Archives-December 

This study explored the impact of resiliency and protective factors in academic achievement among primary school pupils from refugee camps in Dadaab, Kenya. The data was collected from 188 pupils (132 males and 56 females) and 22 teachers selected from standard five to eight classes in 22 refugee primary schools. Both school and participants were selected randomly.A questionnaire was used to measure resiliency and the mean mark (MM) of the first term to measure the academic performance of the participants. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. T-test was used to compare male and female participants in resiliency and academic achievement. The ANOVA was used to compare the relationship between resiliency and academic achievement. The results of the study showed that there was significant differences between male and female pupils resiliency and academic achievement. Similarly, there was significant differences between pupils’ resiliency and educational class levels. Further results revealed that most pupils in refugee schools achieved poorly in academics, while most girls dropped out of school due to cultural barriers. Majority of the pupils were ignorant of protective factors to safeguard perceived risks such as family and society related risks. From the findings, it was recommended that different authorities from UNHCR and related humanitarian assistance organizations or counseling services at the schools ought to improve pupils’ psychological resiliency and provide support to help overcome risks and focus on academics with high level of self-efficacy to achieve.

Common field practice for electrical surveying relies on directly placing an electrical current into the ground (direct current electrical resistivity surveying) and measuring the response (the electrical potential drop) to that current over a set distance. Resistivity analysis was conducted at a site earmarked for a radioactive waste disposal facility known as the Borehole Disposal Concept (BDC) at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission’s site located at Kwabenya, in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Both resistivity profiling also known as electric trenching and vertical electrical sounding also known as electric drilling were employed in this study. The results from both techniques were processed and discussed. Medium to very low apparent resistivity were measured at certain stations/points on the survey lines which suggest the presence of geological structures/contacts such as faults and fractures at or around these stations. With the aid of the electrical sounding data the site was characterized as a four layer formation with the bedrock lying at depth of 17 m and beyond.

The fishing sector contributes to development and growth in many countries, playing an important role for food security and nutrition, poverty reduction, employment, economic development and trade, fisheries and aquaculture provided livelihoods and income for an estimated 54.8 million people engaged in the primary sector of fish production in 2011. The marine fisheries of Somalia have generally held an important position in the Somali economy and culture. Somalia has a large coastline, covering 3,300 kilometers and a corresponding Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering 39, 000 kilometers. In 1990, prior to the collapse of the Somali government, fisheries contributed 2 percent of the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP), an estimated $15 million USD per annum, while providing over 18,000 tons of fish for human consumption. The research explores the role of fishers and aquaculture for sustainable development, economic growth and global food security. To determine employment in the fishing industry leads to economic development and the role of fishing in poverty alleviation in Somalia. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of Somalis economy, the principal exports Somalia's Livestock are fish, charcoal, and bananas. Fisheries play an important role in the economy of Somalia in expanding food supply, raising nutritional level, generating employment, and in earning foreign exchange, in order to increase production of fisher industries. It is of this shortage of empirical evidence on the role of fishing in poverty alleviation that the study intends to reveal the role of fishing in economic development of Somalia as this will guide policy formulation on fishing.

Aims & Objective: Objective of this study was to investigate the lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants status in women with preeclampsia and compare with that of women with normal pregnancy and postpartum preeclamptic women. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 100 cases out of which 25 were normal healthy non pregnant controls, 25 were normal healthy pregnant women in third trimester, 25 were in third trimester with preeclampsia and 25 were postpartum preeclamptic women. Whole blood was used to detect Malondialdehyde (MDA) a product of lipid peroxide, Enzymatic antioxidants like Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase and Catalase. Results: There was 0significant increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA) in all the groups as compared to nonpregnant controls (P< 0.001). Elevated levels of malondialdehyde in pre-eclamptic subjects declined significantly (p<0.001) after delivery. A significant decrease (P<0.001) in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants viz. Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase and Catalase was observed in all the groups as compared to nonpregnant controls. In the postpartum preeclamptic group Glutathione reductase and Catalase levels were increased whereas the increase in the levels of Glutathione peroxidase and Glutathione reductase was not significant. Conclusion: Our study shows clear insight into disturbances associated with preeclampsia with enhanced lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidants which are help full in understanding the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Black rot of cocoa pods, a disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., causes significant production losses all over the world. To reduce the impact of this pest, genetic control using resistant varieties is favored.To do this, inoculations having shown the interest of the INERA Yangambi collection, consisting in the evaluation of the resistance of 14 “CRY” clones, vis-à-vis inoculations of a strain of L. theobromae were operated. This study, carried out in Yangambi in the DRC, using inoculation on detached pods with series of tests and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the data confirms that two clones representing 14.28% of the subjects tested do indeed constitute resistant materials. L. theobromae. In addition, 5 clones or 35.71% are considered moderately resistant. However, the other remaining materials could be integrated into many cocoa genetic improvement programs, especially those with other notable qualities. The Yangambi collection with 62 accessions,

