Leadership Management

Team spirit begins with vibrant leadership, individual good inter-relationships, resulting in a cordial, cooperative relationship binding the team members together with inspiration, understanding and vision, of ‘smart’ (specific, motivating, ambitious, realistic and time-bound) goals. The team spirit prevails in the mind of each and every one solely because of the exuberant, far-sighted leadership and equally excited team members, who are all wholly bent upon achieving the goals within deadlines.

The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which principals’ forms of communication influence students’ discipline in secondary schools in Nandi County, Kenya. The study used systems theory by Ludngvan Bartalanffy. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The study sample consisted of 118 public and private schools’ principals, 108 teacher and 1534 student leaders. Each school provided 13 student leaders. Questionnaires for principals, interview guide for teachers and student leaders were used as instruments of data collection. Data was analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse data then, tabulate and present data. The results generated were reported in tables. The study establishes that communication clarity is a key component to adherence of instructions given. The information has highest clarity when given in student baraza. The principal is able to explain himself to the satisfaction of the students and issues raised are promptly answered. The students are able seek clarifications on issues they want sorted out. This enhances discipline. The national and county quality and standards officers should be designed by MOEST to bolstering their assessment capabilities to adequately report accurately on true causes of discipline cases in schools and particularly in Nandi County and give out specific remedies to work out on how to reduce the prevalence.

In order to improve the efficiency of the work in daily life, we adopt the office automation (OA) system to assist the management and service. By the online function and automatic management with the system software, the daily works ran well, the working efficiency got improved. The practice implies that it is feasible to apply the OA system to the daily work and management.

Access to education is one of the basic rights of a child. This right has been hampered in Kenya by social-economic factors beyond the control of disadvantaged communities. The imbalances in resource distribution has resulted not only in limited access to education but poor transition for children from poor and marginalized communities. Although the government at independence identified poverty, ignorance, and disease as the three enemies of development, little has been done to ensure equal access to education for all children. Where attempts have been made, poor planning has negated the gains made. This paper recommends for affirmative actions to be undertaken to reduce the existing inequalities.

This paper aims to examine how the extra-curricular activities affect the social skills of students. Social skills to be implemented here is communication skills and students; self-confidence. Student participation in co-curricular activities helps to promote students’ social skills in order to enter any field for the future prospect to produce skilled human capital in terms of academics and character. Mastering social skills is vital as it gives a good impact in generating positive relationships of a particular student. Active student participation in extra-curricular activities outside the classroom environment allows the students to interact with teachers and friends and to some extent act as a catalyst for social skills development of a student. In addition, through extra-curricular activities, the production of excellent human capital from the physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual aspect can be developed. Involvement in leisure activities also leads to the interaction of students with environment, social and learning inside or outside of the classroom in order to produce excellent human capital development. It will also encourage the development of talent, creativity and students potential to the maximum level. Therefore, the direction of this concept paper seeks to unravel the relationship between extra-curricular activities and their impact on social skills because it could act as a catalyst for the development of students social skills. Therefore, extra-curricular activities should be given the ‘right’ in Malaysia education system.

The principal as the key implementer assumes the role of moderator of all aspects of participatory practices. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which involvement of students in decision making influence students discipline in secondary schools in Nandi County, Kenya. The study used systems theory by Ludngvan Bartalanffy. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The study sample consisted of 118 public and private schools’ principals, 108 teacher and 1534 student leaders. Each school provided 13 student leaders. Questionnaires for principals, interview guide for teachers and student leaders were used as instruments of data collection. Data was analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse data then, tabulate and present data. The results generated were reported in tables. The findings indicated that most of school students were involved in decision making. The incidences of student discipline in those schools were high a factor that could have been occasioned by students sense of ownership and feeling respected and recognised. The study concludes that involvement in decision making and highly correlate to student’s discipline. The study recommends a replication of the same in a number of counties involving teachers and Board members as respondents.

In a globalized world, leaders are no longer selected on the basis of gender, but based on the abilities and qualifications in managing an organization. So, the women chose to be the head of the organization. Unfortunately, they labelled as weak, emotional, rigid and do not have confidence in the management of affairs. The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of women's leadership in the organization of technical and vocational education and motivation and relationship management organization subordinate to the leadership style of women in Technical and Vocational Education organization.

