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The failure of free market assumptions, which are preconditions for free operation of markets leading to welfare maximization, create concerns for consumers in relation to access, pricing, safety, quality and choice of goods and services. Consumer protection is therefore essential as a way of dealing effectively with these adverse effects of market failure from the demand side. Competition and consumers’ protection laws are generally accepted tools of consumers’ protection. Many countries have a long experience on competition and consumers’ protection laws. Though it is late Ethiopia has also enacted the Trade Practice Proclamation No.329/2003 in 2003 and the effective law “Trade Competition and Consumer Protection Proclamation No.813/2014 (TCCPP)” on March 21, 2014. This proclamation provides different rules aimed at enhancing competition and consumers’ protection in the country. It also establishes institutional frameworks for its implementation. However, the objectives of the law haven’t been achieved and consumers in Ethiopia are suffering from various abuses. This paper is therefore devoted to scrutinize the conditions of consumers in Ethiopia and the responsibilities of the government and companies towards enhancing the protection of consumers. It has been observed that consumers all over the country have been known to be victims of both producers and sellers in the market place. In most of the products offered for sale in the market are usually of low quality, high price and sometimes even a threat to life. It is argued that to improve consumers’ protection the government should reduce its direct involvement in the market, strength enforcement institutions, strength standardization and prior approval systems, and encourage consumers associations and Self-Regulatory schemes. Companies should also discharge their mandatory obligations and Social responsibilities (CSR); and involve in Self-Regulatory schemes.

The effect of Indomie Noodle Waste Meal (IWM) based diet of the haematology and serum biochemistry of Broiler Finisher was investigated. One hundred and fifty unsexed Hypecco strain of Broilers were randomly allotted into five Isocaloric and Isonitrogenous dietary groups with graded levels of IWM to replace maize on weight basis in a Completely Randomised Design(CRD).Treatment 1 (T1),T2,T3,T4 and T5 contained IW at 0%,25%,50%,75% and 100% respectively. The experiment lasted for five weeks (5th -10th week). Dietary treatment started at 5th week of age and blood collection started at the onset of the dietary treatment and weekly thereafter. Haematological parameters investigated were Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC) while the erythrocyte indices were calculated. Serum metabolites analysed for were Total Protein (TP), Albumin, Globulin, Uric acid, Calcium, Glucose, Creatinine, Bilirubin and Cholesterol. Hb, PCV and the erythrocyte indices were significantly (p<0.05) lowered by the IWM inclusion but not adversely while serum TP, Albumin, Globulin, Calcium and Cholesterol were significantly (p<0.05) elevated with the level of IWM inclusion.IWM can be used to replace maize in the diet of Broiler finisher chickens the level of which must not exceed 50% to avoid higher serum cholesterol level.

Abstract: Data mining is emerging technique now a day’s .The main aim of data mining is to find meaningful information from pool of dataset. It is also called knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD). Data mining is technique that extracts the important information from the large amount data base. Clustering is significant key technique in data analysis and data mining application. It is used for combining observed object into groups or cluster such that each group or cluster is homogeneous or compact with respect to characteristics. The clustering is an example of unsupervised learning. A good clustering method will produce high superiority clusters with high intra-class similarity and low inter-class similarity. Clustering algorithms can be categorized into partition-based algorithms, hierarchical-based algorithms, density-based algorithms and grid-based algorithms. The aim of this survey is to provide an analysis of different clustering algorithms in data mining.

In this Paper the comparison between two traction motors i.e. Permanent magnet synchronous motor and three phase Induction motor has been done to find out the best traction motor suitable for electric vehicle application. First the sizing of vehicle parameters is done to find the rated torque, speed and power suitable to design a three phase induction motor. In Matlab simulation, the Simulink model of Fuel cell Electric vehicle using New York city drive cycle is run with two different motors .The simulation result is obtained with two types of controllers i.e. PID and Fuzzy controller and the simulation results show that Fuzzy controller gives better control characteristics.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the use using steel chips and steel fibre in concrete to enhance its electric conductivity. The objective of this study is to determine and to do the comparative study of the properties of concrete with steel chips only, containing steel fibre only and containing both steel chips and steel fibres. This investigation was carried out using several tests. Workability and surface finishability were used as primary evaluation criteria. Effect on Humans due to flow of current through concrete was also considered.

