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This paper presents the new trends in code division multiple access techniques known as Optical CDMA Technology. I highlight those trends and features that are believed to be essential to the successful introduction of various OCDMA techniques in communication systems and data networks in near future. In particular, i elaborate on enabling technologies that are needed prior to full scale consideration of OCDMA in communication systems. I extend my discussion to various data network. It is believed that OCDMA once fully developed and matured will be an inseparable part of advanced optical communication systems and networks due to its various desirable features and functionalities, in not so distant future. Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) is an optical processing system which allows multiple users to share the same bandwidth simultaneously without interfering with each other using unique optical codes. In this paper we present an in depth review on the new trends and the directions taken by the researchers worldwide in Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems.

This study evaluated the presence of ochratoxin producing fungi and levels of ochratoxin A contamination in the most popular cassava food product (garri) in West Africa circulating in Ogun State, Nigeria. Results obtained revealed that the rate of total filamentous fungal contamination in all the sampled zones of Ogun State, Nigeria were not statistically significant (F= 0.327, P>0.05). For the black Aspergilli, the maximum contamination rate was 4.2 x 107 CFug-1 for a sample in Egba zone while the minimum concentration of 2.5x102 CFug-1 was obtained in a particular market in Remo zone. It was noted, that Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus carbonarius have the highest isolation rate of 21(24%) among the isolated filamentous fungi (F= 88.167, p< 0.05). 918 (92%) of the total samples of 1000 examined, contained detectable levels of OTA while samples from egba region have highest contamination rate (Fvalue = 3.504, P<0.005). These detectable levels found in our study satisfies the 0-5.0ppb recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (1997). It can be concluded, that garri found in Ogun State are variously contaminated by different filamentous fungi, however black aspergilli remain the main ochratoxigenic moulds present in this staple food.

In this paper, we introduce and study some new separation axioms using the (1, 2)*-?gb-open sets in bitopological spaces.

Radiation is a volumetric phenomenon, and all solids, liquids, and gases emit, absorb or transmit radiation. However, radiation is usually considered to be a surface phenomenon for solids that are opaque to thermal radiation such as metals, woods and rocks since the radiation emitted by the interior regions of such material can never reach the surface, and the radiation incident on such bodies is usually absorbed within a few microns form the surface. Finned surfaces are used widely in industries, which due to their high temperature transferring heat by radiation is important. One of the this industry is space application, where the heat is transferred on in the mode of radiation. So, having the least material in very important in this industry. In this paper, Longitudinal fins with rectangular, triangular, concave, and convex profiles have been studied to establish the optimum dimensions based on the least material. The results showed that the concave parabolic has the best performance among other types of fins.

In this study, tin selenide was prepared at different ratios using tin and selenium pellets in glass tube filled with argon and then heated up to 350°C. The resulting materials were cut into ingots which were used in preparation of thin films by thermal evaporation. The evaporation was done using Edwards auto 306 coating unit. The chamber pressure was maintained at 5.0 x 10-5mbars during the film deposition. Thin films of tin-selenide produced using various ratios were characterized for optical properties and sheet resistance. The optical measurements were done using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer Solid State 3700 DUV in the visible range (380-750nm) and the transmittance spectra data obtained was analyzed using the SCOUT software. The films with ratio of 1:1 showed the highest transmittance of 85% with a band gap energy obtained as 1.40eV. The electrical characterization measurements were carried out using a four point probe at room temperature (25°C) to obtain the sheet resistivity. The resistivity obtained for the films was 20.1?cm.

According to Betz, the maximum conversion efficiency of a wind turbine is 59.3%. But, the wind turbine works at efficiency of 25% to 35%. Hence, there is an opportunity to improve the efficiency of wind turbine. If, the efficiency of wind turbine is increased by at least 1%, it could turn into giant profits. Multiple nozzle system, therefore, if it is used, it increases the velocity of air, huge. The effect of multiple nozzle system is studied in the present article. The theoretical power coefficient and actual power coefficients of wind turbine are determined as part of the study. Few experiments were taken up earlier to increase wind speed using single nozzle system. But, multiple nozzle system is first ever, used in the history. The effect of conversion of heat energy into kinetic energy using multiple nozzle system is presented in this article. The design of multiple nozzle system obtained patents in India.

This paper emphasize on how parallelism can be applied in Data Analysis. In recent decades, where the large amount of data is produced by machines: software logs, cameras, microphones, RFIDs, etc. Creation speed rate of these data will increase exponentially with Moore’s Law. Saving or storing such amount of data is inexpensive and using some parallel processing methods, the data can also be investigated and mined effectively. So this article intends to debate about parallel programming procedures used in Data Analysis and Data Mining. The key motive for this parallelism is to make analysis more rapidly. This is generally attained by using multiple processors or multiple computers, execution dissimilar aspects of data analysis or mining, performing the tasks alongside and later consolidating the data into a single report.

Oral controlled drug delivery systems represent the most popular form of controlled drug delivery systems for the obvious advantages of oral route of drug administration. However, there are certain conditions for which such a release pattern is not suitable like cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes mellitus, Asthma, Arthritis, Peptic ulcer etc. In such cases pulsatile drug delivery system is used in which release drug on programmed pattern i.e. at appropriate time & at appropriate site of action. Pulsatile Drug Delivery systems are basically time controlled drug delivery systems in which the system controls the lag time independent of environmental factors like pH, enzymes, gastro-intestinal motility, etc. The principle rationale for the use of pulsatile release is for the drugs where a constant drug release, i.e., a zero-order release is not desired. In chronopharmacotherapy drug administration is synchronized with biological rhythms to produce maximal therapeutic effect & minimum harm for the patient. Technically, pulsatile drug delivery systems administered via the oral route could be divided into two distinct types, the time controlled delivery systems and the site-specific delivery systems, thus providing special and temporal delivery. In recent pharmaceutical applications involving pulsatile delivery; multiparticulate dosage forms (e.g. pellets) are gaining much favor over single-unit dosage forms. Designing of proper pulsatile drug delivery will enhance the patient compliance, optimum drug delivery to the target side & minimizing the undesired effects.

In present times, focus on herbal research has increased worldwide. Urariapictais an important medicinal herb that is extensively used in dasamula and is becoming popular. Flavanoids, alkaloids and pterocarpans are the key constituents of Urariapictaand mainly alleged for its broad beneficial actions. Other than for given treatments, the herb is suggested as remedy for a variety of other ailments. The present review is an effort to provide complete information on Phytochemicals screening, traditional uses and pharmacology relating to preclinical studies.

The main purpose of this paper is to present the importance of benchmarking in TQM and organizational performance. To determine the various benefits an organization can derive from the application of total quality management practices, or the relationship between total quality management and quality outcomes/benefits in services sector of telecom industry of Pakistan. The study is based on primary and secondary data. Eight most important constructs were found through literature review for conceptual framework in this study. Primary data is collected through questionnaires. The same questionnaire was used in comparison of TQM practices in different countries such as India, USA, Mexico, China and Norway. The theoretical framework adopted is by Raghunathan et al. (1999). Findings revealed that TQM practices and implementation have positive effects on quality benefits or outcome (productivity, profitability, competitive position, reduce customer complaints, cost reduction, reduce rework level, reduces scrap level, stay in business) in services sector of telecom industry of Pakistan. Benchmarking also plays a significant role in the development of organizations. In addition to the research data, findings from different field studies and other research works have further supported conclusion drawn from this research, that TQM practices have positive effect on organizational development. The findings based on this empirical research would be useful to both decision makers and researchers.