The purpose of the study was to determine the Principals’ mentorship programmes in secondary schools in Nandi County. The study used social learning theory by Albert Bandura. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The study sample consisted of 118 public and private schools’ principals, 108 teacher and 1534 student leaders. Each school provided 13 student leaders. Questionnaires for principals, interview guide for teachers and student leaders were used as instruments of data collection. Data was analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse data then, tabulate and present data. The results generated were reported in tables and charts. The study established that Mentorship builds confidence, established that on academic excellence, it reduces theft of student’s items, reduced prevalence of strikes and prevalence of failing to do duties. On the ethical living it reduced strikes but not much with theft and attendant to duties. The study finds mentorship the key and the most useful in terms of upholding discipline in the schools. Students mentorship programmes in schools in the county be mandatory. Study established that it enhances respect for diversity amongst students and teachers, improves academic excellence, improves career choices, ethical considerations, self-awareness, improves on leadership traits, learning on etiquette, assertiveness and diversity. The principals should make a regular practice and introduce mentorship programmes since if this was in the study it’s an indicator the discipline turn round will be within reach.

An effective management and application of ICT is very important in education nowadays. ICT and e-learning platform plays an important part in the successful implementation of distance, collaborative and e learning for the higher education learners. This approach in the teaching and learning process with the application of ICT culture would create intelligence, academic excellence and quality work life of working adult learners. A good higher education system is required for overall prosperity of a nation. A tremendous growth in the higher education sector had made the administration of higher education institutions complex. Many researches reveal that the integration of ICT helps to reduce the complexity and enhance the overall administration of higher education. This study has been undertaken to identify the various functional areas to which ICT is deployed for information administration in higher education institutions and to find the current extent of usage of ICT in all these functional areas pertaining to information administration. The various factors that contribute to these functional areas were identified. A theoretical model was derived and validated.

This study seeks to understand and explain the leadership practice among technical and vocational teacher of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Seri Medan, Batu Pahat, Johor in facing current educational issues. A qualitative case study conducted among 4 teachers who teach the subjects of invention, life skills, trade and home economics in order to get their perception. The findings in this study demonstrates an understanding among teachers of technical and vocational fields regarding of leadership style and how a practice of leadership style facing the current educational issues. In conclusion, every teacher should diversify their leadership style in teaching so that, the students can increase their proeficiency in specific areas.

Education is bound to be affected if safety and security concerns of students are not addressed fully. With the emergence of the need to present ideas, views and opinions, students usually engage in unruly behavior aimed at seeking attention from the management to listen to them. The objective of the study was to determine how Students discipline affect safety measures in public boarding secondary schools in Trans- Nzoia County, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 40 principals, 754 teachers, 22,562 students and 84 security officers in 40 public boarding secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling procedure were used to select boarding secondary schools. The total sample was 403 respondents which comprised of 20 principals, 143 teachers, 220 students and 20 security officers. Questionnaires, interview schedule, document analysis, observation checklist and focus groups were used as data collection instruments. Data was analysed using descriptive statistical techniques that were frequencies and percentages. Data was presented in tables and charts. The student indiscipline was a safety threat to other students. The common indiscipline cases were theft, sneaking, drug abuse and fires. Drugs and substance abuse played a major role in influencing indiscipline in secondary schools. This study recommends that teachers under the supervision of the principals should conduct regular impromptu search of the students’ items and the school facilities in order to discover security gaps that need to be sealed in the schools. The students, teachers, security officers and any other stakeholders should be sensitized on the safety rules.

The world of education is always changing, in line with the times and the demands of the country's needs . Therefore, the education system needs someone thought leaders in achieving the dream and vision. In educational institutions, the role of the principal is very important in any leadership style can influence and improve the level of change and reform in schools. Effective leaders are leaders who have specific characteristics such as intelligence, honesty and integrity, leadership motivation, self-confidence and creativity. A principal who play an active role as a leader should use the latest approaches to advance the institution he led. One approach that can be used is the charismatic leadership or charismatic leader. Library-based research paper, data was collected using textbooks, journal articles and internet search. In addition, the information valid and reliable used to fulfill the purpose of this paper. This paper was written to study the transformation of the School Management Approach against Charismatic Leadership Styles. It will also touch on the findings obtained from several researchers on topics related to this paper. Charismatic leadership approaches should be emphasized in school management

This study investigated the effectiveness of cooperative language learning (CLL) on using language learning strategies in interaction with self-efficacy among female students. The participants included 34 third junior high school female students in Tabriz that were selected through cluster random sampling. 17 students were in experimental group and 17 students were in control group. In the pre-test stage, all of the subjects in both groups answered to the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Then, the experimental group was treated by cooperative English learning, and control group received traditional English learning during one academic semester. After the treatment, the subjects in both groups were post-tested by the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). Data were analyzed by ANCOVA and the results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of memory for the experimental group. The findings also revealed no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of cognitive, compensation, meta-cognitive and affective and social strategies. The paper discusses implications of employing CLL to foster language learning.

