Archives-December 

Wastewater irrigation can pose a variety of potential health risks and also excessive and often imbalanced addition of nutrients to the soil to affect crop production. Thus, its use in agriculture without adequate safeguards has been noted to have serious drawbacks for human health and the environment. This study assessed micro nutrient concentration in wastewater used for peri-urban vegetable crop production in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. Aside Fe which was insignificant in both seasons all the others recorded a significant difference in the two seasons. Al, Fe, Mn and Zn on the average recorded higher concentration values in the wet season than the dry season whilst Cu recorded a higher concentration in the dry season than the wet season. Concentrations of most of the micro nutrients were lower than the WHO (2006) recommended standards except Mn which had concentration levels exceeding the recommended standard in the wet season only.

Carbonate sequence of Lar formation (Upper Jurassic) have been studied in three subsurface sections in the north east of Iran. This formation is formed of two separated units, white limestone in the upper and gray dolomite in the Lower part. This formation is overlain by yellow detrital sediments of Miocene units and underlain by siliciclastic Shemshak formation disconformably. Thirteen microfacies from mudstone to grainstone and boundstone were found in this formation. They were deposited in four facies environments; open marine, shoal, lagoon and tidal flat. Facies analysis and the absence of slump and sliding structures, reefal facies, gradual facies changes and widespread tidal flat deposits indicate that Lar formation was deposited in a shallow carbonate platform as ramp.

The moisture diffusion coefficient and energy activation of two Iranian apricot varieties was determined at five drying air temperatures and at a constant air velocity of 1.5 m/s. The initial moisture content (d.b.), modulus of elasticity, surface area, half of pomace thickness of halved apricot, and total soluble solids of both varieties were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.01) in the modulus of elasticity and total soluble solids between two varieties, but no significant differences (p>0.01) were observed for other parameters. The water effective diffusion coefficient ranged from 1.34×10^-10 to 4.15×10^-10 m²/s, and from 2.03×10^-10 to 5.95 ×10^-10 m²/s, for Ghavami and Nasiry, respectively. Energy activation was 27.1 and 25.34 kJ/mol for Ghavami and Nasiry varieties, respectively. The results showed that modulus of elasticity and total soluble solids play a major role in moisture diffusion by limiting water movement within the material subjected to drying.

Liquid crystals are the soft materials composed of self organized molecules. They are known for their order and mobility which makes them a potential candidate for different applications. Among the different mesophases known, Blue phases are a special type of chiral nematic phases and some of them are optically isotropic. Generally these phases will be exhibited by molecules which possess sufficiently high anisotropy. These blue phases are usually stable for very narrow temperature range between the isotropic and the cholesteric phase. In the present work we will be studying the mesophase behaviour of liquid crystalline compounds doped with some chiral materials in different proportions to induce blue phase mesomorphism. The mesomorphic behaviour of these mixtures will be characterized using POM and DSC. Using ZnS Nanoparticles dispersed in these systems, we aim to widen the temperature range of the blue phase. Recently these nanomaterials stabilized blue phases are shown to have some advantages for display applications and is being actively studied across the world.

Visco- Elastic Plates are being increasingly used in the aeronautical and aerospace industry as well as in other fields of modern technology. To use them a good understanding of their structural and dynamical behavior is needed. In the modern technology, the plates of variable thickness are widely used in engineering applications. The present work is to develop for the use of research workers in space technology, mechanical sciences and nuclear energy where certain components of the structure have to operate under the elevated temperature. The aim of present paper is to study the bi-linearly thermal effect on vibration of visco-elastic square plate whose thickness varies parabolically in x-direction. A frequency equation is derived by using Rayleigh-Ritz technique. Two modes of frequency are calculated by the latest computational software for the various values of taper parameter and thermal gradient.

