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Explosions like formation of algal blooms increasingly pollute both salt and fresh water ecosystems throughout the world. Owing to its negative impacts on human health and aquatic life, this widely reported phenomenon has become a serious environmental problem. While many process based, statistical and empirical models exist for water quality prediction, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are increasingly being used for water related applications because ANNs are often capable of modelling complex systems for which behavioral rules or underlying physical processes are either unknown or difficult to simulate. Theoretical knowledge about biological processes can be easily embedded into Neural Network models by means of a constrained training procedure. It is a complex non-linear function with many parameters that are adjusted (calibrated or trained) in such a way that the network output becomes similar to the measured output on a known data set. The feed forward neural network models are effective in predicting the non-linear behaviour of algalblooms and the correlation values are as high as 0.95 between the measured and calculated values. This paper presents an overview and provides a systematic approach for modelling the algal blooms using Artificial Neural Networks.

Semantic web technology enables machine to read and process web pages without human intervene. Semantic web information will no longer only be intended for human readers, but also for processing by machines, enabling intelligent information services, personalized web sites, and semantically empowered search-engines. The web has become a major vehicle in performing research and education related activities for researches and students. With increasing student mobility and boom of the international student exchange programmes, a need arises for unifying and presenting information about academic study programmes on the Web. Publishing study programmes using semantic web technologies enables students to easily search and select study topic of their interest. In this paper we present an enterprise semantic framework for e-Learning system which improved the quality of web mining results but also enhanced the functions, services and the interoperability of e-Learning system. The system helps to find suitable semantic data related to students, faculties and courses for the clients. We have implemented semantic web mining in parallel distributed environment in all tiers for decision making, and also increased speed and efficiency of information retrieval.

Traditionally the name Rhizobia portrays root and stem nodulating bacteria that live in N2 fixing symbiosis mainly with leguminous plants. Understanding rhizobial diversity at classical and molecular level could have a profound implication in agriculture. Hence, the present study is aimed at isolation, identification, biochemical and molecular characterization of rhizobia from the fourteen different soil series of Thanjavur district. All the test isolates showed uniform morphological and biochemical characteristics except colony size and isolates growth on YEMA containing bromothymol blue medium, revealed that Vlm6 and Mud8 isolates were fast growers while others were slow growers. Based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization, all the isolates were preliminarily identified as species of Rhizobium. The soil samples from the 14 different sites showed variation not only in the number of colonies per gram of soil, but also in their physico-chemical properties. Positive correlation was noted between physicochemical parameters such as bulk density, EC, organic carbon, nutrients such as N, K, Cu and number of rhizobial colonies. Negative correlation was observed with soil pH, nutrients such as P, Fe, Zn, Mn and number of colonies. However, the relationship is not statistically significant in the present study. The isolates showed variation in their carbon utilization, fatty acid and amino acid profiles confirming the existence of diversity.

Changing individuals’ knowledge and viewpoint especially the youth and teenagers as decision makers of next generation through educating is one of the most important concerns and policies of policy makers of the environment. In present study, to survey and compare the effect of performing Image-Concept Approach as well as common teaching method on the amount of learning, and the amount of students’ naturalism in elementary schools’ sixth-grade in science course in the area of Mahidasht-Kermanshah, the quasi-experimental plan with two groups (n1=20 and n2= 20) was used to answer this question whether or not the learning performance and the amount of naturalism is statistically different among students educated by this pattern? In two study groups, students learned the concepts of the relation between human and environment via using Image-Concept Approach and the common method, respectively. In order to collect data, the teacher-made learning test and scale of the relation with nature by Nisbet and et al (2009) was used that after being approved in terms of validity and reliability, it was performed before and after applying quasi-experiment and the data were collected. The survey results show that learning is higher among students using Image-Concept Approach with another group and also in term of naturalism, student taught by Image-Concept Approach had more positive attitude regarding nature in comparison with control group.

The present study aimed to compare mental health of female athlete and non-athlete students in the city of Indica. The research methodology was a descriptive survey, which initially described the mental health and then compared it among the students. The statistical population of the study included all high school girls in the academic year of 2012-2013 in the city of Indica accounting for 919 subjects. The sampling was done in this study by two methods of census (enumeration) and multi-stage cluster random sampling. Due to the limited number of athletes (85 subjects), all were included in the study sample. Of the non-athletic population, 106 non-athlete subjects were selected using Cochran formula by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The measurement tool in this study was the Goldberg and Hiller GHQ Standard Questionnaire (1979) consisting of two parts. The fist part includes demographic information, including questions about demographic and individual characteristics of study samples such as age, type of illness, etc. The second part consisted of 28 questions to measure four subscales (somatic symptoms, anxiety, social functioning and depression). The reliability (reliability coefficient) of the questionnaire was obtained as 0.85 through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For data analysis, the descriptive statistics was used in order to summarize the data, and the inferential statistics, including Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed significant differences between physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression in two groups of female athlete and non- athlete students. It also indicated that the athlete students had a better status than the non-athletic students regarding mental health and its four subscales. It is therefore suggested to encourage students to participate in sports activities in order to enhance their mental health.

