Archives-December 

Zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with Vanadium of varying concentrations were synthesised by Sol-gel method. Samples prepared after annealing for 2 hrs at 600 oC are characterised by XRD,UV-Vis Spectroscopy, SEM and EDS. The hexagonal wurtzite structure is maintained in ZnO after vanadium doping at high concentration (15 at.%) as confirmed by X-ray analysis. The absorption edge of ZnO is red shifted by increasing the vanadium concentration. SEM shows the nanoparticle nature of the ZnO particle, molar concentration of dopants is confirmed by EDS analysis. The photo catalytic activity of Rhodamine-B dye solution under visible light is better for V-doped ZnO as compared to pure ZnO.

Steganography is a captivating area of research in the new modern world. Steganography is a form of covert communication in which a secret message is invisible within a carrier message. Various image Steganography techniques have been proposed. The user data should be made secret in order to have the user’s privacy and security. This novel algorithm represents the encryption and decryption of medical data of the patient and the patient’s medical image using LSB and chaotic systems. In this paper, investigate diverse Steganography techniques and tools. The chaotic signal generation and the result analysis are done by using the Matlab 7.10.

Man’s relentless quest for knowledge and its documentation have had profound impact on development of human race at every stage. The fast change in the quality of our lives over the centuries has been because of the knowledge flow in the information technology age of today. On a global basis, organizations are recognizing the importance of knowledge as a means to gain or sustain competitive advantage. Researchers have concluded that the only thing that is sustainable, for successful businesses, in the New Millennium – is what it knows, how it uses what it knows, and how fast it can know something new. In the past, the dilemma was finding enough information, but now the problem has shifted to identifying and managing the nuggets of mission-critical knowledge amongst the mountains of meaningless noise. Many organizations are primarily knowledge-focused. They obtain data and information and produce either a product or service. In this production process they use their own, and others, knowledge and information. Much of the knowledge in an enterprise is grounded in the minds of employees. The awareness of the value of knowledge to a business, coupled with its management, acts as an integrator that improves cross-functional communication and cooperation. Shared knowledge not only makes for a more effective, efficient and agile organization, but creates a common perspective and culture that produces a natural consistency of successful decisions and actions.

The main objective of Load Frequency Control (LFC) is to regulate the power output of electric generator within an area, in response to the changes in system frequency and tie-line loading. Thus, LFC helps in maintaining the scheduled system frequency and tie-line power interchange with other areas within the prescribed limits. Most LFCs are primarily composed of an integral and PID controller. The integrator gain is set to a level that compromises between fast transient recovery and low overshoot in the dynamic response of the overall system. This type of controller is slow and does not allow the controller designer to consider the possible changes in operating condition and non-linearity in the generator unit. Moreover, it lacks in robustness. FACTS are designed to overcome the limitations of present non-reheat thermal-thermal power systems and enhance the power system stability. One of the promising FACTS devices is the Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) to alleviate this difficulty. TCPS is connected in the tie-line to self-tune the parameters of integral and PID controller. Two area system, have been considered for simulationof the proposed TCPS connected integral and PID controller .The performance of the Conventional controller, TCPS connected Integral and PID controller have beenCompared through MATLAB Simulation. The qualitative and quantitative comparisonshave been carried out for Integral, PID controllers. The dynamic of performance responses of Integral and PID controller with TCPS shows that in terms of settling .Time, peak overshoot and steady state error are greatly improved than that of without TCPS.

Sediment and fish (nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from six sites of Lake Hawassa namely; Tikur Wuha, Amora Gedel, Dorie Bafana, Central part of the lake, the opposite side of Amora Gedel and Referral Hospital sites. Concentration of heavy metals was analyzed quantitatively using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Chemometric methods. The maximum and minimum mean levels (mg/kg dry mass) in different lake sediment sites were Cu (51.38-17.64), Mn (348.51-140.63), Cd (12.8764-403), Pb (30.05-6.72), Ni (26.73-8.43 ), Zn (367.84-147.49), Cr (14.15-5.34), Co (27.19-9.59 ), Mg (3859.86-1872.43), Na (4913.72-2903.043), Ca (5526.74 - 3608.71), K (4229.69-2255.57) and that of fish muscle were Cu (13.833-5.666), Mn (11.972-9.722), Zn (21.110-12.055), Ca (574-482), Mg (512-437), Na (771-681), K (903-785). The result shows that the metal concentration in sediment samples is in order of Ca > Na > K > Mg > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Co > Ni > Cr > Cd. The detectable metals in Tilapia fish muscle were in order of K > Na > Ca > Mg > Zn > Mn > Cu. In all the samples, concentrations of metals in sediment samples were higher than those of fish samples.

