Archives-December 

Rough Set Theory provides a formal framework for data mining. Feature Selection or Attribute Reduction is a preprocessing step in data mining, and it is very effective in reducing dimensionality, reducing irrelevant data, increasing learning accuracy and improving comprehensibility. The fuzzy-rough feature selection algorithm was used to handle the continuous real-valued data as well as to handle noisy data. It was implemented by standard fuzzification techniques enabling linguistic labels to be associated with attribute values. It also provides uncertainty modeling by allowing the possibility of the membership value to more than one fuzzy label. In this paper, we use an Improved Quickreduct algorithm by redefining the lower and upper approximations based on fuzzy set theory. The membership degrees of feature values to fuzzy sets are exploited in the process of dimensionality reduction. The experiments are carried out on public domain datasets available in UCI machine learning repository and real Tuberculosis data set.

The contributions of different covering materials used on internal building surfaces including walls, ceilings and floors to indoor radon concentration in 36 buildings were measured using an active electronic device, the Safety Siren Pro Series 3 Radon Detector (Model HS71512). The three commonest combinations of covering materials in Ogbomoso are (A): paint, paint, carpet; (B): paint, fibre board, plastic tile; (C): paint, fibre board, ceramic tile. The buildings with combination (C) contributed the highest to the indoor radon concentration in buildings investigated in Ogbomoso while buildings with combination (A) contributed the least. The mean value for combinations (B) and (C) were found to be slightly greater than the world average of 40 Bqm-3 (UNSCEAR, 2000). A person living in building with combination (A) receive an annual dose to the lungs smaller than someone living in a building with combination (B) and (C) by 2.0216 x 10-8 Svy-1

The estimation accuracy has been focused in various formal estimation models in recent research initiatives. The formal estimation models were developed to measure lines of code and function points in the software projects but most of them failed to improve accuracy in estimation. The concept of reusability in software development in estimating effort using artificial neural network is focused in this paper. Incorporation of reusability metrics in COCOMO II may yield better results. In COCOMO II it is very difficult to find the values of size parameters. A new model called COREAN has been proposed in this paper for better effort estimation accuracy and reliability. The proposed model has focused on two components of COCOMO II. First, instead of using RUSE cost driver, three new reuse cost drivers are introduced. Second, In order to reduce the project cost, three cost drivers such as PEXE, AEXE, LTEX are combined into single cost driver Personnel Experience (PLEX). Finally, this proposed model accuracy is more improved with the help of Enhanced RPROP algorithm and simulated annealing optimization technique.

This study compared the concentration of ascorbic acid between citrus fruits collected from farm of Kerman in Iran. Determination of ascorbic acid was carried out using a liquid chromatograph coupled to a diode array detector, with reverse phase and isocratic elution. The validation parameters showed efficiency, adequate linearity, relative standard deviation values 0.02 % (n=10) for repeatability and 0.5 % (n=15) for reproducibility, limit of detection (LD) was 0.2 mg L-1 recovery was between 97.3 % and 103.6%. Ascorbic acid 10 species of citrus: sour and sweet orange, umbilical orange, novel orange ,lime, lemon, pink and white grapefruit, aegle marmelos, bergamot, sour and sweet tangerines and clementine was determined. The average ascorbic acid was the highest in Shahdad’s citrus fruits.

To entrust the lives of sacrifice, to give the children right from the first week to the coinciding names bear. Everyone from the people, both male and female shall, by means of the right hand, or from the right is not. Isaac Sultan Morad was the first king of the dynasty of the old one from the right path A third reason is that the family should be the same as those selected by him, and the fourth is devoted to every single nut or dynamic And fifth from right to capitulate a white piece of cloth so it is important to say at the beginning of the creation God also led Pyrbnyamyn and friends Pyrbnyamyn and David confessed.

In the present study, the mosquito density of three selected sites of Madurai district viz., Elumalai, Kottaipatti and Usilampatti was surveyed. The results of the study indicate the presence of 10 species of mosquitoes which are grouped under four genera namely Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres and Culex. The numbers of mosquitoes collected belonging to various species were low with an exception of Culex quinquefasciatus. The diversity measures (Shannon’s and Simpson’s) shows slight variation among the three selected sites studied. The Shannon’s index for Kottaipatti is slightly higher (1.883) when compared to Elumalai and Usilampatti (1.804 and 1.804). The Simpson’s index for Kottaipatti is slightly higher (0.7994) when compared to Elumalai and Usilampatti (0.7677 and 0.7579). In the study period, the maximum density of the mosquito population noted in the month of July and October.The minimum density of mosquito population obtained in the month of September.

