Archives-December 

Water quality parameters from three sampling stations in Ikpa River, Nigeria were investigated for a period of 12 calendar months from March 2009 to February 2010. ANOVA result showed that all the parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) except transparency and pH. Sampling station and month effect on the parameters showed significance by LSD means separation in all parameters (P<0.05) except air temperature, transparency and pH, thus, some were highly significant while others were significant. pH values in all the stations remained the same indicating uniformity from the upstream to downstream. PC 1 and 2 axes in the combined stations indicated clusters of PO4-P, NO3-N and SO42- which showed that they have high positive correlations with each other, thus, there is inferred eutrophication and subsequent pollution. AT and WT showed high positive correlation in clustering together in all the stations indicated the effect of climate change which is a global environmental menace due to the increased of the earth’s surface. High positive correlation of FCO2 and BOD indicated low dissolved oxygen which endangers the lives of aquatic fauna. The clustering of TDS and transparency together was an indication of high ionic constituents of the water, thus, inferring nitrification. CCA showed effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton species and the main source of pollution to be from organic materials. Seasonal variability showed higher factor loadings during the dry season than during the wet season (P<0.05). Temporal variableness had highest factor loadings occurring in February (P<0.05). The total number of families, genera and species of phytoplankton sampled were 7, 67 and 106 respectively.

Every fuzzy context free language L(G) can be generated by N-triangular form of fuzzy context free grammar is Proved in this paper with illustrated examples.

 In this research to estimate of the forming energy of Zn-Ferrite were used of the isothermal reaction by using Avrami equation and Avrami Ozawa for Non-Isothermal reaction in use Flow Injection Synthesis reactor, whether as Isothermal or non-isothermal. According the methods above can be obtainedthe formation energy of Zn-Ferrite. In this research have be done four time isothermal experiments at the temperature 60 0C,70 0C and 80 0C respectively. The sampling of experiment data have be done effectively using pH data logger where both pH and temperature were written in SD card memory automaticallyin form Excel format. As a result the formation enthalpy (?H) 4.2 kcal / mol with entropy (S) 12.6 cal / mol deg and 3:14 density gr / cc,respectively

V-Trough solar simulator (VTSS) was designed and constructed at Measurements lab of Annamalai University and its performance was analyzed on indoor test facility. Integrating the heat pipe with V-Trough absorber plate can improve the system performance. VTSS system uses three different heat pipes such as circular, semicircular and Elliptical of same length 900 mm and diameter of 18 mm, 22 mm, 24 mm respectively. The experiment had been conducted by changing the heat pipes of the collector (VTSS). The output responses such as heat output, thermal resistance and overall efficiency has been analyzed with respect to each heat pipe experimentally by using commercial Design of Expert version DX 9 software by using Box- Behnken design of Response Surface Method (RSM). Contour diagram shows the factors effecting and thermal behaviour of the heat output, thermal resistance and overall efficiency has been shown. From the mathematical results and RSM optimization it is concluded that experimental setup integrated with circular heat pipe gives higher heat output and overall efficiency with less thermal resistance.

Hip dislocation is a therapeutic emergency, which results from violent trauma often associated with local or general lesions. Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess the treatment outcome of the follow-up of hip dislocation in Bamako, Mali. In our retrospective study, we recruited patients with traumatic hip dislocation from January 2012 to December 2016 and followed them up at the orthopedic and trauma department of the University Hospital (CHU) Gabriel Toure. In total, 81 patients (69 men and 12 women) with traumatic hip dislocation were included in our study with a sex-ratio of 5.7. The average age was 31.83 years old a standard deviation of 13.68 years old and extremes of 9 years old and 70 years old. Trauma was due to Public Road Accidents in 93.82% of the cases. The most frequent traumatic hip dislocation was anatomo-radiologic type I dislocation from steward and Milfrod with 62.96 %. Associated lesions were noticed in 67.90% of cases. In 97.53% of the patients underwent orthopedic treatment. Patients were followed up for at least a year. Complications were characterized by chronic pain in 48.14%. Outcomes were favorable in 51.85% of cases. Traumatic hip dislocation is common in young people in Mali. It is serious and may engage the functional prognosis of the hip, especially in case of associated lesions. The treatment has to be urgent and appropriate for a better outcome.

In this paper, an attempt is made to develop an optimization model for design of a steel truss using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and 2D truss analysis using stiffness method program of NewCivil.com in the MATLAB. The objective function is to minimize the total weight of the truss, subjected to satisfaction of the constraints of axial stresses in the members of the truss and nodal displacements. The 2D truss analysis program is validated with STADD.Pro V8i. The constraints violation is handled by using an adaptive penalty function. GA tool kit functions and the 2D analysis program are combined and implemented in MATLAB. The proposed model is tested on a 3-bar steel tubular truss. After several runs and out of many optimal solutions obtained, the solution with a total weight of 150.15 Kg is considered as the best and the corresponding results are presented.

Owing to population growth, poor levels of hygiene and increasing urban poverty, the urban environment in many developing countries is rapidly deteriorating. Density packed housing in shanty towns or slums and inadequate drinking water supplies, garbage collection services, surface water drainage systems combine to create favourable habitats for the proliferation of vector and reservoirs of communicable diseases. As a consequence, vector borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, lymphatic filariasis are becoming major public health problems associated with rapid urbanization in many tropical countries. The problems in controlling these diseases and eliminating vectors and pests can be resolved by decision- makers and urban planners by moving away from the concept of “blanket” applications of pesticides towards integrated approaches. Sound environmental management practices are community education and participation from the mainstay of some of the most outstanding successes in this area.

This paper describes the sexual violence in John Grisham’s novel A Time to Kill. The Sexual Violence in America is because of racial Discrimination, and in India is Rich and Poor. Money makes many thing in Indian constitution.

This paper deals with series connection of stator windings and with decoupled dynamic control, it has been introduced recently. The two-motor drive system is supplied from a single five-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) and the machines are controlled using vector control scheme. In literature this drive configuration utilizes current control in the stationary reference frame so current fed machine models are employed and the current regulated PWM multi-phase inverter replicates the current references. If current control is to be implemented in the rotating reference frame, a PWM method for the five-phase VSI is needed to generate required reference voltages. This paper proposes voltage modulation scheme to generate five-phase inverter output signals using a simple approach, in such a way that independent and decoupled control of two five-phase series-connected machines is achieved with minimum interaction between the two machines. The proposed method offers significant advantages over the existing space vector PWM. The suggested method generates output voltages that contain two fundamentals at operating frequencies required by the two machines with reduced computational burden on digital signal processor (DSP). The concept is verified by simulation and experimental approach.

IEEE 802.16 family of standards (also known as WiMAX) is a broadband wireless access technology that is designed to offer high-speed connectivity. Broadband access to Internet is currently dominated by wired technologies like DSL and cable. WiMAX technology provides wireless alternative to broadband access and need to support various Internet traffics and applications. In this paper focus is to simulate and transfer of different traffics with different error correction techniques implemented in MAC layer and provides the comparative analysis of the throughput and end-to-end delay characteristics. Channel error rate is varied to observe the performance differences. Simulation results show that the error control techniques at MAC layer provides substantial improvements in end-to-end throughput and delay characteristics at lower error rates. Hybrid ARQ mechanism outperformed all other error control schemes even at significantly high error rates.