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In this paper, slow evaporation method was used for the synthesis of 4-aminopyridinium adipate in triclinic crystal system and it was characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Using the X-ray broadening, the crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening were studied by Williamson-Hall plot. The result of mean particle size showed that the particle size increases with the decrease in breadth (in degrees) with mosaic defect. Key words: 4-aminopyridine, adipic acid, Powder X-ray diffraction pattern, Williamson-Hall plot

Teaching is a time – honored process and the teacher is now trying to look for better content presentation skills in the light of recent tendencies to reach theory of teaching through practice in the field of learning. The day of teacher’s exclusive concern with presentation of knowledge on Herbartion lines to form apperceptive mass in the minds of learners has come under careful scrutiny by researchers like J.Piaget, D. Ausuble and Guilford. Now cognitive learning is being understood with greater insight and content presentation has become more thoughtful and technical. The practitioners have gone beyond the organization of concepts in the mind of the learner through presentation techniques. But that is not enough. How the learner moves from his personal concrete experience to reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation of it in real life situation is the new constructivist schemata which compels the thoughtful teacher to travel from his ivory tower of presentation teaching to the earth rooted learner’s constructivist approach to learning.

According to the importance of Iran's position in the Middle East region and the constant presence of outside threats and also due to the geographical dimension and Establishment of earthquake faults, Defense and devise have a vital role in many aspects of normal and Procrustean.it’s necessary to adopt various measures in order to protect vital installations and sites. The purpose of this study was to examine the principles and strategies of passive defense with an open approach to the points of entry to the cities. The analytical and descriptive methods are used in this study. Background of this issue in Iran, Successful experiences and ideas of experts in the field are reviewed after that the strategies of Passive defense in architecture design are studied, finally principles of Passive defense in redesign the points of entry to the cities are presented as a result. It’s expected that the urban systems are maintained and the risk of disruption of transport system is reduced in crisis situations by usage of these principles.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st March 2011, Prof.Adarabioyo,Mumini Idowu has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Statistics. Prof. Adarabioyo,Mumini Idowu is currently working Department of Statistics Achievers University, Owo, PMB 1030, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The appointment of Prof. Adarabioyo,Mumini Idowu as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Since the introduction of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Nigeria, cash handling has really reduced especially for those who live in the city and have easy access to ATM machines by means of their ATM cards. People no longer see the needs to carry excess cash at home when they already have an ATM card since ATM machines can be easily accessible. ATM operation did not turn out to be all rosy as it started out. This research surveys ATM malfunctions in four states in Nigeria to ascertain the nature of malfunction that is prevalent and formulates a modification algorithm/routine that should possibly correct this ATM misfit.

The proximate, minerals and fatty acids composition of sugar ant (Coponotus consubrinus) was conducted. The results showed that it contained high amounts of protein 31.86±0.24%) with moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, carbohydrate levels and energy level being 2.95±0.09%, 4.24±0.11%, 6.49±0.87%, 13.29±0.39%, 41.16±1.55% and 1733.07±0.21KJ/ 100g respectively. The insect was found to be a good source of minerals which contained high proportions of Na, K, P, Ca, Zn and Fe as 121.45±0.45, 83.40±0.45, 107.87±1.50, 18.60±0.58, 15.53±1.03, 15.13±2.64 and 98.27±2.08mg/100g respectively. The results of fatty acids compositions revealed that sugar ant contain 1.08% TUFA/TSFA ratio which indicated that, this insect have lowest desirable level of cholesterol with reduced coronary heart problem. The results of this finding revealed that, this insect could serve as an alternative source of protein, crude fat, carbohydrate and essential minerals needed for a well balanced nutritional diet for humans and as a feed supplement.

E-learning has become an integral component of modern education system. Thus, in order to make teaching-learning effective and result oriented, various e-learning systems and strategies have been developed. In a modern cyber society like ours, updates of knowledge are on full swing. Continuing education and lifelong/social education has accordingly emerged. As a solution to these new education forms and demands, it is proposed to employ a novel e-learning mode, i.e. web-based self-learning, hybrid or blended learning in the existing educational system of all the modern colleges in Saudi Arabia where the infrastructural and other resources are very much accessible. In this research, the paper is intended to assess the relevance of e-learning programs/courses in the department of preparatory year of Jeddah Community College (JCC). While exploring the need and importance of e-learning resources/tools, the following aspects will also be taken into account: feasibilities, types, availability of e-learning tools/resources, and teacher development etc. English language is the main focus for the simple reason that the electronic resources are developed mostly in English and it is the medium of the instruction/examination apart from being the foundation of speciality programs offered at the college. It has been generally found that the modern learners are not much attracted towards the traditional mode of learning. Instead, they would like to choose a learning mode as a fun (such as gaming) which is without any burden and bindings. In this case, distance learning or blended learning mode will be quite useful. Moreover, young Saudi generation is quite friendly with computers, net and sophisticated mode of communication. Therefore, e-leaning is expected to de-burden the 21stentury Saudi learners as the system is easy to access anywhere and anytime.

Gender Based Violence occurs in all socio-economic and cultural setups even in tribal NFHS 3 data shows high percentage of domestic violence among tribes in Jharkhand. Women are socialized to accept, tolerate, and even rationalize domestic violence and to remain silent about such experiences. Various research?s on violence against women shows that Intimate partner violence is associated with negative physical and mental health sequel i.e. depression, low self-esteem, alcohol abuse and sexual and reproductive health issues, and HIV/AIDS. Household survey was administered among respondent age 15-49 years, following two stage sampling design to represent the state. Overall 247 tribal women and 217 men were on Santhal Tribes in Jharkhand. The analysis shows that those who consume alcohol are considerably more likely to get involved in violence against the women leading to reproductive health vulnerabilities like STI/RTI outcomes. The study suggests that better understanding of the causes of violence against women will be useful in designing both prevention programs and interventions with men as center of all the programs. The research has begun to identify childhood exposure, high alcoholism to later high masculinity.

The present study aimed to describe the risk factors of Congenital malformation recognizable at birth in newborns in Marrakech Hospital from March 1 to May 31, 2017 on a sample of 40 cases of CM. The results showed that the mothers of the malformed children are young from a socioeconomic and cultural background. The malformations found were Hypospadias (30%) and hydrocephalus (28%). The etiological factors found were consanguinity, heredity, consumption of fenugreek, self-medication, no intake of folic acid during pregnancy. Considerable means for the motivation of health professionals to cope with the means of prevention and the constraints of nursing care

This paper untangle the idea of software security and applying sound practices to the phases of software development life cycle that design and develop software and subject all phases to risk analysis and testing. It focuses on importance of secure software and unveils why and how attackers target software. It brings into light some of the exploitable software defects and certain methods to make software less vulnerable to attacks. It also presents the idea of software testing and its goal with the perspective of considering security as an important requirement to test.