Archives-December 

Mobile Ad hoc Networks is a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form temporary networks without relying on any existing infrastructure or centralized administration or standard support services regularly available in wide area networks to which the host may normally be connected. In this paper we proposed new distance vector routing algorithm (DVRA) for detecting and correcting the black hole and grey hole attack made by intruding nodes.

In the present study, the mosquito density of three selected sites of Dindigul district viz., Sempatti, Chinnalapatti and J.K.Patti was surveyed. The results of the study indicate the presence of 10 species of mosquitoes which are grouped under four genera namely Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres and Culex. The numbers of mosquitoes collected belonging to various species were low with an exception of Culex quinquefasciatus. The diversity measures (Shannon’s and Simpson’s) shows slight variation among the three selected sites studied. The Shannon’s index for Chinnalapatti is slightly higher (1.883) when compared to Sempatti and J.K.Patti (1.804 and 1.804). The Simpson’s index for Chinnalapatti is slightly higher (0.7994) when compared to Sempatti and J.K.Patti (0.7677 and 0.7579). In the study period, the maximum density of the mosquito population noted in the month of July and October. The minimum density of mosquito population obtained in the month of September.

In this paper, the author explains the nature and behavior of credit deposit ratio of scheduled commercial bank in India from 1980 to 2017 using RBI data. The paper showed trend line,structural breaks,cyclical behavior,volatility and forecast value of 2030 of credit deposit ratio.The paper explores cointegration and vector error correction models for credit deposit ratio,inflation rate,lending rate,GDP and NPA from 1996-97 to 2017-18 in Indian scheduled commercial banks and concludes that there are long run causalities from inflation,GDP, and NPA to lending rate and from credit deposit ratio, inflation rate and GDP to NPA which are significant. But,insignificant long run causalities were found from GDP, inflation, NPA to credit deposit ratio. Moreover, there are significant short run causalities from NPA to inflation rate and from GDP to NPA of scheduled commercial banks in India.

This research was carried out during the 2016-2017 growing season at Bayburt University, Food and Agriculture and Livestock Application and Research Center (40°24'05.7"N 40°08'31.3"E). In the research determined morphological and agronomic characteristics of organic and conventionally grown common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. In the study, 13 local bean genotypes and 3 registered varieties (Onceler-98, Aras-98 and Gungor) were used. A randomized complete block design was organized as a split parcel trial design with three replication. Common bean which was organic and conventionally grown, plant height, first pod height, stem diameter, pod width, pod length, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield parameters were measured. It has been determined that there were significant differences in some traits between the genotypes. According to the results obtained from study, the Petekli local bean genotype has the same statistical group as the common bean cultivars (Gungor, Onceler-98, Aydintepe) in terms of seed yield. On the other hand there was no significant difference between organic and conventional farming methods in terms of seed yield. 

Much concentration was directed towards different types of adsorbents used in adsorbing heavy metals from the industrial waste water by using the availables chemical, physical and biological techniques. The present study is designed to use less-cost and more available adsorbents to eliminate heavy metals in the industrial waste water.An alcoholic essence from the natural material Rhatany is used in this research (with concentrations 100,200, 300, 400, 500, 600 milligram/liter) as a primary material with adsorbing Cadmium, Cobalt , Chrome, and Copper, from the lab prepared mixture.The research investigated a number of variables as the acid pointer pH, time of mixing, primary concentration, lightening, temperature, and their various effects on the absorbing process to define the ideal circumstances to get the best adsorbing of materials by using this material.Equilibrium Isotherm experiences were conducted and the findings were analyzed by using Freundlich model and Langmuir model. It is found that Langmuir model is the better mathematical model to represent the results of adsorbing all the ions than Freundlich model where Langmuir constant factor was (0.967,0.962,0.976 ,and 0.965 milligram/gram )for Cadmium, Cobalt , Chrome, and Copper.(Kinetic) experiments were conducted where the findings were used to analyze the effect of the stratum surrounds the particles of the adsorbing material. There was good harmony between the practical and theoretical findings taken from the absorbing model in Kinetic experiments when mobile interaction model of the second degree Pseudo Second Order Kinetic is used where more than 95% of Cadmium, Cobalt , Chrome, and Copper, were adsorbed.The findings showed the possibility of eliminating Cd(II), with 100% , Co(II), with 100%, Cr(VI), with 100%, Cu(II), with 100% with a capacity of adsorption of Cadmium, Cobalt , Chrome, and Copper, with 25 milligram for each gram from the roots of Rhatany.Comparisons between the findings of the present study and other studies showed the high efficiency of this cheap type of these adsorbed and available materials to eliminate the pollution of Cadmium, Cobalt , Chrome, and Copper , (as heavy poisonous metals) from industrial water before releasing it to sewage water.