The need to realize improvements in the delivery of public services through results-based approach took the form of performance contracting as an initiative by the Kenyan Government. The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) introduced performance contracting to the public schools as a monitoring and supervisory tool. The study explored the managerial challenges facing headteachers in the implementation of performance contracting in public primary schools in Nandi North Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted an exploratory design and sampled 123 respondents through stratified sampling. The results showed that headteachers are facing managerial challenges ranging from long technical processes and procedures, insufficient training, lack of qualified staff and resistance to change. The study concluded that these managerial concerns have impeded the implementation process. The study recommends the following measures; the headteachers seek collaboration from the various stakeholders in the education sector and provide leadership during the process.

Research done in various industries has consistently shown a strong link between management practices and organization performance. However, very little if any empirical research has been done to investigate such in the education sector. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between management practices and performance of pupils in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) in Kakamega Central District (KCD), Kenya. Specifically the study determined how performance in KCPE was affected by the following management practices: supervision, staff development and communication. To realize the purpose of the study, a survey was done to collect primary data by use of questionnaires. The unit of study was the School.

In today’s competitive world, the only thing that is constant is change. As a result, creative capacity is the key. Creativity has become a topic of ever-increasing interest in educational settings. Like it or not, teachers serve as the metronome in the classroom. The meter and behavior established by them set the patterns and establish the models for students’ behavior as individuals and as a group. Thus, there is a need to identify the role of teacher leadership behaviors for students’ creativity. The purpose of this article is to propose possible approaches to facilitate creativity in the classroom, especially with the emphasis on leadership perspective. First, the definition of creativity is discussed. Then based on the literature, several strategies and ideas of promoting creativity are reviewed. Next, a possible model is proposed, including knowledge, creative thinking, motivation and self-efficacy, goal setting and work group, transformational leadership, and supportive leadership. Finally, the implication of this model is described.

The study investigated the relationship between personal attitude and academic performance of self-sponsored education students at Africa International University. The study focused on the personal attitude of self-sponsored education student towards the learning environment, the commitment of teachers to teaching, university social life and the joy that a student derives from the learning experience. Descriptive research design was employed for the study. The population of the study comprised of 28 undergraduate education students who were subjected to census sampling because their number was manageable. Data collection was done using a close-ended questionnaire while data analysis was done using descriptive statistics such as a table and percentage rating. The findings show that students’ attitude towards the learning environment, the commitment of teachers to teaching, university social life, and personal interest in learning experience significantly relate to academic performance.

Education students, as if they were happy, and obtain the necessary skills to solve problems and enable to proper decisions about their personal and social issues, is sightly scholars of Training and practitioners, and policy makers of education. This requires the use of modern teaching methods in education. One of the new methods of teaching that has many applications is discovery. Discovery method is based on learning search process and explains phenomena. In this paper, in order to be familiar with this approach, concepts, nature, structure and teaching methods are defined based on the discovery. Teaching techniques, such as exploratory learning and experimental Teaching methods.

The study examined the mentors? perception on the challenges and the opportunities encountered by the mentors while mentoring the undergraduate research project in colleges under Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) with special reference to Gedu College of Business Studies. The study has been motivated by the realization that some of the mentors are reluctant to take the undergraduate research groups. Therefore, it is important to find out what are some of the challenges and opportunities faced by the respective mentors in the process of mentoring the research projects. To make the study more authentic and realistic, purposive sampling had been used and personal interviews were conducted to collect data for the study. The data collected through personal interviews were analyzed thematically. The study intends to highlight the most challenging factors and try to provide suitable recommendations. The findings of the study entails that the most challenging part of mentoring is time management and lack of students? knowledge on research. Most of the respondents find it difficult to adjust their time for research due to their teaching workload. Nevertheless, the study also found out that they also get various benefits and opportunities in the process of mentoring.