The modern critical analysis of Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac statistics is proposed. Methodological basis of analysis is the unity of formal logic and rational dialectics. It is shown that Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac statistics – as consequence of Bose's erroneous method – contain logical errors. The main error is that Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac distribution functions contain chemical potential. It is proved that chemical potential is identically equal to zero because the concept of chemical potential is contrary to the concept of temperature. There exist the only one correct statistics in statistical physics: Gibbs statistics.

The Photocatalytic process is one of the important green engineering concepts employed for treating the waste water from industries. This paper presents an overview of Photocatalytic degradation of textile effluents in industries by titania (TiO2). TiO2nanocatalystwas synthesized using sonochemical method. This Nanocatalyst was characterized using SEM, XRD &TGA. An Effluent from the textile contains hazardous compounds such as ethyl sulphonic and sulphonic groups which cause severe water pollution. Photocatalytic degradation using Tio2nanophotocatalyst based adsorbent as a semiconductor in a batch reactor. Experiments were performed to observe the extent of photocatalytic degradation of textile effluents by analyzing different parameters. The effluents were degraded and nearly 96% of colour reduction was observed. Experiments were also conducted to optimize the amount of catalyst used during this process. This process is a very effective green engineering concept and a cheapest for treating the textile effluents using TiO2 before disposing it off into water.

Chickpea grain damage in various forms, in which splitting is more important than other aspects, because of quantitative losses. This paper investigates the mechanical strength of chickpea kernels in relation to splitting. In this relation, three varieties (Bivanij, ILC482 and Philip 93-93) of chickpea at three levels of moisture content (15.5, 20.8 and 25.6 % wet bases) and three loading orientations (Length, Width and Thickness of kernel) were tested under quasi-static uni-axial compression. Measured and calculated parameters were including rupture force, maximum strain and deformation, rupture energy, maximum normal contact stress and apparent modulus of elasticity. Moisture content had a considerable effect on all mechanical parameters. In addition, the results showed that values of chickpea strength properties were lowest when loaded in the length direction. The minimum values of modulus of elasticity and rupture energy were equal to 6.75 MPa and 43.28 mJ, respectively, at 26%(w.b.). According to statistical results, Philip 93-93 variety had the highest resistance to damage and splitting in comparison to two other varieties. Several linear and nonlinear models were developed for prediction of chickpea strength parameters that presented in the article.

Introduction: 103Pd brachytherapy sources are used normally in prostate and breast cancer therapy. For calculating the effect of source shield or applicators and dose distribution usually Monte Carlo codes such as MCNP and GEANT are applied. The aim of this work is to determine the dosimetric parameters of a 103Pd source in soft tissue phantom. Method: In this present work, we have used MCNP4C code to calculate relative dose in soft tissue phantom. We have calculated the dose distribution in soft tissue phantom with 1.04 g/cm3 density which is more accurate than water phantom for human tissue. Results: We have determined the isodose curves and anisotropy function, F(r,?), and radial dose function, g(r), which are important dosimetric parameters. Our result are in good agreement with others result. Conclusion: Dose deposition in high gradient region, near the source, can only be calculated accurately by Monte Carlo method. The obtained value of g(r) and F(1 cm, ?) as the TG-43 parameters for the source, are agree quite well with the result of others.

There is a paradigm shift among the digital learners of 21st century due to the rapid increase in the usage of gadgets, such as computers, mobile phones, social networking sites, blogs and etc. Among International Baccalaureate teachers today, use of gadgets is widely used to engage their students and in the process, try to use technology tools such as Web 2.0 for collaborative projects, connecting participants beyond the traditional classrooms. This paper explores on digital literacy in the context of IB World School students learning engagement, using technology. As such, an implementation of Wikispaces Classroom for 6 weeks in an Information Technology Communication and Visual Arts lesson was used to capture their digital literacy in a Grade 5 classroom. The outcome of the research encapsulates the students’ perceptions towards their new learning experience through Web tools: Wikispaces Classroom for Visual Arts. As a result, student’s engagement in learning Visual Arts has increased and learning has generated knowledge in Visual Arts and other subject areas. This paper recommends digital literacy tools engage students in learning, which impact curriculum design and planning for future.