The effect of maturity stages (premature, mature and over mature) on performance of four cultivars of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle)- (namely : Rahad, Fashir, Kass and Abaid)- were studied by evaluating some of its chemical constituents, organic acids (citric, ascorbic and tartaric), anthocyanin's as (malvidin and pelargonidin), pH and essential amino acids under the semi – arid conditions of Sudan. HPLC and amino acid analyzer were used in this study. It was found that, there was a significant effect of maturity stages on pH, organic acids, essential amino acids and anthocyanin's. Mature stage of four Roselle cultivars gave significantly higher pH. Total percentages of identified organic acids (citric, ascorbic and tartaric acids) were the highest in all cultivars at mature stage, Fashir and Abiad cultivars gave significantly higher organic acid than other one. pre mature stage gave significantly higher amount of the essential amino acids, on the other hand Abiad and Kass cultivarss gave the highest amount of the essential amino acids among all cultivars. Mature and over mature stages in all cultivars gave higher percentage of anthocyanin's as ( malvidin and pelargonidin), within cultivars Rahad cultivar has the highest value of anthocyanin, and Abiad cultivar has lowest amount of these pigments.

This work is devoted to see how the phosphors concentration (N_P) effect on the band gap value in Light Dependent resistance (LDR) doped with phosphors. This effect is studied using visible light. The variation of the band gap with the different concentration is also studied in this work. In this work the dependence of the band gap on the phosphors concentration (N_P) and the magnetic field is discussed. We show that the gap width decreases with magnetic field approaching the critical value. The decrease in gap width has been calculated for (7 samples) Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) with different concentration ( N_P ) . From our results we found that the band gap in the light dependent resistance (LDR) doped with phosphors (P) depends not only on the donor’s concentration but also on the magnetic field, and the wave lengths of the visible light. The result of this work should provide useful guidance for the optical absorption in semiconductors.

Taxi business comes in various forms; there is the traditional taxi business model, a car-hire service, or a digital taxi business in which online systems such as Apps are used for taxi hailing. ICT revolution has made technologies cheaper, more powerful and improved business processes while also bolstering innovation across all sectors of the economy, resulting to emergence of the digital economy. Digital economy is characterised by the use of electronic technologies to transact business. The prevalent use of technology for businesses has resulted to numerous tax challenges that has ultimately influenced tax compliance. Globally, most countries are faced with a critical need of enhancing tax compliance among their taxpayers. This research therefore attempts examine how the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) affect tax compliance of digital taxi businesses in Mombasa County? The research study therefore applies the theory of Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) to understand the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) affect tax compliance of digital taxi businesses in Mombasa County. The study adopts a descriptive research in which we apply cross-sectional study where we will draw samples that are representative of the specific population, with the target population being digital taxi drivers in Mombasa County. Data was collected with the help of questionnaires and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the correlation analysis r=0.659 indicate that there is a strong positive correlation between ICT infrastructure and Tax Compliance. The study recommended that; KRA and policy makers should introduce a simple tax system for digital businesses to enforce and enhance accountability, declaration and payment of taxes due from all taxpayers; while at the same time KRA should also incorporate and adopt enhanced technologies that will assist in tracking digital taxi business operators? behaviour so as to improve tax compliance. The research recommends further researches on other factors such as organization structures, trade and government regulations that might also affect tax compliance for digital taxi businesses.

The purpose of this paper was to establish the effects of credit risk and loan repayment on Kenya Power profitability. The increase in Kenya Power customer base has been a major challenge as majority of the customers especially the rural customers cannot afford to connect to the power grid due to high connectivity costs. Descriptive research design was used for this study and the target population was all 47 County managers in Kenya where respondents were selected using stratified sampling technique. The sample size used was 42 respondents and primary data was obtained by use of questionnaires whereas secondary data was obtained from the Kenya Power, Coast region. The study recommends that the Kenya Power should lower the amount required as deposit so as to increase the uptake stima loan by customers. The study also recommends that stima loan processing fee should be factored as major income to the Kenya Power as it increases profitability of the company.

The term Demonetization has become a household name since the government pulled the old Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 currency notes out of circulation. It is a transformational decision taken by the government to ban the Rs.500 and Rs.1000 currency notes from circulation in the market. This Demonetization of INR 500 and INR 1,000 currency notes in India on November 8th 2016 is different from many other earlier occasions scrapping of high value notes in two respects – the withdrawal of their legal tender status and continuation with INR 1,000 and INR 2,000 currency notes. It has resulted in a cash shortage and many other forms of inconveniences to the public, which were expressed in the present survey. The present paper highlights the consequences of this decision on various economic variables and entities. Despite major developments in paperless currency over the past decade, tangible cash remains widely used throughout the India. Therefore, one of the main motivates behind this study is to find out the impact of Demonetization with the direct views of residents of Guntur city by way of conducting a survey. The perceptions of the select respondents revealed quite interesting findings, which are presented in this paper.