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Development of eco-friendly systems and energy efficient systems has been a great concern for sustainable development. In the present research paper, we are using a two-stage evaporative cooler (TSEC) consisting of two evaporative cooling chambers. The temperature drop through TSIEC can be achieved to be about 100K or below by applying the combined concept of bootstrap air refrigeration cycle and evaporative air refrigeration cycle. In this system we are using indirect evaporative cooling of compressed air in two stages of compression followed by cooling to attain very low temperature which can be used for scientific researches and cryogenics.

In Wireless networks, the security of data and information has important role in digital communication and multimedia communication. Different types of encryption algorithms have an important role to provide the security to the wireless networks. Cryptography basically used for the data confidentiality and privacy by making indiscernible. Hence the original data cannot be interrupted by the unauthenticated user. The encryption techniques and different types of useful algorithms are used to provide the more security to the applications. In this paper the well- known method chaotic algorithm is used. Chaotic algorithm is used in real time secure image transmission systems. This algorithm is very popular method used in Research for encryption and decryption process. The combination of chaotic theory and cryptography has very important role in Information Security. In this communication, a new image encryption algorithm based on chaotic map is proposed for gray scale 2D image. In this proposed algorithm, the plain or original image is taken which has MXN dimension. Then Redistribute the pixel pair wise by deciding.

The present study provides the health application at affordable cost. This study such as ethnomedicine keenly represents one of the best avenues in searching new economic plants for medicine.The present investigation was carried out to examine the qualitative phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and anti-oxidant effect of polyherbal drugs namely Shirishadi and Bharangyadi. The hydroethanolic extracts of drugs showed the presence of alkaloid, tannins, flavanoids, phlobatannins, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates particularly reducing sugars. The estimations of total phenolics content in the selected groups was also done spectrophotometrically following the Folin – ciocalteau method and was found to contained 112mg/g & 50.98+ 0.62 of phenolics respectively. Flavonoids were also estimated following the aluminium chloride method and 13.66 + 1.67mg/g of flavonoids was found to present in Bharangyadi compound whereas Shirishadi contains 23.89 + 4.62mg/g. ABTS+ assay shows maximum inhibition of 82.27 ± 2.69 with EC50 462.72 ± 4.56 for Shirishadi and Bharangyadi shows 64.2+ 0.86 percent inhibition with EC50 675.31 + 4.24. Assessment of antimicrobial activity shows that Bharangyadi has more potent antibacterial and anti-fungal effect than Shirishadi. Antibacterial activity was best revealed by Bharangyadi compound against Plesiomonas shigelloides followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa it showed strong antifungal property with maximum affinity against Candida parapsilosis. Shirishadi compound also showed effective antibacterial and antifungal activities with maximum inhibition zone against Plesiomonas shigelloides and Candida tropicalis.Both the drugs were tested against seven bacterial strains and four fungal strains.

The first closed bilayer phospholipid system called Liposomes, was described in 1964 and soon was proposed as drug delivery system. Liposome was found by Alec Bangham of Babraham Institute in Cambridge, England in 1965. In 1965s, it was well recognized that microscopic lipid vesicles, known as liposomes, could be utilized to encapsulate drugs and dyes for the purpose of systemic administration and drug targeting.Liposomes have been widely investigated since 1970 as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents to specific sites in the body. In 1990; drugs with liposome and Amphotericin B were approved by Ireland. In 1995 America F.D.A approved liposor doxodubicin. The liposome a microscopic spherical particle formed by a lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous compartment.An artificial microscopic vesicle consisting of an aqueous core enclosed in one or more phospholipid layers, used to convey vaccines, drugs, enzymes, or other substances to target cells or organs. This review discusses the mechanism of liposome formation, structural components of liposome, classification, preparation method, pharmacokinetics,targeting, advantages, disadvantages, limitation, factors affecting the formation, characterization, potential applications of liposomes in drug delivery with examples of formulations approved for clinical use and products in clinical trials.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the rectum and colon. Results from many studies in people and animals of intestinal inflammation suggest that ulcerative colitis results from environmental factors triggering a loss of tolerance for normal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease primarily affecting the colonic mucosa; the extent and severity of colon involvement are variable. In its most limited form it may be restricted to the distal rectum, while in its most extended form the entire colon is involved. UC belongs to the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which is a general term for a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown etiology involving the gastrointestinal tract. UC is usually associated with recurrent attacks with complete remission of symptoms in the interim.. The leading initial symptom of UC is diarrhea with blood and mucus, sometimes with pain. Fever and weight loss are less frequent. Extra intestinal symptoms can be an initial manifestation or can occur later in the course of the disease. Eighty percent of the patients have only proctitis or proctosigmoiditis, and only 20% have extensive colitis. However, in about 50% of patients with initial proctosigmoiditis, proximal extension occurs later, and in some patients the opposite takes place. Depending of the stage of the disease, endoscopy reveals reddening of the mucosa, increased vulnerability, mucosal bleeding, irregular ulcers, pseudopolyps, granularity, and loss of vascular architecture. Several drugs interacting with various points along the immune and inflammatory cascades are currently available for the treatment of UC. Corticosteroids, aminosalicylates, immunomodulators are the mainstay of medical treatment.

