Archives-  

In this study, Fusarium oxysporum AUMC9264 was isolated from Lupinustermis L. which was identified by a morphological method and 18S rDNA sequence comparison. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was used for activation and subcultures of the fungal isolate while, Potato Dextrose Broth medium (PDB) used for metabolite production. The fungal extracts were tested in vitro for their Antimicrobial effects against some strains of bacteria and fungi. Ergosterol was isolated from the crude extract and elucidate according to 1H-NMR and its mass spectrometry analysis, n-Hexan fraction was identified by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry.

Subterranean termites Odontotermes sp. and Trinervieus sp. modify the soil properties through their mound- building activities, subterranean galleries, storage chambers, aggregate formation, aeration, organic content and soil fertility. Gut of subterranean termites are structured habitats with numerous microniches created by a combination of host and microbial activities with rich population of diazotrophs. The Azotobacter isolates of Odontotermes sp. and Trinervieus sp. worker caste showed a positive response in the production of enzyme dehydrogenase and biological exopolysaccharide. Biological exopolysaccharide producers influence soil quality cum plant growth increasing agricultural productivity.

This research focused on determination of buckling stress values of internally pressurized unstiffened imperfect thin cylindrical shell under axial compression. The method of solution was carried out by the use of nonlinear large deflection theory and the effect of initial imperfections in the strain-displacement equations was considered. The Ritz method was used to determine the buckling stress parameter of the shell. Numerical examples were carried out ; it was found that as imperfect ratio increases, the buckling stress values decreases at constant wavelength ratio, deflection parameters, radius of curvature, internal pressure and thickness of the shell. However, with the use of varying values of imperfect ratio, wavelength ratio, deflection parameters and thickness of the shell at constant internal pressure and radius of curvature, the buckling stress values progressively to a maximum point known as the critical value and then depreciate progressively. This nonlinear analysis in the Ritz method and the imperfect ratio is responsible for the behaviour of the cylindrical shell.

In the present investigation an attempt was made to test the antibacterial activity in the coelomic fluid of the epigeic species of earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae and the anecic species of earthworm, Polypheretima elongata. The Eudrilus eugeniae was collected from Selvam Vermicomposting farm, Udumalpet, Tamil Nadu, India. Likewise, the Polypheretima elongata was also collected from the soil of National college campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Both worms were identified by following standard taxonomical key characters. After identification, both worms were cultured under favorable laboratory condition for 30 days providing the food material consisting of 50% predeomposed organic waste and 50% predecomposed cow dung in separate cement tanks. At the end of 30 days a pool of 20 healthy worms was selected from both cultures for the extraction of coelomic fluid. Later on, the fluid was extracted by electric shock method employing 9 volt electrode. The extracted coelomic fluid (100%) was used to test the antibacterial activity against two gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one gram negative bacterium namely E.coli. Among the selected bacterial strains, the coelomic fluid of Eudrlus eugeniae and Polypheretima elongata showed the maximum inhibition zones 7.01 ± 0.28mm and 2.43 ± 0.38 mm against Staphylococcus aureus respectively when compared to inhibition zones 2.35 ± 0.31 mm and 2.28 ± 0.29 mm; 2.66 ± 0.31 mm and 1.35 ± 0.17 mm produced by Eudrilus eugeniae and Polypheretima elongata against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli respectively. Besides that the coelomic fluid of Eudrilus eugeniae exhibited more inhibition activity than the zone (3.70 ± 0.13mm) produced by the positive control (standard antibiotic, penicillin) against Staphylococcus aureus. But at the same time there is no remarkable difference between the inhibition zone of the coelomic fluid of Polypheretima elongata and the positive control experiment against all the bacterial strains tested. However, the control experiment showed more inhibition zone (3.97 ± 0.24 mm) than the inhibition zone produced by the coelomic fluid of Polypheretima elongata against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As for the present study the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus activity is highly inhibited by the coelomic fluid of both species of earthworms than the other bacterial strains tested even though there is remarkable difference in the size of zone of inhibition. The data were statistically analyzed at 5.0% level employing ANOVA.

