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Developing an effective research proposal is a challenging task for the researchers. Research proposal is a detailed description of a proposed study, designed to investigate a given problem. Research Proposal writing is an important node in the pursuit of a graduate, Master, M. Phil or PhD degree throughout the world. This article highlight the need, importance and preferred style of research proposal as most researchers do not fully comprehend the mechanics of writing a research proposal and its importance for the subsequent research.

The authors report two cases of rare lesional associations on the samelimb segment. Two patients victims of violent trauma showed a dislocation of the shoulder associated with fracture on the same member (the diaphysis and the humeral, diaphysis and distal radius). They were treated in emergency First Direct fractures but without touching the shoulder to reduce the dislocation. The decline was 9 months to one and 6 months for the other. The functional result is satisfactory.

Purpose:- The study targeted the evaluation the effect of hemodialysis on blood glucose in renal failure patients at Shendi town in Sudan during(January–February) 2013. Objectives:- General Objective: To estimate blood glucose level pre and post hemodialysis. Specific Objective: 1. To identify the blood glucose level pre and post hemodialysis. 2. To identify the effect of duration of hemodialysis. 3. To identify the risk factors that cause hypoglycemia during hemodialysis. 4. To identify the people prone to hypoglycemia during hemodialysis.. Methods: Study design: Across sectional descriptive study, conducted at Shendi town during the period from March to May 2015 that aimed to estimate blood glucose in renal failure pre and post dialysis. Study area: The study was done at Shendi town which is located in the north of Sudan and north of the capital Khartoum located about 173km and covering area about 30km. Study population sampling: A total of 30 sample pre dialysis, and 30 sample post dialysis was collected from renal failure patients in hospital. Data collection tools: Information from dialysis patients were collected in performed questionnaire. collection technique: 2.5 ml of fresh venous blood was collected from each patient pre and post dialysis in fluoride oxalate container for determination of glucose level. method used: For the quantitative determination of glucose in serum and plasma Glucose oxidase method was used. Results: The statistical analysis of the results showed that the mean of glucose is lower in post hemodialysis (84.5)mg/dl. While the mean of glucose in pre hemodialysis (117.8)mg/dl .The P value is 0.000 which means that there is a highly significant variation between pre and post , where the values are high in post, and this agrees with Study done by Miho Senda et entitled(The strong relation between post –hemodialysis blood methylglyoxal levels and post-hemodialysis blood glucose concentration rise ,Clinical and Experimental Nephrology,20 Aug 2014 Conclusion: From this research we concluded that the level of blood glucose in renal failure patients is decrease post hemodialysis, which means there is a clear effect of hemodialysis on blood glucose level.

The quest for ready-to-eat fruits has resulted in cut-fruits such as pawpaw, watermelon, mangoes and pineapples in the local market. Many people eat fruits because of the vitamins they contain. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits are consumed among other reasons, for their pleasant flavour. They are rich sources of vitamins A, B6 and C. Mango fruits are being increasingly process into ready-to-eat products such as fresh-cut slices. This study determined the effects of irradiation and refrigeration storage on the vitamin C content of fresh-cut mango products. Well matured half-ripe with peel of green and a little yellow intact fruits were sampled for laboratory analysis using 2x2x5 factorial experiment. The fruits were sanitized, peeled and sliced into cubes, packaged in 30 PET jars, and were subjected to various radiation dose levels (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5) kGy and a control. The treated cut-mangoes were stored at 6°C and 10°C for 15 days and samples were taken at 3 days interval for analysis of vitamin C. The data was analyzed using ANOVA. Irradiation did not have significant (p>0.05) effect on the vitamin C content measured. However, there were significant varietal differences (p<0.05) between irradiated Kent and Keitt mangoes. Storage time has significant effect (p<0.05) on the vitamin C. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in vitamin C content during storage at 6 °C.

The astonishing research on the nature of students’ and teachers’ beliefs about language learning in the 1980s by Horwitz paved the way for a multitude of investigations into this topic. There have been different studies focusing on the beliefs of EFL learners but the focus on students who learn English for their major field of study is lacking. This study aimed to address this gap and examined beliefs about learning a foreign language held by 90 Iranian female university students majoring in Theology and Islamic sciences. The present inquiry addressed beliefs held by the beginners and intermediate learners in order to assess which areas of beliefs were commonly shared by the two groups of learners and which areas contained considerable differences in beliefs hence finding the cause for their weakness in English. This study employed a questionnaire based on Horwitz’s (1988) Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) as a research instrument, with some modifications to be appropriate to Iranian context. Statistical analysis detected three items where opinions of these two groups of students were significantly different and a pattern derived from the beliefs of both groups in Iranian context and in relation to English for Specific Purposes (ESP).

Leadership is a very important factor in determining organisations’ effectiveness. The values uphold by leaders will influence their conduct as ethical leaders or not. What are ethical behaviours? Why are they important? What are the values and behaviours that are being inculcate among public sectors workers? How is it done? What are the strategies employed to enhance ethical behaviours? Analysis shows that despite numerous efforts done by the top managements, the result are not very encouraging because there is no comprehensive plan to educate public sector employees about ethics.

This study was conducted to Evaluation of vermicompost on the Pigments content of Pelargonium hortorum. This experiment was conducted in the Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch. Treatments of vermicompost rates included: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Also combine of control pot included: 25% cocopeat, 20% pulp tea, 10% rice straw and 45% garden soil. According to analysis of variance, treatments had significant effect on Chlorophyll a and b, Total chlorophyll, Anthocyanin and Carotenoids at 1% statistical probability.With regard to the comparison of treatments and control, 75% vermicompost treatment was the most effective treatments and this level suggest for pelargonium culture.

Even though lightweight foamed concrete has low mechanical properties compared to normal weight concrete, there is a potential of using this material as partition or load-bearing wall in low-rise residential construction. Before it can be considered for use as a load-bearing element in the building industry, it is necessary to acquire reliable information of its mechanical properties at ambient and high temperatures for quantification of its fire resistance performance. This paper will present the results of experiments that have been carried out to examine and characterize the compressive stress-strain relationship of foamed concrete at high temperatures. Foamed concrete with 650 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 density were cast and tested. The compression tests were carried out at ambient temperature, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C.

Several approaches have been introduced in literature for active noise control (ANC) systems. Since FxLMS algorithm appears to be the best choice as a controller filter, researchers tend to improve performance of ANC systems by enhancing and modifying this algorithm. In this paper, modification is in done the existing FxLMS algorithm that provides a new structure for improving the tracking performance and convergence rate based on the secondary path modeling technique. The convergence rate is improved by the dynamically varying the step size of the error signal. It is also implemented using FPGA.

In this project we will using three type of tools ,straight cylindrical , taper cylindrical and triangular tool all made of High speed steel (Wc-Co) for the friction stir welding (FSW) aluminum alloy H20 –H20 and test the mechanical properties of the welded joint by tensile test and vicker hardness test. Finally we will compare mentioned mechanical properties and make conclusion. The result will help welding parameter optimization in different type of friction stir process. Like rotational speed ,depth of welding ,travel speed ,type of material ,type of joint, work piece dimension ,joint dimension ,tool material and tool geometry .previous investigations in different types of materials work pieces ,joint type, machining parameter and preheating temperature take placed. in this investigation 3 mentioned tool types that are popular in FSW tested and the results will complete other aspects of the process .hope this paper open a new horizon in experimental investigation of mechanical properties of friction stir welded joint with other different type of tools like oval shape probe, paddle shape probe ,three flat sided probe, and three sided re-entrant probe also other materials and alloys like titanium or steel in near future.