Archives-J 

The effect of administering ethanol extracts of seed, leaf and pulp of C. papaya on male rats and assessing its effects on the female rats was investigated. 0, 100, 200 and 300mg/kg of each extracts were orally administered to the male rats for 30 days after which they were mated with the female rats in the ratio of 1:1 for the first generation. Conception rate, induced lethal mutation index, litter size and weight at birth and weaning were estimated. The remaining male and female rats were mated again for the second and third generations. Results obtained showed that there were significant effects (P < 0.05) of mating treated male rats with the untreated female rats on all the parameters studied. Implicitly though, our results suggest that indiscriminate consumption of herbals by male rats could have devastating effects on the female rats during reproduction. It becomes necessary to carry out in-depth research similar to this works as to make concrete assertion.

The zebrafish is an extremely dynamic organ in which follicles undergo asynchronous development. The oocytes of Zebrafish ovary are observed in various phases. The oocyte development of zebrafish was divided into four stages (primary growth, cortical alveolus-previtellogenic, vitellogenic and mature oocyte). Zebrafish follicles contain only a single layer of granulosa cells that are separated from the oocyte by the vitelline envelope (zona radiata). The follicular epithelium and theca of oocytes in zebrafish differentiates during the primary growth phase.Histological analysis revealed that the zona radiata is formed during the vitellogenic growth stage. Specializations associated to the outher layer of the zona radiata may be related to the egg’s adherence to the substrata. Follicular cell and oocyte cytological characteristics don’t differ from those described in other teleosts species.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enable vehicles to communicate with each other (V2V) as well as roadside infrastructure units (V2I) without any fixed infrastructure. These roadside units provide different services such as driver information systems and Internet access. VANETS can be used to improve the comfort applications such as traffic information, weather information, gas station/restaurant location information or interactive communication such as Internet access and downloads. The high speed and high mobility of vehicles cause many challenges to establishing and maintaining connection of these roadside units. In this paper we introduce Fuzzy Logic Based Stable Routing in VANET. The essential purpose of new algorithm is to predict the future behaviour of vehicles by the use of the characteristics of vehicle movements such as speed average, speed of drivers and standard deviation; and also to calculate stablitiy of routes with the help of fuzzy logic for selecting routes with the most stability and least length. The proposed algorithm is simulated by considering mobility model, generated by the VanetMobiSim tool. The simulation results show that the proposed approach with increasing the number of nodes, will increase the Average Route Stability Indicator Minimum and decrease Average Route Length Minimum. This issue cause to provide an accurate and efficient method of estimating and evaluating the route stability in dynamic VANETs.

The effect of feeding Telfairiaoccidentalis based diets was investigated on the blood of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). 150 African catfish were randomly allotted to five experimental diets (CP 40%) in which ugu leaf replaced soybean at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively and fed at 3% body weight daily for the period of 9weeks. At the end of the feeding period, the blood samples were collected from the caudal peduncle of the fish samples in replicates and analyzed for both haematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum parameters such as Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea, Creatine (CRE), Total protein, Albumin(ALB), and Globulin(GLO). The highest PCV (40.1%) was recorded in fish fed 0% and the lowest PCV (11.5%) was recorded in fish fed 40%; while the highest RBC (3.14ul) was also recorded in the same treatment, fish fed 0% and lowest RBC (0.96ul) was recorded in fish fed 40%. The highest HB content (14.2g/dl) was recorded in fish fed 0% and the lowest HB (7.2g/dl) was obtained in fish fed 40%, the highest WBC count (152.5ul) was recorded in fish fed 0% and the lowest was recorded in fish fed 40% ugu leaf meal while the highest lymphocyte count (62.5) was recorded in fish fed 30%. But the highest MCV (132.3fl) value was recorded in fish fed 10%. The highest MCH (50.3) value was recorded in fish fed 40%. The serum indices increase significantly as the replacement level of Telfairia occidentaIis increases. In contrast, TP and Glo has its highest value in T1 (control) 4.805 and 3.13 respectively. In ALP, Urea and ALB, the highest value was observed in T3 (20%). However, in T1 and T4 of ALP there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the diets, likewise in T2 and T5 of ALP, there is no significant difference (p>0.05). The chemical compositions of the Telfairia occidentalis used are as follows; crude protein (35.70%), crude fiber (23.52%), ether extract (2.38%), ash (12.60%), dry matter (92.10%).were recorded and there was significant difference (p<0.05).This trial indicates that Telfairia occidentalis meal can replace soybean at 20% in the diets of African catfish without any deleterious effect on the physiology and or health status of the fish.