In today’s world technology is getting more advanced, we have new technology for our personal living, even at home. Home automation is becoming more popular around the world and is becoming a common practice. The main concept of home automation is to automate everything in the house which can be done using technology to control and do the tasks that we would do manually. In this paper, we illustrate use of remote devices such as mobile phone, tablet or desktop and laptops to control, monitor the Home Appliances. In today's era, technology can enhance comfort zone of human life. Technology is evolving rapidly. By using the latest technology for home automation, we can build a fully automated home. By Using Raspberry Pi and Aurdino, a home automation system is built and is capable of operating home appliances automatically. In this paper we have implemented home automation for controlling electrical home appliances. We have provided the facility to control these devices through web as well as through mobile. Here we are using Raspberry Pi-3 as a server and Arduino to get the signals and send the same to the server. This paper proposes a very economical system for home automation.

The aim of this study was to determine the amount and composition of wastes generated within all key campus operational areas to approach the best strategy for waste management. Samples were taken daily, across the main campus, for a week with one month interval in 2010. Sampling as well as determination of waste composition methods was according to standard for determining unprocessed municipal solid waste composition (ASTM D5231-92). To estimate the amount of wastes produced daily in the campus, waste handling trucks were weighed. The results showed that the campus of University of Tabriz produced 2.5 metric tons of wastes per day that more than 80% of it could be diverted through waste reduction, recycling and composting activities. Compostable organic material was the most significant waste type. Compostable organic material, plastic wastes, paper and paper products were the other important materials for the targeted waste reduction and recycling efforts. Various educational and policy strategies, that can be used to propound campus community waste minimization behaviors in the long term, are discussed.

Spam is the sending unwanted e-mail messages frequently with different contents, in large quantities to an indiscriminate set of recipients, and often proselytes a service or a website. Many intelligent systems have been developed for detecting spam emails, but many of them don’t have enough speed. In this paper, a fuzzy spam detection system in text classification mode is described that has been implemented in MATLAB. Because of the ANFIS uses the approximation capability of FIS and ANN as adaptive, it acts simple and powerful. In the proposed method, first extractor starts to extract all the tokens in the body of all emails. Genetic algorithm (GA) is then applied, to select the appropriate features of the tokens. These features are saved in a dictionary. Then ANFIS uses this dictionary for classifying emails. In this project, ANFIS has three inputs and one output. For obtaining ANFIS’ inputs, calculate a spamicity for each token. This criterion shows the rate of dangerous of each token. Then tokens of each email are classified into three categories, based on the amounts of their spamicity. Counts of tokens in each category, are three inputs to ANFIS system. ANFIS’ output determines that each email is spam or not.

In wireless sensor network Localisation is described as a crucial service and energy demanding process in sensor network. GPS-equipped node where used for localisation process, in order to reduce the cost and increase the life time of the network, the mobile beacon localization is considered to eliminate GPS nodes. A localization error control scheme, namely "Spider Web", based on which the mobile beacon trajectories along a predefined spider web intersection path. The accuracy of the localization of nodes, time consumption of mobile beacon is efficient and localization error ratio is controlled. Based on the results, the spider web algorithm is efficient in localization accuracy and time, energy, consumption of mobile beacon, throughput and packet delivery ratio than Z-power algorithm.

Fluid flow in a backward – facing step (BFS) geometry is one of the most important bench mark problems used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It consists of an out flow boundary condition. In the present work, the laminar, incompressible flow over backward facing step is being calculated using computational fluid dynamics. The Reynolds number taken for the simulation is 800. For Re = 800, the momentum and energy solutions at various downstream locations are compared with the bench mark results and found to be in good agreement with bench mark results.