In this paper, the United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods in Geneva-1980 is compared to Iranian Law and UNCTAD/ICC rules. Topics such as concepts and general definitions, scope of convention, combined transport documents, guarantees and liability of consignor, legal status of risky cargos, responsibility of carrier or forwarder, duration and scope of responsibilities of carrier are studied. Several questions are answered, that include: 1- Is the responsibility of carrier in Geneva Convention and Iranian legal rules are based on fault or not? 2- Is the legal nature of combined forwarder’s obligation is obligation of results or obligation of means? ultimately the carrier’s responsibility arising out of the other’s action (laborers, representatives), exemption cases of carrier arising out of the other’s action, carrier rights, litigations and lapse of time are investigated.

This study was designed to determine the compliance of patient to resupply date in using ‘short-messaging-system’ as medication collection reminder system.  Patient receiving Gutt Ciclosporin 0.5% was included in the study. Patient with collection date of Gutt. Ciclosporin 0.5% preparation from January 2015 to August 2015 was classified as pre-intervention data while collection date from September 2015 to April 2016 was classified as post-intervention data. The intervention consists of messaging patient 1 day before of the production day. Patient’s collection date was recorded. The difference in production date and collection date was weighted and categorised according to modified Morisky scale. There was significant improvement in patients adherence to collection of Gutt Ciclosporin ?2=6.19, P=0.012 on production date after implementation of the SMS. The compliance means score have increased by from 7.28±2.09 to 7.61±2.39. There was also increment by 47.8% to High adherence category and reduction by 47.8% in low adherence category post-implementation. Furthermore there was reduction of 80% in production wastage. This study has shown that the implementation of SMS will have significant improvement in adherence by patient to collection Day 0. Furthermore there was increase in patients Morisky adherence and cost saving in production.

Ryle’s thesis on the mind arises polemically from the mind-body dualism of Rene Descartes. Ryle refers to Descartes dualism as the official doctrine because it was so prevalent amongst theorist and even laymen. Ryle introduces the term the dogma of the ghost in a machine to describe the philosophical concept of the mind as an entity separate from the body, Ryle posited that it is false not in detail but in principle, and that Descartes made a mistake of a special kind by postulating an interaction between the mind and the body in his philosophy of the mind, hence Ryle called it a category mistake. The work presents a historical, evaluative and logical behaviourist account of the human person, that is to say; you can know people based on their public behaviour and it raises critical problems concerning the deceptive nature of the displayed human behaviour. the work presents a beautifully written account of the will, emotion, self-knowledge, imagination and disposition and occurrences. The project unveils the achievement and lapses of Gilbert Ryle’s conception of the mind. It gives a philosophical insight to anyone interested in the nature of human behaviour.

The development of assessment system is based on a set of parametric data covering streams types in different Eco –regions. Altogether, 374 benthic macro-invertebrate samples were taken using a standardized multi-habitat sampling procedure and a large number of parameters describing the streams and their catchments are recorded for all sampling sites. A large number of metrics will be tested, independently and in combinations, for each of the stream types, to identify the degradation of a site. This multimetric assessment system is used to classify a stream stretch into an Ecological Quality Class ranging from 1 (high quality) to 5 (bad quality) and often provides information on the possible causes of degradation.

As states look to move towards the knowledge-based economy as a means of prolonging competitive advantages first obtained from labour-intensive, export-oriented manufacturing, the role of creative industries becomes increasingly important. These industries are variously defined and may be problematic in terms of their actual contribution to the overall economy but, nevertheless, facilitating their smooth functioning is held to be one of the state’s principal economic roles in the years ahead. This requires the creation of a form or forms of infrastructure that will support the creative industries and the fostering of links between them and the education system and labour market, such that the latter produce what is required by the former. The city in East Asia which has most consciously and actively pursued the means of causing the growth of creative industries is Seoul. This has necessitated the creation and implementation of a wide range of policies, in addition to affecting the physical growth of the city. As the authorities of Thailand’s city Bangkok look to the next round of growth beyond the East Asian Economic Model, the example of Seoul burns brightly. Yet there are various problems in following the Seoul example, ranging from the nature of the education system, the inability of metropolitan authorities to separate politics from planning decisions and the persistence of the value of low-labour cost manufacturing operations. This paper evaluates the nature of the Seoul model and the implications this has for the recreation of Bangkok in an environment in which the entire city may have to be abandoned to the elements.

We are very happy to announce that from 18th December 2018, Dr. Chikwature Whatmore has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Social Sciences. The appointment of Dr. Chikwature Whatmore as member, Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.