Archives-December 

Surfactants are basic cleaning agents in soaps and detergents. Most surfactants are less toxic to aquatic organisms due to their surface activity which will react with the biological membranes of the organisms. The study of surfactant materials along with the other additive compounds seeks more attention because of their increasing industrial and domestic applications. Dyes and enzymes which are the important ingredient in detergents have their own cleaning properties. Nowdays, lipases stand amongst the most important biocatalysts carrying out novel reactions in both aqueous and non-aqueous media. They also possess massive applications in various areas of industrial microbiology and biotechnology. This statement is well documented by the enormous number of research investigations undertaken in the last one and a half decades. Lipases show immense versatility regarding their catalytic behaviour. Therefore, there is a lot of scope to search for newer lipases with desired selectivity and substrate tolerance. The present study is an attempt to investigate the thermodynamic properties like internal pressure, free volume, ??i, molar and molal hydration numbers of anionic surfactant SDS with sodium sulphate in the presence of dye (methylene blue) and an enzyme (lipase) at 303K, 313K and 323K temperatures. The determination of the above properties has thrown light into the various types of molecular interactions existing in aqueous ternary solutions.

Economic effects of human beings have been always focused on how to obtain the best results b using the least possibilities and factors available, such tendency can be called "attainment of higher efficiency and productivity". Productivity is a comprehensive concept encompassing efficiency an increase in which is taken into account by politic and economic authorities continuously in order to promote standard of living of, welfare of, and relaxation and peace of people. Some consider survival and persistence of a politico-economic system dependent on productivity. One way to increase productivity is privatization and free trade. Present research focuses on effects of these 2 variables on each other. Subject of this research is to study effects of privatization on total productivity of production factors in in Mellat Bank and its aim is to analyze productivity after Mellat Bank was privatized in order for resulting outcomes to create clearer outlook and wider perspective in front of managers. Considering research aim and subject, this research used descriptive-analytical method. In present research, inputs and outputs of 48 Mellat Bank of Kermanshah province were studied in 2 time intervals: one related to pre-privatization time (2005-2007) and other to post-privatization time (2009-2011) of Mellat Bank. This research inputs include personnel, administrative, and operational costs while outputs include volumes of deposits, facilities, and services provided. Data was analyzed by using MalmQuist index and data coverage analysis with EMS and GAMS software. Then, hypotheses were tested by SPSS software. Research results indicate that, following privatization, total productivity index and human force productivity increased significantly and it was found that technological changes relate directly to the level of productivity so that enhanced technology level can increase productivity level.

N- Maleilated chitosan was synthesized by reaction of chitosan with maleic anhydride (MA) in N, N-dimethyl formamide. N-Maleilated chitosan – g – (methyl methacrylate) co-polymer was prepared via free radical polymerization using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as the initiator. The effect of polymerization variables including initiator concentration, monomer concentration and reaction temperature on grafting percentage were studied. It was found that the grafting yield and grafting efficiency were increased with increasing the polymerization variables and then decreased. The grafting was maximum at 1.6g of initiator (CAN), 2g of the monomer (Methyl methacrylate) at 70⁰c. The co-polymer obtained was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC analysis. This graft co-polymer was used as an adsorbent in dye effluent treatment. It was more efficient than parent chitosan. Equilibrium sorption experiments were carried out. The experimental data was successfully fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

As a result of one-pot three-component reaction of ketoaziridines with two aromatic aldehydes in presence of ammonium acetate 1,3-diazabicylo[3.1.0]hex-3-ene derivatives were achieved. These compounds exhibit good photochromic behavior in solution and crystalline phase. The photochromic behavior of compounds 4(a-e) was investigated using absorption spectral changes.

Nickel (II) mixed chelates of Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and aniline with various dithiocarbamate ligands have been characterized by metal analysis, microbial activity, solubility, infrared and electronic spectral measurements. The compounds were generally insoluble in water and soluble in some solvents. The metal analysis gave values close to the expected percentage metal values confirming the coordination of the nickel metal in the complexes. The interpretation of the infrared spectra of the complexes showed that the two uninegative ligands coordinate to the metal ions in their complexes in a bidentate mode, the dithiocarbamate ligands binding through both sulphur atom and the Schiff base through the azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen. The electronic spectra revealed that the nickel complexes are typical of square planar as evidenced by the presence of two d-d absorption bands. The synthesized compounds showed moderate to high antibacterial activity against the test bacteria and can be effective as antibiotics.

