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This paper focuses on reviewing the various Steganography techniques that have been reported by researchers and scientists in the literature. The motivation of this paper is to overview the past and current Steganography techniques to embed the Stego image which bypass the human visual system without being detected. The techniques which operate both on text and image are considered. The focus is also given for the use and future scope of these techniques. The techniques are reviewed on the parameters of security, peak signal to noise ratio of stego image, mean square error and the capacity of data that can be carried out on the network without being detected. The paper is divided in three major sections which are the implementation in spatial domain, frequency domain, adaptive or mixed technique

Phytochelatins (PCs), are enzymatically synthesized Cys-rich peptides, found widely distributed in the plant kingdom and was the functional equivalent of metallothioneins (MTs). Synthesis of PC was activated by the exposure to heavy metal ions like cadmium. PC may have a role in the metal ion detoxification and help in phytoremediation approach. Hence this study was focused on the structural aspects of phytochelatin protein isolated from Cynodon dactylon. Protein sequence was retrieved from NCBI protein database with gene bank id AAO138102. Various bioinformatics online tools like GOR 4, Geno3D, ProtParam, ProtScale, TmPred, EsyPred3D analysis and GlobPlot were used to predict the structure and properties of the protein. An unstable protein with 504 amino acid residues and of molecular weight of 55803.5 Daltons was identified by In Silico studies. Further analysis using a wide range of tools revealed that the protein is a structural variant of the phytochelatin protein.

Recent investigation was performed to explore the cytotoxic activity of various extracts from the leaves of Adina Cordifolia against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell lines using different In-vitro cytotoxic assay at 200µg/ml. Results found that acetone and ethanol extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity, but higher cytotoxic activity was found in acetone extract.

Nowadays traffic are very high near the signals to overcome long time IR sensors are used. These IR sensors are placed near the junction it senses the heavy traffic in that signals switches to green to make move on that heavy traffic vehicles. By implementing this the wastage of time can be reduced on the roads.

Abstract: The generation of solid waste has become an increasing environmental and public health problem everywhere in the world, particularly in the developing countries. The problem of inadequate solid waste management is a major environmental challenge all over the world and Tiptur town is no exception. The problem has become compounded due to technical, financial and institutional constraints and landfill sites have further contributed to environmental degradation. The present study was to investigate the heavy metal contamination of ground water sources in and around Tiptur Town . Heavy metals like Fe++, Cd, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb and Hg estimated to analyze ground water pollution load with respect to human health concern ,since Tipturians depend on ground water for drinking purpose. In the present investigation observed result showed that iron concentration varied between a minimum of 0.03 mg/l to a maximum of 2.9 mg/l. Other trace metals Zn, Mn and Cr were within the permissible limit and Pb, Hg and Cd were below detectable level.

We have studied LRS Bianchi type-I magnetized cosmological models in the presence of scalar tensor theory proposed by Saez Ballester [1]. We assume that the dark energy (DE) is minimally interacting, has dynamical energy- density, anisotropic equation of state parameter (EoS). Exact solutions of Einstein’s field equations are obtained by assuming a special law of variation for the mean Hubble parameter, which yields a constant value of the deceleration parameter. The geometrical and physical aspects for the models are also studied.

The power dissipation in a system-level attributes to buses is increasing in VLSI circuits. Therefore reduce of power consumption in switching activity at the I/O ports can save significant save of power. Change of voltage level on the wires significant power consumptions. As the technology scaled down, the increased wire aspect ratio (height/width) reduce the spacing between individual bus wires. This resulted in the domination of coupling capacitance. There are so many techniques have been proposed to reduce the coupling activity along with the self-switching activity. Initially, Bus invert method can be applied to encode buses without prior knowledge of data statistics. Another encoding technique called “Sequence Switch Coding for low-power data transmission” (SSC) was proposed by Myungchul Yoon to minimize Self Transition activity in buses. Among the Bus Invert method and Sequence Switch Coding, the Bus Invert method has gained popularity because of its better energy reduction (upto25.45%). However, both Bus Inver and SSC bus encoding techniques reduce only self transitions and do not consider the effect of coupling transitions. Therefore, it is important to minimize the power dissipation and cross talk delay by minimizing the both self transitions and coupling transitions on bus for the fast and safe VLSI circuits. A new technique isintroduced by doing some modifications to existing SSC technique given by Myungchul Yoon et.al, to reduce the energy dissipation and delay on DSM bus through encoding the data on the bus.

Background: MammoSite Radiation Therapy System with a high dose rate brachytherapy ¹⁹²Ir source is used to deliver partial breast irradiation after a lumpectomy for early stage breast cancer to treat the tissue immediately surrounding the lumpectomy cavity.Materials and Methods: The spherical balloons with 4 cm to 6 cm radius have been considered filled with different mixtures of water and contrast solution in our simulation. We have used MCNP4C code to study the effect of the increased attenuation on absorbed dose value for the different glandular fraction of breast tissues.Results and discussion: We have calculated Heterogeneity Correction Factor (HCF) for various balloon diameters from 4 to 6 cm, for 0%, 20%, 50%, 70% and 100% breast glandular fraction phantom with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% contrast concentration inside the balloon.Conclusion: The result can be used in treatment planning systems and also for computation of model dependent parameters. The calculated HCF for the Mammosite breast brachytherapy applicator are agree quite well with Clinical results which obtained by others.

We are very happy to announce that from 11th November 2016, Ms. Fereshte Haghighi Fashi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Agricultural Engineering. Ms. Fereshte Haghighi Fashi working University of Tehran, Soil Science & Engineering Department, Iran. The appointment of Ms. Fereshte Haghighi Fashi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

A mut'atutalaaq is a title for the financial right that belongs to divorced women on the basis of the basis of Islamic teachings. However this right is deserved by the wife only if the divorce is applied by her husband and she herself was not culpable in the case Imamia jurists, supported by verses and narrations, have proposed three views on this right: 1) Most of them believe that it is obligatory for this right to be given to those whose intercourse has not taken place and the divorce dowry has not been fixed. 2) Some of them say that it is an obligatory grant for all of the divorced women. 3) Others say that it is an obligatory for this right to be given to all of the types of divorced women mentioned in surah Baqara ayah 236 and it is highly recommended (Mustahab) for it to be given to others as well. In this article, I have studied these statements and have mentioned citations for each of these.