Revolutions usually works politically, socially, economically and culturally important in a country where they are located in the region and even globally. Islamic Revolution of Iran as amazing and great social revolution, many local and regional and global level has. One result of the Islamic Revolution which impact on local, regional and global left. One result of the Islamic Revolution has had an impact in the various theories of revolution. That theory are influenced by the Islamic Revolution in Iran formed. According to various theories that explain the importance of the Islamic Revolution, In this study, a library and using authentic documents as a tool to analyze and evaluate theories of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, we are looking for. In order to access the main purpose of the paper, the study of public opinion and regardless of the theory of the Islamic Revolution has been satisfied. Among the most important theories in the present paper were studied Islamic Revolution conspiracy theory, economic theory, modernization theory, theory and theory of religion is tyranny. Each of these theories consider certain factors in explaining the Islamic Revolution and the Critics have any of them.

A groupoid is medial if it satis_es the identity wx • yz = wy • xz. A groupoid is trimedial if every subgroupoid generated by 3 elements is medial. Medial groupoids and quasigroups have also been called abelian, entropic, and other names, while trimedial quasigroups have also been called triabelian, terentropic, etc. (See [5], especially p. 120, for further background). The notion of variety of algebras having the property (k, n) was given in [6] and equationally defined classes of cancellative groupoids having the property (2, 4) and (2, 5) were considered there. This notion was qeneralized in [7], where it was shown that the condition of the cancellativity is superfluous, that is, any variety of groupoids with the property (2, n) is a variety of quasigroups. Let k and n be two positive integers and k n. An algebra A is said to have the property (k, n) if every subalgebra of A generated by k distinct elements has exactly n elements. We also say that A is a (k, n)-algebra. A class K of algebras is said to be a (k, n)-class if every algebra in K is a (k, n)-algebra. A variety is called a (k, n)-variety if it is a (k, n)-class of algebras. Trivially, the variety of Steiner quasigroups (xx = x, xy = yx, x•xy = y) is a (2, 3)-variety. It is the unique variety of groupoids with the stated property, and the same holds for the (2, 4)-variety (x•xy = yx, xy•yx = x) given by Padmanabhan in [6]. He has also constructed two (2, 5)-varieties. One of them is commutative (xy = yx, x(y•xy) = y, x(x•xy) = y•xy), while the other one (x•xy = y, xy•y = yx) consists of anticommutative quasigroups. It is an verify the existence of (2, n)-varieties for n?10

In Networks-On-Chips, (NOC) global interconnection links and routers are the main sources of the power Consumption. In Application Specific NOC (ASNOC) power can be minimized by mapping the Processing Element (PE) on the custom topology rather than mapping on the standard topologies. In ASNOC, the design of the topology plays an important role in minimizing the power consumption. In this paper, we propose a custom topology generation algorithm using network partitioning, to reduce the power of the global interconnection links that connects the router to router. The proposed method is validated through a case study for benchmark video applications MPEG 4 decoder and PIP. The experimental case study shows 26.8% and 37.5% of power saving for the applications MPEG 4 decoder and PIP respectively compared to the existing algorithm. We also achieve 11.76% and 9 % of reduction in average number of hops for MPEG 4 decoder and PIP respectively.

The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), an autonomous institution of U.G.C., New Delhi, having the responsibility of assessment and accreditation of colleges and universities in India has redesigned its methodology of assessment and accreditation on the basis of its own field experience, shared knowledge with international quality assurance agencies and quality imperatives in the changing global scenario in higher education. The new methodology has come into effect from 1st April 2007, with a view to enhance its rigor, reliability and validity. The sample has been taken from 44 institutions of higher education in Haryana. 7 teachers from each institution who were the members of the IQACs were included in the sample. These 44 institutions include 19 urban aided institutions (13 co-ed. And 6 women colleges), 8 urban government institutions (5 co-ed. and 3 women colleges), 11 rural aided institutions (3 co-ed. and 8 women colleges) and 6 rural government institutions (3 co-ed. and 3 women colleges).

Automated Fruit Grading System is challenging task in ICT in agriculture. This paper presents a new fruit grading system using artificial neural networks (ANN). The classification systems are based on features extracted from fruits obtained from image processing feature extraction methods. Two different types of classifiers as multi-layer perceptions (MLP) with back propagation and radial basis function (RBF) networks. The objective of this study are to define a optimistic set of external quality features of fruits from the primitive features like color, texture and shape of fruits and to examine the effectiveness of the model. In this experiment, the performance of the system achieved 87.5% and 91.1% respectively for MLP with back propagation and RBF.