciences related real valued random variables whose distributions are not really known. In this paper the Bivariate Normal distribution is used and the probability density functions for the exponent term q(x,y) are find out. Here Prolactin and Cortisol are considered as bivariate normal and the typical contour for the corresponding quadratic function q(x,y) for the Acupuncture- Prolactin and Cortisol, Control – Prolactin and Cortisol, Prolactin – Acupuncture and Control and Cortisol – Acupuncture and Control cases in the In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Treatment days is given in the application part. The PDF obtained for the four cases in the In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer treatment is a part of an ellipse with the positive correlation.

The present investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components of the several medicinal plants for their Antimycobactrial activity and GC-MS. The chemical compositions of the ethanol and methanol extracts of the five plants and five essential oil plants were investigated using Hewlett-Packard Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the Wiley and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library or with the published mass spectra. Maximum activity was observed in alcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia, Sida rhombifolia, Morinda citrifolia, Pithecellobium dulce, Allium sativum,, Pinus roxburghii against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and minimum Nardostachys jatamansi, ,Trachyspermum ammi, Lantana camara against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Clay–Ag composite films were based on polyethylene, 0.75 degree and master batch which were produced under the temperature 195-165 degrees Celsius, at 50rpm speed. The morphology and microstructure of the composite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological behavior was investigated by using a ball-on-disk tribometer in vacuum and in humid air. The crystalline Ag phase dispersed in amorphous Clay and the size of the crystalline Ag increased with the Ag content in the films. The mechanical and tribological properties of Clay–Ag composite films varied with the Ag content. At the content of 42 at %Ag, the composite film had the highest microhardness and elastic modulus. The amorphous Clay in the Clay–Ag 42% composite film made the main function during wear, so the film showed the lowest friction coefficient. The friction coefficients of the Clay–Ag composite films in vacuum were lower and more stable than those in humid air, but the environmental sensitivity of tribological behavior decreased obviously due to the addition of Ag in the films.