Archives-December 

The French Enlightenment of 18th century was the spiritual successor of Descartes’ rationalism and English empiricism. It gave the main inspiration to the radical political and cultural changes in whole Europe. Descartes himself escaped to draw possible logical consequences from his philosophical method in the field of moral and politics. But subsequent development of suggested method of critical inquiry soon raised suspicion not only to the existing scientific knowledge, but also to all forms of social beliefs and institutions. Very soon the critical reasoning spread over the European continent influencing all people who considered themselves progressive and modern. Different kind of followers united the idea of Reason and the power of new knowledge.

The physiochemical properties of the leaf extract of four Nigeria medicinal plants were investigated in order to ascertain their level of safety for human consumption. The results obtained from the analysis show a range of temperature 25.50 + 0.003 , 26.00+0.0020C, as against 30.000C obtained for the water used for the extraction, pH range 5.50+0.003 - 8.0+0.002. All the other extracts showed greenish coloration except Eremomastex polysperman extract that appears bluish purple. Electrical conductivity 24.00+0.012-145.20+ 0.053uscm-1. Suspended solid ranged between 1.60+0.001-3.60+0.008, dissolved solid 12.00+0.003-98.20+0.005, titratable alkalinity and acidity ranged 25.34+0.003-500.00+0.0012 and 40.44+0.005-900.00+0.128mg/l respectively. Biochemical oxygen demand BOD and dissolved oxygen DO values ranged 118.00+0.008-360.00+0.025 and 1.26+0.007-1.50+0.008 respectively. Total hardness ranged from 31.61+0.012 to 48.00+0.015. Finally sulphate, nitrate and chlorides values ranged within 2.10+0.003-24.20+0.004, 2.10+0.005-4.32+0.005 and 30.74+0.025-309.41+0.043 (mg/l). Respectively. The extraction of these leaves in water has strongly altered the entire physiochemical parameter of drinkable water. These variations does not show any definite correlation. However when compared with the WHO permissible level despite the variations over 85% of the values were within the permissible limits. Thus these extract may not pose any danger with respect to physicochemical properties except for acidity. Thus one may apply caution when consuming these extract.

Emotional intelligence is very important to everyone especially to educators. It can help them to controlling their emotional from stress, burnout, angry and others. It also educates the teacher the ways to become an outstanding and humanity teacher in their management. So the aims of, this study is to determine the level of the educational final year students and the relationship between the emotional intelligence with leadership style. The total of respondents are 26 students from Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The researchers were using questionnaires as an instrument to collect the data from respondents. After that, it was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. The data gathered the level of students emotional intelligence in a moderate level based on self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management elements. There is also a relationship between an emotional intelligence with leadership styles of students.

Thermal designing of a shell and tube heat exchanger typically includes the determination of heat transfer area ,number of tubes, tube length and tube diameter ,tube layout, number of shell and tube passes ,tube pitch, number of baffles, its type and size, shell and tube side pressure drop. This paper reveals the effects various parameters in the thermal designing of shell and tube heat exchanger.

This study uncovers the relationship between the impact of determinants such as transformational leadership and intrinsic motivation on employee creativity, where intrinsic motivation is a mediating party between their relationship and with other variables such as employee relational identification playing a moderating role between transformational leadership and intrinsic motivation and employee empowerment playing the moderating role between intrinsic motivation and employee creativity in the organizational culture of Pakistan. The sample data of two hundred respondents was collected from a well know leather exporting company in Pakistan, named Nova Leather Factory which is located in Lahore a city of Pakistan. All the people who are either in a leadership and/or managerial role or are currently working in an organization at various positions were eligible to fill the questionnaire as the instrument developed for the research. This research has validated the argument that transformational leadership is positively related to employee creativity while intrinsic motivation plays a mediating part and other factors such as employee relational identification and employee empowerment play a moderating part through statistical analysis i.e. Variable Measurement, Descriptive Statistics, Reliability Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Regression Analysis, of the data gathered through the means of statistical software i.e. SPSS 16.01. The results showed that transformational leadership can lead towards employee creativity and when these factors have an influence of intrinsic motivation, employee relational identification and employee empowerment these factors still have a positive significant contribution towards employee creativity. This research will help the managers and organizations to focus on aspects holding the most significance for the employee creativity and would became a valuable literature for further research and exploration.