The geometries of various tautomers of different ring size lactams have been studied by ab initio Hatree–Fock and Density Functional Theory calculations at B3LYP level with different basis sets in the gas phase. Optimized geometries and total energies for 12 possible tautomers of studied lactams were determined. Thermodynamic properties and tautomeric equilibria between different tautomers were calculated using the frequency calculations. The results of calculations are applied to the bond lengths of ?- lactam which showed a good agreement with experimentally determined data. In the gas phase, the amino tautomers are computed to be more stable than the lactim tautomers. Equilibrium constant results suggested that the lactam form is a more dominant tautomer for all cases and the lactim forms are not present in detectable amounts. 

Technology today offers many new opportunities for innovation in educational assessment through rich new assessment tasks and potentially powerful scoring, reporting and real-time feedback mechanisms (Scalise, K. & Gifford, B. 2006). This paper elaborates on the pros and cons of computer-based assessment. The intended purpose is to provide a new assessment horizon for assessment developers and teachers and to help them to get a better understanding of using computer-based assessments in the educational settings.

This research work examined the consumption pattern of Irvingia gabonensis in Ukwuani area of Delta State, Nigeria. The target respondents were the households in the study area. Data for the study was collected by administering structured questionnaires to and interview of one hundred (100) respondents. Data analysis was done using simple descriptive statistics, T-test and Chi-Square. The students T-test was used to compare the different uses of Irvingia gabonensis in the study area by the consumers/households. The result showed that 100% of the respondents are aware of the species; most of the respondents (89.4%) consume it while 10.6% did not utilze it. It was also discovered that, majority of the respondents (62.4%) use it for soup only while 37.6% consumed it as food and fruits. Most of the respondents (67.1%) sourced them from the markets, 4.9% from the collectors and 2.8% from forested areas. The result also confirmed that it is widely accepted (87.1%) in the study area. The study also revealed that the utilization rate of Irvingia gabonensis in the study area is increasing (76.5%) while 23.5% asserted that it is decreasing. Majority of the respondents (79.2%) confirmed that they use it because of its nutritional importance while 20.8% consume it because of its medicinal uses. The socio-demographic results showed that all of the respondents (100%) that used it are less than 30 years, 100% of students and civil servants utilize it more than other categories while the result of the Chi-square reveals that utilization depends on primary occupation and also educational background of the respondents. This paper therefore recommended among other things that domestication and interventions of this species should be encouraged for proper management and sustainability.

Since modern society changes rapidly, styles of interpersonal communication changes as well. Of all, mobile phone plays a significant role in everyone’s daily life, becoming as the most popular communication tool. This study explored the use of mobile phones and its impact on interpersonal relationship among youth in Lahore. The study used the theoretical frameworks of “uses and gratifications” approach from media studies. The main objective of the study was to examine the overall impact of mobile phone and determine the role mobile phones are playing in effecting interpersonal relationship and gender differences. Data was collected through survey comprised 50 young adults (ageing 16 to 30 years) in Lahore. Quantitative analysis of the data revealed that there is strong relationship between mobile phone usage and interpersonal relationship. Continuous use of mobile phone negatively effect on youth and distort the relationship with their families and close friends. Study found that there were gender differences in the use of cell phones by young people. Further, males use more cell phone rather than the females.

The cyclic voltammetric measurement and molecular interaction studies using ultrasonic technique of Cu(II),Ni(II) and Pb(II) complexes of  8-[2-Methoxy-5-(propane-1-sulfonyl)-phenylazo]-naphthalene-1-ol using DMSO, were carried out at 303 K. The cyclic voltammetric were carried out at a stationary platinum electrode in DMSO with 0.1M tetrabutylammonium per chlorate (TBAP) as a supporting electrolyte. The measured values of ultrasonic velocity, density, acoustical parameters, adiabatic compressibility and free length are evaluated. From the properties of these parameters the nature and strength of the interactions in these complexes and oxidation, reduction behaviors were discussed.