The aim of this research is to identify the ways of management, the effectiveness and the direction of the non option life skill subject teacher’s leadership as the head panel of the subject and to know the different ways of management and qualities of leadership of the teacher. A total of 20 teachers from the district of Batu Pahat were chosen randomly to be involved in this research. The instruments used were questionnaires to define the ways of management, effectiveness and the directions of their leadership as a non option head panel. At the same time, patterns of management and qualities of leadership are also being tested. In this research, descriptive analysis of mod and min is used the result of the research. The overall result of the research, where the min scored for the respondent for all items, in the questionnaire is 4.32. This value implicate that these respondents had positive perceptions on the practices that visualize the leadership of a teacher.

A two dimensional unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, viscous and electrically conducting fluid past an accelerated vertical flat plate through porous medium with chemical reaction, heat source, thermal diffusion and the influence of uniform magnetic field applied normal to the plate has been studied. The solution would be based mainly on finite difference methods. The system of equations has been transformed into a dimensionless form by using well known transformations. The dimensionless continuity, momentum, energy and concentration equations are solved numerically by explicit finite difference technique. The results for velocity, temperature, concentration, streamlines, isotherm lines are discussed graphically and the skin friction, Nusselt number are described in tables with different time steps as well as for different values of flow parameters of physical and engineering interest.

In this work, the Authors reported the medical case of a 24 years old patient who is originally from Cameron. He was diagnosed onchocerciasis disease and treated at the age of 15 years in homeland. Currently, he is followed in the service of Ophthalmology B-Hospital of Specialist, bilateral chorioretinitis for onchocerciasis, asymmetric. The patient is equally treated from a complete eye examination including measurement of visual acuity, examination of interior segment and the bottom eye. Beside this, we have perfpormed fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomométrie of the electroretinogram were performed. The laboratory test that we performed was negative. The patient was given a treatment of doxycycline and Ivermétine. Our medical case is rare in its nature which has given the development of ocular manifestations of onchocerciasis outside the endemic areas of Morocco.

In MANETs, the Associativity Based Long-Lived Routing (ABR) protocol is an good alternative to the position-based and the location-aided routing protocols.In ABR, the associativity is determined by many factors such as residual battery life time, link stability, storage capacity, processing power and etc., In this paper we consider link stability to determine the associativity of the nodes. Link stability refers to how long any two nodes can communicate with each other. If a mobile host is in high mobility , there will be low stability. If there is low mobility, there will be high stability between any two nodes. Moblity causes frequent topology changes and can break the existing path. In this work, we use various mobility models like random waypoint(RWP) model, reference point group mobility(RPGM) and random direction mobility(RDM) models to study the performance of ABR protocol. These models capture the behaviors of ABR protocol in the simulator. The simulation results can show the performance of the ABR protocol varies based on the mobility models across different performance parameters.

This paper attempts to examine those issues that affect the economy with the entrance of Foreign Direct Investment in to Retail sector in India. Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an extraordinary and growing role in global business. FDI would serve the purpose of much needed capital and bring a boom in the Retail sector. Retail industry is organized and unorganized in combination. The international players currently in India include McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Dominos, Levis, Lee, Nike, Adidas, TGIF, Benetton, Swarovski, Sony, Sharp, Kodak, and the Medicine Shoppe. Global players are entering India indirectly, via the licensee/franchisee route, since Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is not allowed in the sector. Indian central government is attempting to transform unorganized retailing to organized retailing by introducing 100% investment in multi-branded retail. Government is facing diverse reactions from different sections of society .There are some advantages such as Increase in GDP, reduction of prices, improved choices of products, and increase in employment opportunities besides having some disadvantages such as adverse effect like destroying employment opportunities & winding up of small and medium scale industries. The big Indian retail players looking to expand their operations include Shopper's Stop, Pantaloon, Lifestyle, Subhiksha, Food World, Vivek's, Nilgiris, Ebony, Crosswords, Café Coffee Day, Wills Lifestyle, Raymond, However, in this era of globalization reforms in the retail sector are necessary to with stand competition.Titan, and Bata .Indian retail chains would get integrated with global supply chains since FDI will bring in technology, quality standards and marketing.