Archives-  

There has been tremendous growth in wireless technology in the last decade. This advancement has changed people do business in mobile environment (M-Business). This is where M-Commerce or Ubiquitous Commerce (U-Commerce) step in which promises to allow shoppers to purchase goods and have services using mobile phones, wearable PCs and handhelds and in the same way brings challenges for both individuals and society. This paper is intended to bring out the facts about the feasibility of M-Commerce today; the strength and opportunities, the weaknesses and threats lying ahead. The highlight of this paper is to explore the issues that arise from the effects of M- commerce and the challenges lying ahead from which in future, the researchers may spell-out the ways to serve M- commerce as drivers of the growing market demand in the long-term.

Our aim in this paper is to investigate the commuting property of the Traces of a Symmetric Biderivations on prime and semiprime ring R. Furthermore, we look for the commutitivity of a ring R under some suitable conditions.

Let L be a finite lattice. A sublattice K of a lattice L is said to be convex if a,b K; c L, a c b imply that c K. Let CS(L) be the set of convex sublattices of L including the empty set. Then CS(L) partially ordered by inclusion relation, forms an atomic algebric lattice. Let P be a finite graded poset. A finite graded poset P is said to be Eulerian if its M bius function assumes the value (x; y) = (-1)l(x;y) for all x y in P, where l(x, y) = (y)- (x) and is the rank function on P. In this paper, we prove that the lattice of convex sublattices of a Boolean algebra Bn, of rank n, CS(Bn) with respect to the set inclusion relation is a dual simplicial Eulerian lattice. But the structure of the lattice of convex sublattices of a non- Boolean Eulerian lattice with respect to the set inclusion relation is not yet clear.

In this world of technology and scientific development, there has been great need to intensify researches on the development of security alarming systems in our agricultural farms and farmsteads. The pressure mat auto-light (PMAL) security control system is a sensory device consisting of two separate sensory units (Pressure Mat (PM) unit and Auto-Light (AL) unit) integrated into an efficient single sensory security system. It is designed and constructed with mat transmitter (MT) under a foot mat signaler receiver (FMSR) 12V, 223A buzzer, light emitting diode (LED), integrated circuit (IC), transistor (L8050), LM358N op-amp, a 2-1.5V battery, and resistors of 0.5? and 4.5? served as signaler receiver (SR), Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), a relay of 1000mA, 1000W/12V power transformation and power source of 220V to 240V. Efficiency of 70%, 95.8% and 90% for the frequency of loop gain , transmitter ( ) and receiver ( ) circuits respectively showed reliability of the PMAL designed and constructed. From evaluation and testing of the device, the receiver can sense any pressure or weight upon the triggering spring at a distance 150m away from its area of installation, within which the buzzer beeps (sounds out), signaling wave presence in the receiver unit, thereby alerting the presence of intruder(s) in farmstead(s) and thus automatically shut-close the farmstead with the aid of a LDR, so that wild animals such as fox, jackals, wolfs etc will be kept away from fields of forest nursery and confined animals.

This paper presents an optimization model to calculation of the minimum number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for complete observability of electrical power networks. Minimum PMU placement problem has multiple solutions. We propose a flow chart and indicators in order to find all solution and rank these multiple solutions, respectively. The proposed model is capable of obtaining the full set of optimal solutions instead of only one or partial solutions. The integer linear programming (ILP) approach is implemented to solve this model. We propose a procedure for multistaging of PMU placement in a given time horizon due to financial and physical constraints using an ILP framework. In addition, network expansion scenarios associated with intermediate stages are taken into account. Numerical studies are conducted on a nine-bus system and the IEEE 57-bus system and the results are analyzed.

Oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for the various drug molecules among all other routes of drug delivery, because ease of administration which leads to better patient compliance. So, oral sustained release drug delivery system becomes a very promising approach for those drugs that are given orally but having the shorter half life and high dosing frequency. Moreover, pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance desirable therapeutic objectives while minimizing side effects. Hence Sustained release dosage forms are good option to release a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. Sustained release is also providing promising way to decrease the side effects of drug by preventing the fluctuation of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body which will improves the therapeutic index of drug concentration. These systems requires numerous considerations, like drug suitability for sustained release dosage forms, techniques of fabrication, evaluation and factors affecting bioavailability of parent drug. Sustained release delivery systems offer numerous advantages when compared to conventional dosage form. These includes less dosage per day, reduced side effects, and improved patient compliance and convenience. In this article basic information regarding sustained release drug delivery system including formulation, evaluation and recent advancements are summarized. Matrix tablets are an interesting option when developing an oral sustained release formulation.

Research on entrepreneurship has always been a controversial topic in economic theorizing. The significance of entrepreneurship is emphasized by almost all authors working on innovation economics, nevertheless, most of the research work comes to an end at a purely appreciative level. Today, and social systems are encountered to complex and obscure challenges. Fast environmental changes also cause the future social systems, especially the organization, unpredictable. In addition, the competitive field intensification, the product's life-cycle decrease and the social expects increase, makes these systems more complicated and obscured. In order to survive and continue the life, the organizations and companies have to make entrepreneurship and creativity in respond to the challenges. This could be gained just by organizational entrepreneurship, as a stimulus motor for the organization and the country improvement by the means of organizational entrepreneurs as the main core of entrepreneurship in organizations. The basic factor of organizational entrepreneurship is to determine the opportunities and take advantage from them. Although, today, entrepreneurship is known as a commercial and economical issue, it is still used to gain the opportunities. Regarding to organizational entrepreneurship literature and organizational entrepreneurship evolutions and presenting the organizational entrepreneurship and at last the entrepreneurship encouraging methods in organization and providing the proper bed in this regard, this paper tries to facilitate gaining the economic value.

This study examined the influence of organizational trust and job satisfaction on teachers' job performance among teachers in Ekiti State. Two hundred and fifty eight teachers randomly drawn from Ekiti State public secondary schools participated in the study. Organizational trust scale, Job satisfaction scale and Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale were used as measures of investigation. Four hypotheses were tested using the independent t-test and the two way Analysis of Variance. Results showed that organizational trust significantly influences job performance among teachers in Ekiti State [F (1,254) = 12.355; P< .01]. Also, it was revealed that job satisfaction significantly influences job performance among teachers [F (1,254) = 3.529; P< .05]. However, no significant interaction effect of job satisfaction and organizational trust was found on job performance. Result of data analyses also showed that sex has no significant influence on job performance among teachers in Ekiti State [t (256) = -0.58; p>.05]. The findings were discussed in line with previous research findings and it was recommended that teachers should be given responsibilities and authority with less supervision to boost their sense of belongingness, respect and commitment which sustains trust in organizations and enhance performances.

The ciliates are one of the most important groups of Protozoa, common everywhere in waters of lake, pond, oceans and soils with many ecto and endosymbiotic members, as well as some obligate opportunistic parasites. Free living ciliates are found in fresh, marine, estuarine waters and in the soil. The present species described as Stylonychia pustulata Ehrenberg (1830), (O. F. Muller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1835 (O. F. Muller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1838, S. pustulata (Deshmukh, 2010) has found in fresh water ponds, ditches and streams, especially more abundantly in rain water bodies of Nashik district.

Library service is the active part of communication , place of mind- refresh and education in any community. It is distinguished in case of Chiapta, Republic of Zambia . When we peep in to the district library it has got more role in changing the society. But the case is reverse in this study area. To analyze this fact samples of 50 readers have taken for the study. The questionnaire is served to the members(Visitors/Readers) of this library using stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire was converted into numerical data state in order to analyze the Evaluation of performance of library and users. This was analyzed with reference to Frequency of reader, Purpose of reader, Sources of information for the readers, Adequacy of library stock, Readers Satisfaction and Library facilities. The appropriate results were drawn and suggestions made to improve the library performance and also attract the new readers in order to develop the society so as to become good citizens of the nation.