Archives-April 2013

Management citizenship behaviors result in emerging staffs' citizenship behaviors and increase the efficiency of the workplace. Mutuality, trust, legitimacy and organizational justice are regarded among the norms based on which the managers must behave. Some influential factors in management citizenship behavior include marketing factors, organizational factors, the features of the staffs' market and the career. Management citizenship behavior has also some consequences such as staffs' citizenship behavior, conflict between managers and the staffs, and the working groups division. This article indicates the encouraging policies in terms of citizenship behavior in which the manager's encouragement is regarded as one of the management citizenship behaviors.

Satisfaction as one of the most important principles of public participation in rural development is considered, this research was done for study the Effect of Social and economic impact in improving of rural administrators performance for rural residents satisfaction. in this study bases Social of individuals in three dimensions, age, education and social stratification, and economic base in two dimensions, revenue and jobs in improving the performance of rural administrators for rural residents satisfaction were examined. Research methodology was based on descriptive -Analytical methods and parametric tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Means Plots and Independent simplest test by use SPSS software. Questionnaire measuring tool for collection the data from 267 households sample from 11 villages was used, which samples were selected by using of Cochran formula through simple random sampling method. The findings showed that between total Social base factors (age, education and social stratification); four rural administrators in 40-30 years age of rural administrators group, and with 3.20 average, two rural administrators with bachelor's degree and 3.32 average and seven rural administrators in upper stratum of society with 2.95 average and economic base in earnings dimension according to Leuven test (because Fisher’s significance level was lower than 0.05), in dimension of job, except administrators, the most additive effect was related to performance of administrators; according to significant level (more than 5%) performance of rural administrators had a decreasing effect in performing their duties to the satisfaction of rural residents and finally in analysis of general performance of rural administrators bases on rural resident’s view according to Anova test, Bagher Abad-e- Olia, Tang-e- Shohan-e- Olia and Siahkhor villages had a best performance with 3.45, 3.18 and 3.02 average respectively, and in lower ranking, Anjyrak and Gorgi villages had a lower performance between villages of Hassan Abad rural zone for satisfaction of rural residents with 2.7 and 2.47 means respectively.

This paper reviews, appraises, and critiques theoretical and empirical research on the connections between the operation of the financial system and economic growth. It describes the role of financial system development in economic growth at the macro level, both theoretically and empirically. It also describes briefly the relationship of corporate finance and firm performance. It finally concludes the review and presents some policy implications in view of the reviewed literature. Furthermore, theory and evidence imply that better developed financial systems ease external financing constraints facing firms, which illuminates one mechanism through which financial development influences economic growth. The paper highlights many areas needing additional research.

In the present study, the lead phytoaccumulation and its effects on the growth and antioxidant status were determined in Trigonella foenum graceum. The phytotoxicity was studied in the germinating seeds under the exposure to increasing concentrations of lead acetate (25, 50, 100, 200 µM). Although there was a decrease in the germination percentage of the seeds to increasing concentrations, normal growth was observed after germination. The plant was capable of tolerating various concentrations of lead revealed by its vigorous growth after the 16th day of treatment. Pb caused significant reductions in the chlorophyll content, protein content and induced changes in the antioxidant enzymes .Pb decreased the activity of SOD and Catalase while the activity of GPx and LPO were induced significantly after Pb exposure. The plant expressed higher tolerance to Pb which is mainly attributed by its normal growth and physiology.

In this Chapater we prove two important results. Let L be a lattice. A congruence of L is said to be uniform, if any two congruence classes of are of the same size. The lattice L is said to be uniform, if all congruences of L are uniform. We prove that every finite distributive lattice D can be represented as the congruence lattice of a finite uniform lattice.

In the literature, some extensions and generalizations of Enestrom-Kakeya theorem are available. In this paper we refine results by defining the zero –free regions of polynomials.

A cross sectional study is determined to know the effects of nepotism-favoritism and cronyism on the job stress, job satisfaction, adverse word mouth and intention to quit of the bank employees. A random sample of 909 employees selected randomly from 199 branches. A structured questionnaire is used to get the data by self-administered approach. The study revealed that negative practices of nepotism-favoritism and cronyism creates the job stress which decrease the job satisfaction create the adverse word of mouth and increase the intention to quit

Nursing is one of the most crucial health care jobs for any country. The main goal of the study was to determine the job satisfaction of nurses and to explore the factors which play significant role in their job satisfaction. This was cross sectional study. Sample was proportionally allocated to relative hospital sizes. There were 449 nurses selected from six public sector hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done to explore the job satisfaction level of nurses across various classifications. Moreover, using multiple logistic regression different logit models were developed in order to find the predictive strength of job satisfaction using different predictors.

The different layers of the network interface with each other for information transfer. In the cross-layer architecture the physical layer and medium access layer share information so that these information becomes available to the higher layers. The power control information of the physical layer and channel allocation information of the medium access layer are shared are shared with the upper network layers. Interference is a big challenge in wireless networks, so the communication links between two nodes use bit rate as the function parameter in the physical and access layer. The channel and network topologies vary from milliseconds to several seconds depending on the connection variation. The network control mechanism finds out the access control vector and the traffic forwarding decision to accomplish the quantitative performance objectives. The network performance objectives are overall throughput, power optimization and utility optimization of allocated resource rates. The cross-layer control algorithms with optimal performance are presented and analyzed. In this paper the detailed analysis and design techniques are presented.

Tin disulphide thin film on glass substrate is prepared using spray pyrolysis technique at a substrate temperature of 453 K. Using the hot probe technique the type of conductivity is found to be n type. X ray diffraction analysis revealed the polycrystalline nature of the SnS2 thin film with nano sized crystallites of dimension 5.57 nm having hexagonal structure and a preferential orientation along the (002) plane. The surface morphology has been observed using scanning electron microscope. The thickness of the film is determined as 780 nm. The absorption coefficient ? is found to vary between 1.63 x 104 cm-1 and 0.30 x 104 cm-1 correspondingly by recording the absorption data in the wavelength range 400 – 800 nm. Band gap value of 2.78 eV of direct allowed nature is observed for this pyrolysised SnS2 thin film. The room temperature resistivity of SnS2 thin film is found to be 7.18 x 104 ? cm in dark and 3.03 x 103 ? cm in light respectively. Activation energy of 0.47 eV is determined using Arrhenius plot.