Nuclear and Radiation

A numerical scheme for the Weibel instability of low temperature has been developed which is a modification of the Darwin model. The Darwin model neglects the ion contribution and the theoretical model used considers homogeneous plasma in the presence of a wave low amplitude laser in the dipole approximation using the formalism of kinetic theory. In this study the coupling of the magnetic field generated by self-instability with the laser-wave field is taken into account, described by the Fokker-Planck equation. This equation is solved analytically zero order and disrupted order and distribution functions electrons were explicitly calculated. The dispersion relation of modes Weibel, who holds account of the term of coupling the quasi-static magnetic field with the high frequency field the laser wave, has been established More specifically, typical physical parameters in the experiments melting by laser; it has been revealed a reduction in the spectral range of the unstable modes and a reduction of two orders of magnitude of the rate instabilities.

Water resources development has been identified as crucial to the control and eradication of communicable diseases and more importantly the well-being of the population. Adequate and sustainable source of ground water can be obtained by geophysical methods. Integrated geophysical methods involving electromagnetic and electrical resistivity methods have been carried out to delineate groundwater potential and locate drilling sites for boreholes in four communities in the Nkoranza South District. The electromagnetic method was used for profiling to identify anomaly conductive sites for further investigation using the vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique. Interpretation of the VES data revealed a weathered/ fractured zone at a maximum depth of 25.5 m which are potential aquifer zones.

To protect radiation infrastructure in Iraq, the uranium concentration in toothpastes of national market in Iraq has been measured. Five samples of toothpastes collected from market in Baghdad, for this purpose, which isAnper(from Iraq), Sensodyen(from England), crest (from Germany), Sanino(from Algebra) and Signal (from Egypt), which represent the most used in national market in Iraq. These samples due analyzed using nuclear track detectors technique type lexan detector. The measured values of uranium content found to vary from (1.07-3.57) ppm, which is equivalent in exposer dose in unit mSv were (0.113-0.3795) mSv. The value of uranium concentration is considering low and not harmful, especial the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP) annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv as a general public.

In this study, the aim is the treatment of phosphogypsum and phosphate sample collected in the senegalese chemical industries and actions of management for the valorization of the phosphogypsum. The treatment of phosphogypsum and phosphate show that naturally impurities are present in the samples and this chemical analysis of the treated of the phosphogypsum established improvement of the quality of it. The values observed of MgO, SO3, P2O5, in the phosphogypsum were 24.811%, 57.054% and 1.763% respectively and 35.166%, 0.741%, 53.225% in the sample phosphate if the device is calibrated with standards type mining. The toxic elements found in our study were Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic if we calibrated by standards of mining type, thier activity is low than limit detection of the device for the gypsum, while in sample phosphate, we find a very low quantity of Arsenic and Cadmium equal to 08,860 ppm and 48,380 ppm respectively, when we calibrated with soil type standards, the concentrations of Mercury, Lead and Cadmium are not detectable, while for Arsenic the value was 09,550 ppm for Phosphogypsum and 03,040 ppm for Phosphate. The major phases Alite (C3S), Belite (C2S), Aluminatetricalcic (C3A), and Tetra-calcium aluminoferrite (C4AF), and control ratios Lime Saturation Factor (LSF), Aluminium/Iron ratio (AR), and Silica ratio (SR) were measured. These experimental results shown that the C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF, LSF, AR and SR contents fulfilled the requirement of the Jordan Standards and European Standards. The acidity of samples, was an unfavourable parameter for geotechnical and mechanical properties due to the impurities, The data show that the evolution of densities as a function of compaction energies was not analogous to that of sand, mainly because of the fragility of phosphogypsum crystals as the compaction energy increases, the crystals break and the fragments fill the inter-granular voids.

When I was still a teenager, in my fourteens, my father called me to his watch-making workshop, sat me down on the top of his lap swinging to the left and to the right along with the tick-tack’s sound of the grandfather clock’s pendulum coming from the furthest corner of the room.

In this article, we have discussed the effect of changes in acceleration of gravity on the amount of human awareness. The concentration of research is on the outcomes of the brain which effectuates the loss of consciousness when the acceleration of gravity is changed (G-LOC). G-LOC, pronounced 'GEE-lock', is the abbreviation of G-force induced Loss Of Consciousness, a term generally used in aerospace physiology to describe a loss of consciousness occurring from excessive and sustained g-forces draining blood away from the brain causing cerebral hypoxia. The condition is most likely to affect pilots of high performance fighter and aerobatic aircraft or astronauts but is possible on some extreme amusement park rides. G-LOC incidents have caused fatal accidents in high performance aircraft capable of sustaining high g for extended periods. High-G training for pilots of high performance aircraft or spacecraft often includes ground training for G-LOC in special centrifuges, with some profiles exposing pilots to 9 gs for a sustained period. Experiments carried out on people all in good condition, revealed that they underwent different sofferings, both physically and mentally, when exposed to accelerated movements.

The correct theoretical analysis of the generally accepted foundations of theory of photon (quantum) gas are proposed. The principle of the unity of formal logic and of rational dialectics is the correct methodological basis of the analysis. The new results – the correct quantum-statistical foundations – obtained within the framework of the formulated master equation taking into consideration both the quantum states of the radiating molecule and the quantum states of the photon gas in the isolated macroscopic systems “molecule + molecular gas + monochromatic photon gas” are as follows: (a) Planck’s, Einstein’s, and Bose’s works on the theory of photon (quantum) gas contain logical errors; (b) photon (quantum) gas being born by radiating molecule obeys “Gibbs statistics”: equilibrium photon (quantum) gas is described by Gibbs quantum canonical distribution; (c) Planck function (“Bose’s distribution”) is an consequence of Gibbs quantum canonical distribution; (d) Einstein coefficients (i.e. the coefficients of spontaneous emission, induced emission and absorption) are equal to each other.

The quest for a versatile standardization method for Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Technique has been the major driving force behind many research works for the past few decades. The key factor is the desire to overcome the limitation of dependence on multi-elemental standards without sacrificing analytical accuracy and experimental simplicity. Appraisal of the different approaches towards standardization of Neutron Activation Analysis has been carried out; re-visiting the strengths and weaknesses of each standardization method. k0-standardization method is proposed to be the most suitable for its robustness and for providing remedy to the drawbacks in other methods. The basic principle of Neutron Activation Analysis and the superior qualities of k0-standardization has been reviewed.

Indoor radon concentration measurements in some dwellings in four districts in Ghana have been monitored between 3months and 1 year using LR-115 type II Cellulose Nitrate films in the bare mode. The annual average indoor radon concentrations vary from 9.40 ±6.30 to 144±93.80 (Bqm?3) in the bedrooms. Annual effective doses were calculated, using ICRP-65 conversion values, and the average annual effective dose varied from 0.25 ± 0.08 to 4.33±0.47 mSv. Radon concentration levels and annual effective doses were found to be within recommended limits.

In this work, concentrations of radon indoor were measured at 10 locations in Al-Kufa and Al- Najaf cities, using RAD-7 radon monitoring system of Durridge company USA. Some factors affecting on the radon factor have been studied such as times of day (morning, afternoon and evening) and seasons of year (winter, spring, summer and autumn). This study show that the radon concentration indoor increases at mornings, evenings, decreases at afternoon, also increases in winter and autumn, decreases in spring and summer.