The purpose of this study is provide some insight into the role played by emotional intelligence in the effectiveness of a leader. The general objective of this research study is to establish the relationship between emotional intelligence and effectiveness of a leader. Specific objective is to understand the role emotional intelligence plays in effectiveness of a leader. The null hypothesis of this study is there is no relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. The study is built on the general belief that leaders are human beings who have human feelings. Therefore, one who is emotionally intelligent might use emotion to create charismatic authority over team members in order to ensure team transformation. It is assumed that effective leaders may not necessarily be people with very high intelligent quotient but those intelligent people who are well able to manage their emotions to suit the present situations. In the recent past, there has been a rise in cases of prominent people and leaders in organizations losing jobs because of their inability to balance between their emotions and job requirements. Cases of stressed workforce have been rising. This prompted this research. Ferris (2002) emotional intelligence is a construct that is gaining a lot of attention because many very learned leaders have been failing in their leadership just because of not balancing between emotions and intelligence. Sosik and Megerian (1999) stated “emotionally intelligent leaders provide the impetus for individuals to collectively perform”. The methodology of this study will be combined research design. Purposeful sampling will be used to sample the population. In this regard, three different cases have been identified to support this proposition and understand the nature of relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. The caseswere drawn from major banks in kenya. The researcher concludes that effective leaders are those who able to balance between their moods and emotions at the workplace in order to influence their employees positively and also well manage others at work

Communication in an organization is aimed to convey correct and accurate information at the right time to people within the organization in order to enhance the organization's performances. In an organization, the down-top communication is required by the managers as suggestions from the subordinates can help them in making decisions and planning organization. The correct and accurate information from the subordinates can also assist the managers to resolve the conflict of organization and make an informed decision in the organization. The top-down communication which is also known as downward communication is also required by subordinates in order to get right and clear information about the tasks which to carry out effectively. The effectiveness of leadership communication is also proposed to be enhanced by either modifying factors of situation to become more comfortable or changing leadership style for leaders

Early childhood education is the basis upon which all levels of education are anchored and therefore effective financial management systems are required to maximize the efficient use of resources, create the highest level of transparency and accountability to ensure long-term economic success. The aim of this study was to assess the Effects of Control Strategies on Efficacy in The Administration of Finances in Public Early childhood development Education Centres In Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design using pragmatist paradigm. The sample size was based on a sample size determination formula by Krejcie and Morgan. Schools were stratified to their quotas. Furthermore,224 ECDE teachers,55 headteachers, 55 SMC chairpersons, 1 QASO,1 County chief education officer and 1 County auditor were sampled using stratified, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The instruments for data collection were interviews and questionnaires and were piloted in Nandi County that share similar characteristic as the study area. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the instruments. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendencies (frequencies, percentages, and means) and inferential statistics such as Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regresioin analysis. This study found out that there was no budget preparation in pre-schools based on schools’ vision. It found a significant correlation between planning strategies and financial management efficacies. The study recommends that there is need for ECDE management committee to: plan for resources early enough before spending to curb waste, strategic mechanisms be put in place to lobby for financial support of ECDE programmes from different stakeholders. It is hoped that the findings will be of great significance to policy makers on understanding the best strategies which if implemented will promote efficacies in the administration of ECDE funds.

As part of the comprehensive reforms in Kenya, the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) introduced performance contracting initiatives to counter the unsatisfaction in services delivery systems. Thus, the study sought to explore the infrastructural challenges facing headteachers in the implementation of performance contracting in public primary schools in Nandi North Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted an exploratory design with a sample size of 123 respondents sampled through stratified sampling. Data collection procedures involved the use of interviews. The headteachers are facing challenges that include inadequate training, lack ICT skills, etc. The study concluded that these concerns have impeded the implementation process and recommend that the headteachers be trained and facilitated.

This study aimed to determine the level of transformational leadership practices by school principals in the national secondary schools in the district of Kinta Utara, Perak, Malaysia. The four dimensions of transformational leadership studied were individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence. The study also looks at the level of teachers’ job satisfaction as well as the relationship with the practice of transformational leadership by the national secondary school principals’. The respondents consisted of 225 teachers employed in 15 national secondary schools in the district of Kinta Utara, Perak. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive analysis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the strength of the relationship. The results showed that the practice of transformational leadership by school principals’ in the district of Kinta Utara, Perak was high and the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers’ was satisfactory with a significant relationship between the level of transformational leadership and job satisfaction. The implication of this study is that the school principals should always ensure that their leadership performance is always kept high to have a significant relationship with the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers’.

The goal of the present study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of reliability and validity of Malay language version of adjusted workplace happiness scales developed by Pryce-Jones (2010) in Malaysian school setting. Therefore a translated and adjusted version of established content and concurrent validity scale was used. Exploratory factor analysis in Malaysian secondary school teachers sample was conducted to examine convergent and discriminant validity of translated and adjusted version of the workplace happiness scales. Following this, the reliabilities and subscale intercorrelations were determined. Next, the reliabilities and nomological validity was evaluated. The overall pattern of results indicated that the Malay language adjusted workplace happiness scale version was reasonably reliable and valid in Malaysian school settings.