There has been an increasing concern in many parts of the world, particularly in developing nations on the poor living conditions and deteriorating state of most urban residential neighbourhoods. The failure of many public and private housing projects has been attributed to the lack of consideration for adequate housing, as relevant parameters and indicators required for determining the quality and performance of residential neighbourhoods were ignored. Access to adequate housing has therefore remained one of the greatest challenges to human and sustainable urban development. Through a survey of two medium-sized private and public residential developments:- Bodija and Moremi, this study evaluates and compares neighbourhoods’ quality in order to determine the performance of housing development in Southwestern Nigeria. Using Analysis of Variance test; eighteen variables consisting of the dwelling, environmental and neighbourhood features were identified as significant determinants of residential quality in the study areas. These variables were rated and their total weight values obtained. Residential quality index (RQI) was calculated for each of the variables and different indices - 4.12 and 3.24 were obtained for Bodija and Moremi Estates respectively. These values indicate existing variation in the quality of the two neighbourhoods; with Bodija- a private residential estate having a higher quality rating than Moremi estate. The study showed that different factors determine neighbourhood quality and these affect users’ view on the performance of their dwellings. Rather than making a broad generalization in housing provision, the performance and quality of residential development could be measured and improved upon using appropriate indices based on users’ ratings of their dwellings.

Using galerkin’s method of finite element for predicting oxygen deficit in rivers is of great importance to water resources engineers. This is because of the trending discharge of untreated effluents in our water bodies which incidentally depreciates the dissolved oxygen needed by both man and aquatic organisms. As a numerical technique, it provides approximate solutions to physical problems with differential equations like the Streeter Phelps equation. In predicting the oxygen deficit along Nworie River in Imo State of Nigeria, a reconnaissance survey of the study area was conducted after which data were collected for physicochemical analysis of water samples; were determined using Galerkins weighted residual method. The study area was along Nworie river at three different locations namely: Amakohia head bridge; Assumpta-Holy Ghost college road; and Umezurike Hospital road. The result of the flow area after analysis gave 2.00, 5.28 and 5.32 m2 respectively. The velocities of flow of the three locations as well gave 0.467, 0.417 and 0.411 m/s respectively. The average discharge of the river gave 1.362 cubic metre per second. Furthermore, the concentration of dissolved oxygen from the laboratory experimental results were used to compute the oxygen deficit at the discharge point using dissolved – oxygen model (Streeter Phelps equation) by applying Galerkin’s weighted residual method approach. The oxygen deficit results at the five discretized nodes at location 1 (Amakohia head bridge) were: 5.728 mg/l at first node, 5.543 mg/l at the 2nd node, 5.356 mg/l at the 3rd node, 5.164 at the 4th node and 4.969 mg/l at the end node. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the measure of good fit using least square method denoted as ‘r’ value of 0.982 was computed during analysis. This showed that estimated dissolved oxygen using Galerkin’s weighted residual (GWR) method result is strong, positively correlated to the measured values of dissolved oxygen. The results in this research are invaluable for water resources and irrigation Engineers in predicting the effect of water pollution on the downstream users.

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 2,4-dichloro-?,?,?-trifluorotoluene (D???TFT ) have been recorded in the range of 4000–400 cm-1 and 3500–50 cm-1 respectively. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies in the ground state are calculated using the LSDA and B3LYP method with 6-311+G(d, p) and 6-311++G (d, p) basis sets . The computed values of frequencies are scaled using a suitable scale factor to yield good coherence with the observed values. Most of the modes have wave numbers in the expected range. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. NBO analysis has been performed in order to elucidate charge transfers or conjugative interaction, the intra-molecule hybridization and delocalization of electron density within the molecule. The total energy distribution (TED) has also been calculated for each mode of the vibration of the molecule.

Penile duplication is a very rare common congenital anomaly. It occurs alone, but the more prominent examples are usually associated with anomalies of the remnants of the genito-urinary tract and the lower gastrointestinal tract. The quantity of the anomaly ranges from a partial duplication of the glans to two separate penis situated at some distance from each other. A demonstrated classification is presented. The cause is unidentified but is best explained by an early disturbance in the embryologic development of the hindgut and ventral abdomen. Treatment must be personalized and consists of various processes to restore normal appearance and function.

A pre experimental study toassess the effectiveness of planned teaching programe interm of knowledge and attitude regarding safe motherhood among married couples. The objective of the study were assess level of knowledge and attitude among married couple on safe moterhood.Assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme in terms of knowledge and attitude among married couple on safe mother hood. To find out the association of kniwledge and attitude on safe mother hood wirh their selected socio-demographic variables. A pre- experimental research design was used .the investigators selected 60samples. Finding related to knowledge and attitude of couple related to safe motherhood. Major finding of the study of the study show that 47% of married couple were in age group(20-25year), 47% of married couple were in age group(26-30year),about (7%) of married couple were (30-35). In pre test 92 % of married couples were scored average scores there was no participant who ranked good score and 8% scored poor in attitude questionnaire. In post test 24% married couples were scored good and 73% of married couples were scored average scores and 3% particapant were in poor categories in attitude questionnaire.