The Ab-initio and charge density analysis of Au and thiol substituted Dicyclopentyl-Cyclohexan (DCC) molecular nanowire, was carried out using high level Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the help of LANL2DZ basis set coupled with the Bader’s theory of atoms in molecules . All the studies were carried out in the presence of an applied electric field which is gradually increasing from 0.05–0.26VÅ?1. The effect of the applied electric field on the geometrical and the topological analysis of the molecular wire is thoroughly made and studies were made to charcterise the bonds, especially the terminal bonds, which shows ionic nature. The variation in the dipole moment as a consequence of the polarization caused by the applied EF is thoroughly studied. HOMO-LUMO analysis was carried out to determine the way the molecule interacts with other species which may initiates the conductivity. The I–V characteristics of the molecule have been studied for various applied fields for finding the conducting nature of the molecule-electrode-molecule system. The molecular electrostatic potential surface was plotted over the geometry of the molecule to elucidate the reactivity of the molecule.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of different teaching pedagogies used by teachers in context of higher education as effective teaching is reflected by effective learning among students. A total of 100 students (20 students in each group, thereby making five groups) in the age range of (18-20 years) studying Humanities stream from colleges of Chandigarh were chosen as sample for the present study. Students were taught the same topic but with different teaching pedagogies. Their opinion and reasoning regarding teaching methods, its effectiveness and understanding were noted down and teacher’s evaluation in terms of achievement test from five groups of students was prepared. Keeping in mind, both important parameters i.e. student’s perception regarding the most effective teaching method and correspondingly an evaluation from the teacher was taken into consideration.The results revealed multimedia method as the most effective where as case study as the least effective method of teaching.

The paper presents the modeling, simulation & analysis of Speed Controller for a Brushless DC Motor. Performance comparison between a position sensor and sensorless based speed control is also presented in the paper. Hall effect Sensors have been used for position sensing and back emf based method has been used for determining the position of rotor in position sensorless scheme. The speed controller has been implemented by incorporating PI controller and hysteresis current controller in MATLAB Simulink. Hysteresis current controller was used to generate PWM pulses for inverter switches. IGBT based inverter was used for conversion of DC power to AC power.

Industrialization is essential to meet up upcoming demands of the evolution. All the industrial activity releases some amount of by-products as pollution into the environment. Iron and steel industry is one of a major heavy industries of Chhattisgarh and considered as resource intensive and pollution prone and added pollution to air, water resources, precious land. In central India many of the integrated iron and steel industry is highly polluting, non-compliant and resource-inefficient. The aim of the present review is to understand and aware with the pollution, mainly (i) stack emission as air pollution, and (ii) heavy metal leaching from piling slag, by steel plants in Chhattisgarh, central India region.

A total of ten plant samples of Rhus mysorensis (Darsan) from unique locations of Sanganer region of Rajasthan were collected for isolation of fungal endophytes. Of these, maximum frequency of Fusarium species (26.33 %) were recorded which are morphologically similar but ecologically variant. The present paper discusses the diversity of Fusarium species (Fusarium oxysporum & Fusarium roseum) within the Rhus mysorensis plant samples of unique location of sanganer region of rajasthan on the basis of frequency distribution and occurrence.