Human capital have become a more sturdy as countries vie for investors investment in an over saturated global market. Most research on foreign direct investment concentrates on social bonds, business relationships and regionalization issues. Little research considers importance of human resource capacity building and its importance for investors within relationships. In this research, we will use secondary data about FDI in Pakistan and human ingeniousness. The result should assist marketers to ascertain whether human capital perceived as important tool for FDI or whether prerequisite for investors. First, conceptual framework was built from the literature included theoretical papers, comparative research reports, and grey literature .Secondly, to investigate the impact of human capital Ingeniousness on FDI, ARDL approach applied on the data collected over the period of 2002-2012.ARDL approach to Cointegration analysis based on ARDL used to estimate relationships among variables. Test results shows that there exists the long run cointgrating relationship among human capital ingeniousness demand, GDP growth and foreign direct investment inflow. This study presents positive and significant impact of human Ingeniousness on FDI of Pakistan. Furthermore, the results indicate that technical bonds interact with social bonds for investor’s solicitation. Human capital allurement are more effective tool in attracting investors attraction and being consider important than those with lower level of Ingeniousness human resources, but may led to more distraction of FDI.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) considered vital for economic development of capital scarce countries, as it provides not only financial assistance but also capital, technology, new jobs, management skill and expertise. Contemporary, FDI is considered a most important source of private external inflows of capital for less developed countries almost in all over the world. Total FDI inflows into Pakistan recorded US$ 3205.4 million during 2008-09 as compared to US$ 3719.1 million in the last year which shows a decline of 13.8%. Likewise Pakistan’s total public debt estimated US$ 39593 million during 2007-08 and such as during 2006-07 per capita debt in Pakistan was US$ 247 million. For empirical analysis secondary data have been used ranging from 1981 to 2007. For estimating the impact of public debt on FDI, simple log linear regression model and the method of Least Squares has been used. The empirical results found statistically significant and indicates that public debt discourages FDI inflows into Pakistan. Thus, it has been concluded, that public debt be managed, through active and proper debt management policy, in order to utilize the maximum benefits of FDI in Pakistan.

The present study is aimed to investigate the detailed financial assistance sanctioned by a specialized financial institution which worked as a nodal agency of the Government of India to cater the financial needs of tourism industry i.e. Tourism Finance Corporation of India Limited (TFCI). This analysis is achieved by an in-depth study of various financial reports of the corporation and ‘Report on Development Banking in India’ published by IDBI time to time. The time period taken for the study is last fifteen years. The study is carried out to satisfy the objectives like (i) To analyse the detailed (purpose-wise, scheme-wise, sector-wise, state-wise and industry-wise) promotional assistance provided by TFCI to tourism and tourism related projects during the last fifteen years, (ii) To comment on Investment catalysts and employment opportunities provided by TFCI, and (iii) To examine the Factors which are responsible for operational and developmental activities of TFCI. The results of the study will be helpful for the TFCI in exploring the areas in which they are lagging behind the market and in which they should invest more in terms of financial assistance.

For organizations to remain in operational, they have to be in a state of change, this is done with the view to balance with the environment. Research has shown that managers who fail to adopt changes will ultimately be forced to shut down their operations. The purpose of the study was to determine influence of adaptive organization structure practices on performance of commercial based state parastatals in kenya. The study adopted a cross section survey research design and the target population were the fifty five (55) commercial based state parastatals. A sample of forty eight (48) commercial based state parastatals was used for the study. These were identified through stratified random sampling. The respondents of this study constituted CEO’s, Finance Managers and HR Managers and finance managers of each of the sampled commercial based state parastatals. Collection of data was conducted with the aid of questionnaires and interviews. Collection of Secondary data was done from financial and audited statements. Questionnaires were hand delivered to the respondents in the respective institutions by the help of research assistants. The research assistants self-administered the questionnaires to the respondents of the sampled commercial based state parastatals under the supervision of the researcher. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 and Microsoft Excel. Regression models were fitted and hypothesis testing was carried using standard F and t tests. The study found that adaptive organization structure practices was found to positively and significantly influence performance of commercial based parastatals in Kenya. Board composition was found not to have a significant moderating influence on the relationship between strategic change practices and performance

There is a growing concern that the global climate is warming to dangerous levels with serious implications on biodiversity components and development. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment identified climate change as a major driver of biodiversity loss and indicated that it will adversely affect key development sectors; including the provision of clean water, energy services and food. An analysis of the relationship between climate change and biodiversity conservation suggest that the causes and impacts of biodiversity loss are gender-based. Consequently, the international community is paying more attention to women and their role in managing and preserving biodiversity. Understanding the gender relations in biodiversity practices forms part of the solution to climate change. This article reviews some of the links between women and the environment, with an explicit focus on the gender dimensions of biodiversity conservation and climate management. The paper looks at the link between women and the environment and aims to develop gender sensitive strategies with regard to climate change adaptation interventions in developing countries. It will inspire the environmental community to better understand the importance of gender and the decisive roles women play in managing and preserving biodiversity. This will inculcate the need to integrate a gender perspective in climate change management in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular, Goals 5, 10 and 13, which call for promotion of gender equality, reduced inequalities and climate action, respectively.

Silkworm silk is among the most widely used natural fibers for textile and biomedical applications due to its extraordinary mechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. There is a growing interest to introduce more new functionalities into silk while maintaining its advantageous intrinsic properties. Various methods with their merits are assessed to produce functional silk, specifically those with colour and luminescence. There is a highlight on intrinsically coloured and luminescent silk produced directly from silkworms for a wide range of applications and a discussion on the suitable molecular properties for being incorporated effectively into silk while it is being produced in the silk gland. This paper elicits an in vivo uptake of neutral red, a weak cationic azine dye by Bombyx mori, which results the production of vibrantly coloured cocoons. It is a green process without any chemical pollution, which offers the development of an insect system to produce coloured silk. It has significant potential applications in sericulture research. The colour change observed in haemolymph and silk gland is evident for the efficacy of the selected dye to incorporate into the silkworm body. The results of larval and cocoon traits shows that there is no significant difference between the control and dye added diet fed groups. The findings suggest that neutral red is a promising candidate dye for the production of environmental friendly colour silk production, which eliminates the generation of dye waste.