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This paper proposes a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) with local search technique. For designing the HGA, a local search technique is incorporated in the loop of genetic algorithm (GA), and whether or not the local search technique is used in the GA is automatically determined by the local search scheme. A local search scheme is developed in this paper. which is to use the conditional local search method that can measure the average fitness values obtained from the continuous two generations of the HGA. To prove the efficiency of the algorithm, a basic GA (BGA) with local search technique and a hybrid GA (HGA) with local search technique and are also presented. In numerical example, both the algorithms (BGA, HGA) are tested and analyzed. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed HGA is proved by various measures of performance.

Today huge amount of data are transforms over the network connected to internet. In recent day many social networking site, electronic mail, trades website etc. exchange information in term of audio, video, image, text. Here more concern is that how to secure such type of data from the various intruders. There are various algorithm is used to provide security from unauthorized of data over the network. The term cryptography is the technique to exchange the plain text (sender message) into cipher text (encoded form) and then convert it encoded message back into original message. Symmetric cryptographic is one of the cryptographic techniques where sender and receiver generate a common key that is used to encrypt and decrypt the message. Here, introduce a new emerging Geometry based Cryptography approach in the field of symmetric cryptography. In this technique used a 2-D clockwise Rotation and performs transformations such as on the object matrix to obtain cipher text. The basic idea behind this paper is that focuses on the symmetric key Cryptography approach, using the concepts of clockwise 2D-rotation of object and find out an algorithm that provide the better accuracy and security over the basic encryption algorithm. 

Adhesive joints are used in a wide range of industrial applications due to their advantages over other joints. The crack propagation analysis in an adhesive joint is very important for its sustained performance. The Cohesive zone model (CZM) is found to be effective in this area due to its advantage over traditional methods. An overview of the CZM, usage with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), comparison with other methods, and implementation by back face strain (BFS) technique are reviewed in a proportional manner

In this paper we describe some recent developments that have taken place in still image compression. We addresses about different compression techniques and also give a performance comparison. Functionality and principles of compression algorithms are discussed in a unified manner. This survey reviews more recent articles on image compression and discuss their role in current research directions. There are several image compression algorithms some of them are lossy and some of them are lossless. Thus medical image, pre press industry, art work, remote sensing images for lossless image compression.

Due to the Internet’s sheer size, complexity, and various routing policies, it is difficult if not impossible to locate the causes of large volumes of BGP update messages that oc-cur from time to time. To provide dependable global data delivery we need diagnostic tools that can pinpoint the ex-act connectivity changes. In this paper we describe an al-gorithm, called MVSChange, that can pin down the ori-gin of routing changes due to any single link failure or link restoration. Using a simplified model of BGP, called Sim-ple Path Vector Protocol (SPVP), and a graph model of the Internet, MVSChange takes as input the SPVP update messages collected from multiple vantage points and accu-rately locates the link that initiated the routing changes. We provide theoretical proof for the the correctness of the design.

Today, the wide variety of devices in the digital world ranges from desktops to mobile phones. Within the currently available interactive multimedia applications, which are very demanding in terms of video quality and coding efficiency, the cost as well as the limited performances of scalability obtained in the current standards remains unacceptable. That is why; there is a need for intrinsically scalable video coding schemes providing fully progressive bit streams. Scalable Video Coding targets on seamless delivery of digital content and access to the same, enabling optimal user centered multi-channel and cross-platform media services, providing a straightforward solution for universal video delivery to a broad range of applications. Scalable video coding gives a nice way to perform rate shaping for video streams adapting to the available transmission resource. The work in this paper deals with a rate distortion approach in Scalable Video Coding in order to achieve a performance that is comparable to a non-scalable system. The rate distortion curves of the scaled video streams are employed to adapt to both static and dynamic channels. We consider a multiuser scenario which re?ects network heterogeneity and propose to perform a joint optimization between these multiple streams which have different performance curves.

The optimization of computer numerical control(CNC) boring operation parameters for aluminum alloy 6063 T6 using Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) optimization technique. Machining industry is playing a crucial role in the present manufacturing scenario and boring is an operation which is quite highly used nowadays to enlarge and achieve greater accuracy of the internal holes. In the present work an attempt is made to select the combination of optimum cutting parameters which results in better surface finish (minimum surface roughness i.e. Ra and Rq) and Circularity (Cr). Machining with optimum cutting parameters will result in minimum machining time and enhance the productivity. Three parameters viz. cutting speed, feed and depth of cut of boring bar has been taken as control factors. The cutting trials are performed as per Taguchi L27(3^3) orthogonal method to deal with the response from multi-variables. Taguchi orthogonal array is designed with three levels of boring parameters with the help of software Minitab 16. Grey Relational Analysis is performed for finding out the optimal parameter setting for the Al alloy 6063 T6 material. Additionally, for analyzing the data, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique is used to find the significant factors and their individual contribution in the response function i.e. surface roughness and Circularity.

This paper investigates types of intransitive verbs in Persian. Although six types of intransitive Persian verbs have one argument in their argument structure, they different to their derivation. We divide them into unergative, unaccusative, passive, attributive constructions, middle constructions and ergative. To classify intransitive Persian verb we use the operations like argument suppression, argument structure, argument deletion and externalization, external argument and internal argument (Williams 1981, Marantz 1984). This research supports the absolute theory of argument structure (Jackendoff 1972, Grimshaw 1990, chung 1993) also this study cast hight or the semantic and syntactic aspects of those constructions.

The central purpose of education is to help individuals make necessary adjustments towards a constant changing environment. e-learning is efficient as it eliminates distance and subsequent commutes. The different types of e-learning are based on, means of communication, schedule, e-learning class structure and technologies applied. Positive attitudes can help teachers to deal with the new situation with less stress and so enable them to take steps appropriately in tune with the need of the students and the institution. In this view point the researchers have undertaken this study. The present study was conducted in New Delhi and 800 senior secondary level school students were selected. The descriptive study method was adopted; stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting the samples. A well-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The result revealed that Students’ personal variables such as, gender, subject specialization, parents’ education, parents’ monthly income and school management are differed significantly among themselves. Suitable suggestions are given to improve students’ attitude towards e-learning paradigm.

Polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1) is ubiquitous plant enzyme that catalyze the O-dependent oxidation of mono- and o-diphenols to o-quinones. These quinones are reactive species that are able to covalently modify and cross-link a wide variety of cellular nucleophiles via a 1,4 addition mechanism, leading to the formation of polymeric brown or black pigments, which are responsible for significant postharvest losses of fruits andvegetables. Browning of damaged tissues in fresh fruits and vegetables results mainly from the oxidation of phenolic compounds to quinones by PPO. The activation of PPO by sodium dodesyl sulphat investigated, but reports on the effect of some detergents and chaotropic agents on activity of PPO are scarce. Here the effect of detergents and chaotropic agent on activity of enzyme in soluble and in partial purified fraction of PPO of Wild pear was investigated. Sarkosyl acts as a activator of PPO for oxidation of catechol and pyrogallol, although has inhibitory effect in concentrations over 1 mM. Other ionic, Nonionic detergents and Chaotropic agents acted as inhibitors of PPO in soluble and in partial purified fraction. Inhibitory effect of Urea, GnHcl, NP-40 and Sodium cholate in presence of catechol is more than these effect in presence of pyrogallol, but this inhibitory for Triton X-100 in presence of pyrogallol is more than catechol. The same effects were obtained on the partially purified enzyme. Results identified and confirmed the differences in structure and conformation of enzyme in soluble and in partial purified fraction for oxidation of different substrates.