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Organization is a relatively young science in comparison with the other scientific disciplines. (Ivanko, 2013) Accounts of the growth of organizational theory usually start with Taylor and Weber, but, as Scott (1987) mentions, organizations were present in the old civilizations which goes back to Sumerians (5000, BC) and which experiences its maturation phase with Taylor, Fayol and Weber, continuing to come up to present with modern management methods and principles. The modern organization may be the most crucial innovation of the past 100 years and it is a theory which will never complete its evolution as the human being continues to exist. Understanding how organizations work has been the focus of scientists and scholars until the early part of the 20th century. Just as organizations have evolved, so to have the theories explaining them. These theories can be divided into 9 different “schools” of thought (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2005): Classical Organization Theory, Neoclassical Organization Theory, Human Resource Theory, or the Organizational Behavior Perspective, Modern Structural Organization Theory, Organizational Economics Theory, Power and Politics Organization Theory, Organizational Culture Theory, Reform Though Changes in Organizational Culture and Theories of Organizations and Environments. This introductory paper will concentrate on the organization culture theory and is divided as follows: The introduction talks about the developments of the organization and organization theory from its early stages with detailed definitions. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. At further section, by looking at the perspectives of the 9 pioneering people (Schein, Martin, Ouchi, and Cooperrider & Whitney) main principles of the classical organization theory are presented one by one. Section 4 mentions strengths and weaknesses of the classical organizational theory and section 5 discusses and concludes the paper.

Work ethic of employees in the organization in terms of behavior and social interaction, value judgments, Including individual attitudes and values, as well as to reflect external behavior of these attitudes and values. Article formed from the concept of the work ethic, the structure and measurement of relevant empirical research, cross-cultural comparison study, five aspects, presentation and evaluation of the work ethic Research organization. The article concluded that the work ethic future research trends.

Ovarian Fibroma is the commonest benign tumor of the ovarian sex-cord stromal (mesenchymal). These tumors are usually solid tumors and are usually seen in middle aged women and diagnosed by ultrasound or CT scan and confirmed by pathological findings1.According to FIGO staging of cervical carcinoma, for IA2-IB-IIA2, are usually treated by surgical methods like Primary radical hysterectomy with bilateral salphingo-oopherectomy with or without pelvic node dissection and followed by chemo or radiation depending on the histopathological findings, if nodes are positive for malignancy.

To know Direct and indirect effect of different variables in individual changes of SHG members, the path analysis has been applied. For this purpose the data have been collected from Dharwad district, Karnataka state. It is evident that variable can have only direct effect, only indirect effect on a dependent variable or variables. To archive this, the path analysis was applied. Which reveals that the four independent variables are found to be statistically significant and Direct effect on Individual changes of SHG members.

This research was carried out to examine the Impact of recruitment policies and procedures on the performance of civil service, (A study of the Nigerian Television Authority towards the effectiveness or efficiency of the present civil service compared to the past, Consequent upon this, the organization is realizing its goals and objectives which form the primary aims for establishing the company However if is recommended that the company should maintain her training policy and the establishment of its own educational in-door programmes. There should be creation of work-study section in all the departments of the organization which could enhance on the spot identification of problems for correction. Also staff motivation should be encouraged to enable them put their best. Recognition of the above is essential because great management ideas are strictly arm chair until a manager puts them into effect through manpower planning.

This paper introduces manufacturer consumer supply chain model to investigate pricing and advertising decision when price discounts and credit facilities for certain period are offered by the manufacturer. In this supply chain, the manufacturer is the supreme power to decide the level of price discount, advertising, brand name investment and has the power to introduce the credit period facility. For the first case when the manufacturer proposes price discount, we found that as there is no contribution of retailer in the supply chain, the manufacturer only utilises the entire profits and through the intensive marketing strategies, the manufacturer can equilibrium their consumers. For the second case, when the manufacturer introduces the credit period facilities to attract more number of consumers in wide range, we found that both the manufacturer and consumer have substantial benefits which lead to augment of profit margin and derive fulfilment respectively. Numerical examples were given to illustrate the optimal profit margins in the manufacturer consumer supply chain.

This article shows that right to vote is a recognized human right, under many international human rights instruments, that should be respected and ensured to citizens without any discrimination. It, after scrutinizing the election laws of Ethiopia via the mirror of the constitution and international human rights instruments, determines that the election laws of Ethiopia, which prohibit prisoners’ right to vote, are unconstitutional and recommends the Ethiopian government to reconcile it again.

The construction industry is a significant part of economic in each country and makes an important contribution to gross domestic product, employment and capital formation. There are various problems encountering the construction industry and these hardships run rather deeper in developing countries. Purpose/methodology: In an effort to investigate and develop the construction industry in developing countries in Asia, especially in Iran, this study aims to examine the understanding, profitability and public satisfaction about the construction project and focuses on nine areas of distinct project management knowledge in order to verify their level of implementation these factors into the construction context. The large number of professionals of construction industry of Iran was chosen for this research, the research was conducted through a structured questionnaire. The analysis method in this research is quantitative. SPSS version 19 was used to analysis the data. Findings: This study finds out that public satisfaction have direct effect on profitability of the constructions project and, also a majority of respondents believe that project managers have an effective role to develop construction industry. In addition, the level of implementation project management knowledge areas in current construction industry in Iran is less than average.

Proximate composition, mineral composition and anti-nutrient factors were determined in the hull and cotyledons of the kernel of dika nut (Irvingia gabonensis) on dry weight basis. Higher values (g/100 g) protein, fat, ash, fiber, dry matter, fatty acid and calorific value were recorded in the cotyledon. In minerals, the levels in cotyledon were higher than hull in (mg/100 g): Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Fe, Cd, Ni, and P and in [K (Ca + Mg)], Ca/P and Ca/Mg. In the anti-nutrients, hull was higher in tannin, oxalate, phytate, phytin phosphorus, saponins, alkaloids and phytin phosphorus as a percentage of total phosphorus. The levels of Phy: Zn, Ca: Phy and Ca: Phy/Zn was good enough in the hull and cotyledon for the body to absorb calcium and zinc for its physiological activities. Significant differences existed between the hull and the cotyledon in all the parameters determined with high positive rxy at r = 0.05.

In the present world scenario, in most of the places, people have been using English (American, British, Australian, etc) for business communication. There are a few pockets in this world, where English is not spoken. But, majority of the people in the world speak, read, and write English; they also use it to further their business needs, skills, and requirements. People who are from non-native English speaking countries need to learn this language separately as their second language, whereas native speakers, whose first language is English ,not only speak it fluently since their childhoods but also it in their day - to - day inter action. Interest in learning-strategies began with the publication of papers col1ctiveIy known as the ?good language 1earner” studies (Cohen & 998). Since then, hundreds of studies have been generated that lock at different aspects of learning-strategies and their roles in second 1anguage learning.