Archives-January 2017

This paper deliberated to present future stance and strategy for variation of Alternaria brassicicola leaf spot of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)was evaluated based on morphological, cultural and molecular parameters during Rabi season 2014 and 2015. Six isolates of Alternaria were cultured in vitro using different growth medium and the growth pattern of the fungi was studied. Maximum 86 leaf spots were recorded from different places followed and minimum 17 spots from CSA samples. The size of spots shown variations in different isolates collected from different places. The leaf spots were followed the reducing trend with the increasing number of spots. The maximum 0.5-1.9mm size of spot was noticed in CSA samples and minimum0.2-0.7mm from different places of northern Bihar and Biratnagar sub metropolitan city. The growth of A. brassicicola recorded maximum in host extract media followed by Potato Dextrose Agar while the growth observed minimum in Czapek’s medium. The variations also exhibited in protein profiling by using SDS-PAGE.

Hybrid composites developed by combining natural fibers/natural fiber and natural fibers/synthetic fibers with epoxy, polyester, phenolic, poly vinyl ester, etc., resins are well established. In this present study, hybrid composites were prepared with banana fiber, sisal fiber and with bamboo charcoal by hand layup method according to ASTM standards. The various weight percentages of fibers in the resin and bamboo charcoal were used to gain insights into the effect of fiber content and charcoal filler on the mechanical properties (Impact, Tensile and Flexural). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of these materials.

Automatic annotation is actually a classification of medical images, using global and local features of images, IRMA standard code are extracted for them which consists of four data axes techniques of image providing (modality), direction, anatomy, and biological system. Recent researches show despite the fact that classification with high accuracy has been achieved good results but cannot always be optimal for all features of images. Therefore, in this paper, in order to improve the efficiency of automatic annotation system of medical images in terms of classification accuracy, the combined classifiers votes’ technique (Majority Voting) and Gabor filter feature in HSV color space for images has been used. The results are promising and improved performance show the improvement of the quality of the proposed system. In fact, in addition to high speed compared with previous methods, it has been achieved good accuracy as much as 75.1 percent

Within a decade, the grammar learning process and learning outcomes at English education department students of IAIN Bukittinggi found some problems. The class was still held in lecturer-centered. The research design used is Research and Development (R&D). To develop the instructional product, the researcher applies Four-D Model by Thiagarajan et.al, that is Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The product testing is carried out at the third semester English education department students of IAIN Bukittinggi. The instruments used in this research are interview, observation, tests and questionnaires. To qualify the three products, the experts of grammar for content, language and layout examine the validity, the practicality and the effectiveness of the textual enhancement model of grammar instruction, lecturer’s manual and students’ workbook. The research findings exhibit students’ need analysis and prototype model of TEBGIM.

Numerous laboratory studies report carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and engines operating with biodiesel and biodiesel blends. This paper presents a field study of multicylinder passenger bus (Ashok Leyland make) operated between Villupuram and Salem, Tamilnadu (170 Km), India using Jatropha methyl ester (JME) with different blend proportions as fuel. The total emissions of air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) and hydrocarbon (HC) are evaluated during the operation of bus with constant speed (60 Km +5km). Among these different proportion of blends, Jatropha methyl ester (JME20) as an alternative to the conventional fuel in the public transport considerably reduced exhaust emission.

In reinforced concrete frame building, masonry wall are generally used in as infills and specified by architects as partitions in such a way that they do not contribute to the vertical gravity load-bearing capacity of the structure. Infill walls protect the inside of the buildings from the environment hazards and create separation insides. In addition to this infills have a considerable strength and stiffness. In the present study, it is attempt to highlights the performance of masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames with and without openings to ultimate loads.

Green Cloud refers to the prospective environmental benefits that information technology services are delivered via Internet with reliable and easy-accessible atmosphere. The datacenters can consume enormous amount of energy and also emits huge amount of carbons due to large number of cooling equipments, servers and storage systems infrastructure. The data center efficiency is one of the significant factors to enable cloud computing as green by lower energy usage and carbon emissions from business firm. The power efficiency of datacenters has most important impact on the total energy usage of Cloud computing. To achieve the reduction in energy consumption of a datacenter is to calculate the consumed energy in cooling equipments and other metrics with the help of Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) which can be used to standardized how much energy is beneficially deployed versus how much is spent on other metrics such as power distribution, conditioning equipment, cooling infrastructures, storage and networking subsystems. The PUE of a datacenter is defined as the ratio of the total power consumption of data or switching center to the total power consumption of information technology equipments such as servers, storage and routers. By using the energy efficient technologies such as green broker framework, calculation of cost, energy and carbon emissions, the cloud providers can significantly improve the PUE of their datacenters and hence this approach can preserve the eco-friendly environment.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the correlated factors of landslide using certainty factor (CF) Model in Latyan catchment, north Tehran, Iran. At ?rst, a landslide inventory map was prepared using aerial photographs and the extensive ?eld survey. For this purpose, 208 landslides were mapped and out of which 145 (70 %) were randomly selected for building landslide susceptibility models, while the remaining 63 (30 %) were used for validating the models. In this study, 10 conditioning factors with their classes were evaluated. These factors including: slope; slope aspect; altitude; plan curvature; lithology; land use; distance from faults, rivers and roads and topographic wetness index (TWI). The validation of landslide susceptibility map was carried out using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results shows that the slope class 20 ?–30 ?(0.10640), slope aspect northwest (0.53335), the altitude 1800 - 2000 m (0.40805), curvature concave (0.00788), geology Jd (0.86675), Land Use forest (0.94588), distance from faults 6500–9500 m (0.47110), distance from river 0–200 m (0.25148) and distance form roads 0–500 m (0.24822) have the highest CF values. The result of ROC curve also shows that the certainty factor model has high value of AUC (0.832) which indicates the model employed in this study reasonably good accuracy in predicting the landslide susceptibility of Latyan catchment.

The effect of antioxidant additive on engine performance, combustion and emission of a diesel engine fuelled with methyl ester of calophyllum biodiesel is studied. The antioxidant is mixed in various proportions from 50 mg to 200 mg with methyl esters of calophyllum biodiesel. It has been observed that the anti-oxidant mixture at 200 mg proportion is effective in controlling NOx and HC emission without any modification in the engine. Further there is a reduction in other emission such as CO and smoke of about 48% and 28.57 % respectively at full load condition when compared to the diesel fuel.

Shipping covers 90% of goods transport globally. According to current estimates presented in Third IMO GHG Study 2014, international shipping emitted 796 million tones of CO2 in 2012, which is about 2.2% of the total global CO2 emission. One of the methods of reducing CO2 is by applying wind energy devices such as Flettner rotor for ship propulsion. Ships fitted with Flettner rotors are tested and simulated over various ship routes claiming a fuel saving up to 30% for average ship speed. In this paper the progress of Flettner rotor application exclusively for ship propulsion is reviewed and summarized.