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The study sought to find out the influence of teachers’ work load on pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools in Nandi north sub county, Nandi County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The target population was 172 headteachers and 1302 teachers. The sample size was 17 Head teachers and 93 teachers. The consistency of the study instruments was measured using test- retest reliability whereby the same groups of respondents were used repeatedly to test whether the same results could be obtained. The content validity was ascertained by the researcher in consultation with the supervisors and expert opinion from three lecturers of the School of Education, Kisii University. To select the individual teachers, the researcher used simple random sampling method. Data was collected by use of questionnaire and interview schedules. The questionnaire allowed measurement for or against a particular view point. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage tables) with the help of SPSS. There was high teaching workload which led to tiresome preparation of teachers in discharging their teaching duties hence lowering performance in national examinations. The study indicated that teachers had no enough time for professional development and workload conditions were not favourable hence the academic performance of pupils was affected

Ticks constitute major pests of domestic animals through sucking of blood and transmission of many parasitic diseases. The search for alternative acaricides as ticks develop resistance to the ones in use is an ongoing process. This study was carried out to test potential acaricidal properties of the wormwood (Artemisia alfa) in Olive oil/Trilene formulation against larvae three tick species Boophilus decoralatus, Ripicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi. The study was carried at the Central Veterinary laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe, from November to December 2011. The tick larvae were exposed to four concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%) of the wormwood leaf extract using the Larval Packet Test (LPT). All leaf extract concentrations induced mortality and mortality increased with concentration. Larvae of Boophilus decolaratus were the most sensitive to the leaf extract with mortalities of 51.7% in 100% leaf extract and larvae of Rhipicephalus evertsi were the least sensitive (40% mortality) at the same concentration. Tick species and leaf extract concentration had significant effect on tick mortality (P<0.05). The study opens a potential weapon to deal with ticks especially for the poor upcoming farmer with limited resources

Total Dominating Color Transversal Set of a graph is a Total Dominating Set which is also Transversal of Some ? - Partition of vertices of G. Here ? is the Chromatic number of the graph G. A Total Dominating Color Transversal Set of a graph G is called Minimal Total Dominating Color Transversal Set of the graph if no proper subset of it is a Total Dominating Color Transversal Set of G. In this paper, we determine a necessary and sufficient condition under which a Total Dominating Color Transversal Set becomes Minimal. We also obtain Minimal Total Dominating Color Transversal set of Generalised Petersen graph P (n, 1).

Vibrational spectral analysis was carried out for  Methyl m-hydroxy benzoate (MMHB) and Methyl salicylate (MS) by using the FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopy in the range of 4000cm^-1-400cm^-1 and 4000cm^-1-50cm^-1 respectively. The theoretical computational density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) was performed at 6-31G** levels to derive equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities. The complete vibrational assignment was performed on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED), calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (E_HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (E_LUMO), energy gap (?E), chemical potential (P_i), global hardness (?),and the softness (?), were calculated. The theoretical electronic absorption spectra have been calculated by using CIS methods. ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by using gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The total atomic charges, natural charges and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. As expected, the results show the greater stability and stronger hydrogen bond between oxygen and ester group.

We are very happy to announce that from 28th December 2016, Mr. Amit Kumar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science. The appointment of Amit Kumar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 14th February 2017, Mr. Shamneesh Sharma has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Computer Science Engineering. Mr. Shamneesh Sharma working as Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering at School of Technology & Sciences, A P Goyal Shimla University, Shimla (H.P.). The appointment of Mr. Shamneesh Sharma as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

In this paper we will compute a new algorithm for new graph which its vertex is a graph.

This paper presents some important operational matrices of fourth kind Chebyshev wavelets. New formula of operational matrix of derivative for fourth kind Chebyshev polynomials is first obtained and then operational matrices of derivative and integration of the fourth Chebyshevwavelets basis are derived. The proposed results are of direct interest in many applications.

The dynamic behavior of infrastructure development has opened a wide area for research in construction management in general, and maintenance management in particular, globally. Ready mix concrete, which is mostly preferred nowadays, is loaded in a transit mixer, and is transported to the construction site. The concrete is delivered to the construction point by means of a concrete pump. Life of the concrete pump can be enhanced and hence capacity of the plant using effective preventive maintenance. In this paper, optimal time for replacement for some critical components has been established using the approach of reliability centered maintenance. The paper includes the reliability assessment and the details of the effectiveness of maintenance on the system under investigation are reported in the paper.

Biotechnological applications provide us significant economic and social benefits in areas such as health, agriculture, the environment and industry. Considering its advantages and potent capability innovation in genetic engineering and biotechnology has been extended protection of patent. Almost every international legal instrument has accepted the role of biotechnological inventions in growth of the society. However, when researchers and corporate houses moved for getting patent for higher life forms it was opposed on the ground that it will be in violation of traditional fundamentals of patent laws. Even the claim of patent was denied by patent offices for the process relating to study of growth of cancerous cell in the mouse. This paper is an attempt to assess the effect of patenting of higher life forms and also to identify the philosophical basis thereto. The researcher supports the corollary drawn by European Courts for the patenting of higher life forms.