Due to the process of deforestation and Increasing human population and growing demands for forests, afforestation and the development of forest is and will be of paramount importance. The objective of this research is to identify suitable lands for afforestation and forest development in Mehran County on the western of Iran by using multi criteria evaluation making. Site selection analysis was carried out to find the best suitable lands for forest development and afforestation in an example of promising southern Ilam province, Iran. The GIS models were developed to represent a scenario of land use suitability in the study area using GIS Multi Criteria Analysis Modeling. The factors contributed in the analysis are the Topography, Land cover, Climate, Soil, and Geology. Land suitability maps for afforestation have been extracted using weighted overlay techniques. The total resulting areas for afforestation reveal the importance of forest development in Mehran County, and the suitability of the terrain. The suitable map for afforestation shows that 35.88% of the investigated area is highly suitable, 28.64% is moderately suitable and 35.46% is lowly suitable. According to autochthonous species and adaptive exotic species and their ecological demand suggest species for afforestation in suitable places that ecological demand of the suggested species is similar to ecology specifications of this suitable land that have capability for afforestation. Several species suggested for afforestation in suitable lands such as Amygdalus arabica, Prosopis juliflora, Pistasia atlantica, Eucaliptus camaldulensis, Ziziphus spina- christi, Ziziphus numularia, and Myrtus communis.

This study is designed to examine the effect of undersupply of fuel on the distribution of agricultural produce in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Oyo State. A multi stage sampling procedure was used in selecting 120 respondents for this study. Primary data were collected through administration of both well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule to elicit information from agricultural produce distributors. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to present the socio economic characteristics of the distributors and test the hypothesis respectively. The result of the finding revealed the socio- economic characteristics of the respondents such as year of experience of the respondents, the mean years of experience is 26years which means that the people have gained enough knowledge about farming and distribution of agricultural produce which could assist them in effective distribution and increase their income, it was also discovered that farming is the main economic activity of the people in the study area and this can bring higher productivity and make agricultural produce available and cheaper for distribution. The result of the finding also shown that the cost charge on transportation of agricultural produce is very high, which in many cases hinder distribution and lowers the distributors income and the quantity that will be distributed, it was also observed that the major causes of undersupply of fuel are: the mode of fuel distribution, oil marketers strike, NUPENG strike and prices at which fuel is sold. It was also revealed that fuel is one of the factors which greatly affect the distribution of agricultural produce in the study area. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that there is need for awareness about distribution of agricultural produce for the youths in the study area. More effort should be employed on the part of fuel marketers so as to effectively distribute fuel and avoid frequent strike. Black market should be discouraged so as to avoid hoarding of fuel and inflation of fuel prices and to ensure availability of fuel all year round. Government should put more effort in stopping NUPENG strike, so that fuel can easily be distributed. Government should improve payment of fuel subsidy so as to regulate and maintain fuel price in the area. Effort should also be made by Government in repairing old refineries so as to ensure availability of fuel all year round. Finally, Government should make effort in providing security on fuel pipes, to avoid underground drilling of fuel by exorbitance. 

Commitment is a manifestation of individual owns self and reflect values standard that are basic to an individual’s existence as a person. Based on the result shown that the commitment a closely associate with the attitudes of each employee in an organization. Attitudes can be described as an evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people or events (Robbins & Judges, 2007), it’s because employee’s attitudes can reflect from the emotion on attachment to the particular organization and amplify employee’s productivity. This study particularly examines the importance employee attitudes that can be revealing from the aspect on affective commitment. Affective commitment is one part of the organizational commitment. Which is organizational commitment can be classified into three (3) aspects which are affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. The objective of this study is to measure the employee attitudes among non academic in UiTM Kedah by using the affective commitment. 100 samples were selected involved eight departments in UiTM Kedah. The results show affective commitment is positively influence the employee commitment. In conclusion, it is hoped that this paper will give some insight to promote the importance on affective commitment among the government servant especially the non-academic staff in UiTM Kedah in order to increase their level of efficiency concerning the attitudes stability towards their own organization attached.

An electrochemical pulse technique have been used to make micro holes on conducting stainless steel substrate. The method is based on the application of ultra short nanosecond voltage pulses where electrochemical reactions are locally confined with sub micrometer precision. Due to gentle removal of the material the grain structure of the material is revealed without any chemical and mechanical modifications. Electrochemical micro machining is based on the finite charging time of the electrochemical double layer capacity on the electrode surfaces due to the finite electrolyte resistance. The machining precision depends upon the electrochemical reactions and related to the pulse length. The design and fabrication of a unique electrochemical machining production system capable of micro and nano scale drilling have been presented for conducting stainless surface. Benchmarking prototype tool against existing micro and nano fabrication tool have been designed. The optimization of the process parameters, electrolyte concentration and solution conductivity have been presented.