During the recent decade, the anthropogenic activities have become dominating factor towards the problem of climate variability and change. This climate variability has become the centre of many scientific studies. The objective of this paper was to investigate the total wheat yield during the time period of 1989-2009 and the overall impact of climate on the wheat yield in the provinces of Pakistan. The key meteorological variables that influenced the wheat yield were identified, the correlation and regression functions between climate relevant wheat yield and these variables were established. The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between wheat yield and climatic variable and regression analysis revealed that high level of variance in wheat production could be explained by climatic parameters under study. The findings of the research suggested an intensification of research as well as the appropriate measures at raising wheat yields.

The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of therapeutic horseback riding on repetitive behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders. It was quasi experimental with one group Pre and Post Test design. The samples were 6 children with autism spectrum disorders selected through available method in a special education center for autistic children in Shiraz, Iran. All the participants had pre-test and then therapeutic horseback riding intervention for one month (consisting of two 45 minute session of riding per week) and finally post-test was administered. Bodfish et al (2002) revised repetitive behaviors scale was used to assess children’s repetitive behaviors. Paired-samples T Test was utilized to analyze the data. The results showed that therapeutic horseback riding decreases the repetitive behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders significantly. It can be concluded that therapeutic horseback riding has a positive effect on repetitive behaviors improvement.

The present paper intends to bring forward the impact of T.V programs on Indian College Students’ behavior. The progress of the human civilization is demarcated with district eras; these eras have been characterized by technological advances and innovation that changed the human life. The latest innovation to multiple satellite TV channels into the drawing of urban Indian is greatly determining the TV viewing behavior. The present study is conducted with the following objectives: 1.To find out the TV viewing behavior of Arts College Students in terms of various TV channels and types of programs . 2. To assess the perception of college youth regarding to TV programs and their influences both positive and negative. 3. To find out whether there is any association between certain demographic variables pertaining to College youth and their perception of TV programs. Keeping these objectives of the studying in view, the following questions have been formulated for variation: 1.Are the respondents, (College Students of Art College) likely to perceive the foreign program as source of negative influences? 2.Do the respondents watch Foreign Programs more than Indian programs? 3.Do the respondents watch documentaries less than the other type of films? The Sample is 120 Native Students from the Art College of Osmania University, (Hyderabad. India) which selected randomly from different departments. Keeping the study objectives in view, a questionnaire in English was developed pretested.

The purpose of this study is the review of the relationship between organizational trust and knowledge management in the national company of refining and distribution of the oil production in Kermanshah – Iran. This research is on the basis of the descriptive type, and the questionnaires are used in it. Aloonen et al., (2008). Questionnaires are used for organizational trust and for knowledge management evaluation is the questionnaires of Proset et al., Capacity of statistical society consist of 270 employee of the national company on the basis of the class accidental sampling among them, some of them have selected as a statistical sample and finally, 134 questioners have collected. Kolmogorov -Simonov test was used for the determining of the normality collected data, and to confirm the results of it. Hypothesis of the research were put in test container with spearman conjunction test. Results show meaning full and positive conjunction between trust and knowledge management. That is as trust of employees about their organization, increases; they should show much knowledge management.

This study was to analyze the content of the news reported in network Press TV. It studied the reflection of political events in this network. The research was performed for highlighting and emphasizing the political functions of the media and political communication using content analysis. The choice of network news, news related to political events that represent the policy of the media network, is taken into consideration. The study samples included news about the political events in Press TV network. In this study, 141 reports were selected for content analysis in terms of indicators such as induced bias or impartiality, the value of news, news items, and other news sources were evaluated. According to the results, most of the news, with only one-sided and agreeing point of view in covering news related to Iran, reflected in a few cases. The viewpoints were one-sided in favor, and opposite views were covered too. Merely the reflection of the agreeing views will manifest the orientation of the news and shows the network as biased. Thus, it is suggested to avoid declining opposite views and to cover them in a proffessional way. This will not only make audience rely more on the news, but also will help the reports to be more effective and thus, it will be easier for the audience to accept the main theme of the network.