Archives-December 

A Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of mobile wireless nodes that combine to form a network without any infrastructure. The main challenges in MANET are reliability, bandwidth and battery power. Broadcasting is important in MANET for routing information discovery. Broadcasting is the process in which a source node sends a message to all other nodes in MANET. The broadcast operation as a fundamental service in mobile ad hoc networks is prone to the broadcast storm problem if forwarding nodes are not carefully designated. This paper proposes a simple broadcast algorithm called double-covered broadcast which takes advantage of broadcast redundancy to improve the delivery ratio in an environment that has rather high transmission error rate. Only a set of selected nodes will forward the broadcast message. The selected nodes called forwarding nodes must satisfy the following two requirements: 1) the sender’s 2-hop neighbors are covered and 2) the sender’s 1-hop neighbors are either forwarding nodes or non forwarding nodes covered by at least two forwarding neighbors. The retransmissions of the forwarding nodes are received by the sender as the confirmation of their reception of the packet. The non forwarding neighbors do not acknowledge the reception of the broadcast. The proposed algorithm has many metrics such as balancing the average retransmission redundancy, avoid broadcast storm problem, recovering the transmission error locally and increasing the broadcast delivery ratio in a high transmission error rate environment.

Effect of different doses of nitrogen with or without GA3 application on plant height, nutrient uptake (N,P,K and S). Yield parameters in NDR-8501 Brassica juncea cultivar in year 2013-14. Field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of N.D.U.A.&T., Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Rabi season, mustard seeds were grown under different treatments. Three doses of nitrogen (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) and GA3 (50 ppm) spraying at 30 and 60 DAS, nutrient uptake, siliquae plant-1, seed siliquae-1, seed yield increases at 120 kg N ha-1 with spraying of GA3 at 30 DAS as compared to without GA3 spraying GA3 at 60 DAS spraying increase the observed parameters but it was low in comparison of 30 DAS. The optimum dose of nitrogen of recommended dose of fertilizer along with spraying of 50 ppm GA3 at 30 DAS can be used as optimum recommended source for improving mustard seed yield under local agro climatic conditions.

Abstract. The article focuses on the problem of teaching English for Specific Purposes for non-language students, particularly, assessing the role of supporting schemes at ESP classes for Physical Culture students. The goal of the research is to develop supporting schemes and to assess their role for training students’ speaking skills. Supporting schemes are found to create conditions for practical application of the acquired material and are a stimulus to students’ speech activity being supporting visuals for the development of speaking skills. Supporting schemes are determined to have a positive influence upon students’ state. They increase the level of students’ performance and decrease the level of high reactive anxiety. Key words: English for Specific Purposes, visual aids, supporting skills, students’ performance, the level of anxiety.

Objective: To describe the strengths and weaknesses of current media to act as a prime tool to tackle rural poverty and help in development. Design: A descriptive, cross sectional study design, collecting relevant quantitative and qualitative data was conducted. A data on retrospective histories and experiences of poverty was also captured to link the exposure pattern on the availability of government assistances through media vehicles. Setting: Urban community comprising of reporters and journalists belonging to different media houses in East Khasi Hills District from both the print and electronic media. Results: The working journalist in the State suggested that the media should create awareness programmes and make people aware of the schemes and loans being provided by the government. In addition, the media should also highlight the needs of the poor. These working professionals are consciously aware of its role but mentioned that they find it difficult in allotting space to information on government monetary benefits to the masses through their media houses. Conclusion: This study concludes that media has been ignoring poverty for too long. Media’s role in projecting and highlighting government’s assistance to help alleviate economic poverty in the State is a highly conscious elucidation endorsed by all.

Measurements on efflux time are performed for draining a large open spherical tank through an exit pipe, the flow in the exit pipe is assumed to be laminar. Laminar flow is maintained by using different concentrations of glycerin solutions. The experimental values are compared with the mathematical model and found to be in good agreement with the model. The model is also verified for different exit pipe lengths and different volumes of liquid in the tank. Further, the effect of addition of polyacrylamide and polythene oxide polymers on drag reduction for water as well different concentrations of glycerin solutions is contemplated. It is observed that, for the range of concentrations of polymers considered, drag reduction prevails in absence of glycerin solutions only. The optimum concentration with polyacrylamide is found to be 1.25 ppm and in case of polythene oxide, it is 10ppm. However, for the case of polymer solutions of different concentrations prepared using glycerin solutions, instead of drag reduction, drag enhancement takes place. The trend is found to be same for all volumes of liquid as well as for all exit pipe lengths. This suggests that caution has to be exercised when using polymer solutions for drag reduction in gravity driven flow systems.

In this paper we have explored the problem for generalized temperature functions considered over positive and negative time. We have established representation theorems and their applications.

Modal is one of the vital regenerated cellulosic fibres used in textile industries. It contains almost all the properties required for the textile applications. In this paper the physical properties, dyeing effects and antimicrobial characteristics of modal, cotton and modal / cotton (50 : 50 blend) fabrics are studied. Modal fabrics in original and in blended (50 : 50) form with cotton show good properties towards k/s value, wash, light and rubbing fastnesses and also for antimicrobial behavior.

The current paper presents the findings of a study, which investigated how organizational justice played an important role in human resource development. The sample consisted of 2883 employees and managers from Melli Bank in Iran from which 340 were selected by Cochran sampling formula in limited societies. The results of utilizing structural equation model in LISREL software environment illustrated that organizational justice and its three dimensions (include distributive, procedural and interactional justice) affect significantly and positively on human capital. Also by applying fuzzy TOPSIS technique in LISREL software environment illustrated that “employees’ skills and expertise“, ”employees’ abilities to associate in decision makings” and “leaving rate” were selected as the most important indices of human capital.

Festivals and traditional ceremonies are part of the cultural heritage of Africa. This is why the traditional Egungun festival in Yorubaland, till date, still enjoys indigenous monopoly. However, its resources as a unique cultural asset of Africans are presently under-utilized and therefore need to be further explored for greater relevance with the sophistication and demands of contemporary age. This, thus, constitute the subject of this paper. The paper, therefore, focuses on the exploration of the content and form of traditional egungun Ado festival in order to define the basis for its enduring value in Ado Ekiti. This is discussed from analytical and mythological perspectives. The paper establishes that for any art to thrive, it must remain dynamic. And more interesting, the paper unravels the dynamics, the beauty, the uniqueness and multiple potentials of this Egungun Ado festival. Through interviews, personal experience and observation, the paper posits that Egungun Ado festival plays pivotal roles in the social, religious and political milieu of the Ado people and has remained a rallying point. It concludes that Egungun Ado festivals with its rich content and form are crucial to the nation building process in African societies and in fact, capable of yielding great dividends in the global economy if appropriately explored. However, it is imperative that African countries implement credible cultural policies to index and protect the vulnerability of aspects of this Yoruba culture in the face of Western encroachments and onslaught of Islam and Christianity.

This paper presents an experiment concerning the contribution of workplace teaching to the better understanding of ESP terminologies. Accordingly, 40 learners majoring in electronic and power engineering were selected based on a language proficiency test. Randomly, they were divided into two experimental and control groups. While the instructional material was the same for both groups, experimental group was taught at the workplace while control group was taught in an academic environment. At the end of the experiment, the findings were compared through t-test. Results after the analysis of the data indicated that who were taught at the workplace gained more ESP vocabulary than those who were taught in academic environment.