Present research intended to find out the perception of private and public sector school teachers regarding existing facilities of their schools and its impact on the academic achievement of secondary school students. Population of the research was comprised of all male and female teachers working in the public and private sectors schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The results shows that teachers of private sector favorably perceived their school in relation to the facilities which these school are providing to maintain effective teaching learning environment. When achievement of private and public sectors schools was compared it was also found that students of private sector schools scores higher when compared with the public sector schools.

The main objective of the research is to identify the influence of mindfulness towards academic optimism among teachers in Malaysian public secondary schools. Data ware obtained from 775 teachers randomly selected from 155 schools in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. Research findings revealed the Malaysian public secondary schools practice a moderate level of mindfulness and academic optimism. The findings also shows that only individual mindfulness has a significant influence towards the teachers academic optimism

Head teacher is a vital part of any school. A school works as an organization in which Head teacher, teachers and students play their role for its effective performance. Head teacher is responsible for designing the whole framework of school and implementing the educational plan to achieve the set goals. Head teacher and teacher relationship is an effective part of school administration. It does affect the effectiveness of school management and its performance. In this way, it also affects the results of the institutions. The good performance of school shows how much effective Head teacher and teacher relationship exists in school. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a five-point scale was developed. It consisted of twenty-five statements for Head teachers as well as teachers of secondary schools. For each statement in the questionnaire, five options were given which were strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree. The respondents were asked to tick the one option among the given five according to their free will. The questionnaire was validated and pilot tested. The questionnaire was administered to the sample and responses were collected. The data collected through questionnaire was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The results of the study show that different school’s head teachers adopt different type of strategies in the same situation but their main aim is to run the system of school smoothly. They effectively play their role in motivating and facilitating the teachers for effective functioning of school.

Peace education is about empowering and equipping students with knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to positive social change. West Pokot County in Kenya is a highly volatile region and is characterized by regular conflict between its inhabitants and communities in neighbouring counties and northern Uganda region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of school plans and regulations and its effect on implementation of peace education in public secondary schools in West Pokot County, Kenya. The study objective was to determine how school plans and policies affect provision of peace education in public secondary schools in West Pokot county. The study adopted a pragmatist research paradigm and a descriptive survey research design. The sample size of 30% of principals and teachers constituted 24 and 198 respectively from a total population of 81 principals and 661 teachers in the County. Based on Yamane formula for sample size calculation, 385 students were sampled from a total of 10,035 students in West Pokot County. The schools were selected using stratified random sampling technique and purposive sampling. Simple random sampling was used to select students and teachers. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test while Qualitative data was analyzed thematically based on the emerging themes. The study established that schools had put in place measures within their plans and regulations to promote the implementation of peace education in the county. It is recommended that there should be enhancement of: parental involvement in the formulation of school plans and regulations within the county.

Peace education is about empowering and equipping students with knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to positive social change. West Pokot County in Kenya is prone to community conflicts and wars between its inhabitants and communities in neighbouring counties and northern Uganda region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of teachers capacity building in promotion of peace education in public secondary schools in West Pokot County, Kenya. The study objective was to determine how teachers’ capacity building in promotes implementation of peace education in public secondary schools in West Pokot county. The study adopted a pragmatist research paradigm and a descriptive survey research design. The sample size of 30% of principals and teachers constituted 24 and 198 respectively from a total population of 81 principals and 661 teachers in the County. Based on Yamane formula for sample size calculation, 385 students were sampled from a total of 10,035 students in West Pokot County. The schools were selected using stratified random sampling technique and purposive sampling. Simple random sampling was used to select students and teachers. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test while Qualitative data was analyzed thematically based on the emerging themes. The study established that schools had put in place measures within their plans and regulations to promote the implementation of peace education in the county. It is recommended that there should be enhancement of: parental involvement in the formulation of school plans and regulations within the county. 

This study was to investigate perceptions of selected International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) students’ regarding the definition and manifestation of Comprehensive Excellence in the university’s vision and mission statement of Integration, Internationalization, Islamization, and Comprehensive Excellence (Triple ICE) – irrespective of gender, nationality or academic achievement. Individual interview sessions lasting between 45 minutes to 55 minutes were conducted on selected IIUM students at separate venues and times. Each dimension was transcribed from the interview questions and decoded into a template. Main ideas were extracted from the template to answer the research questions within the purpose of the study. Two selected co-raters were identified to evaluate the main ideas of the researcher’s template in order to assure its reliability and validity. A percentage range of 96% to 100% showed that the items were highly reliable and valid. The results showed that Comprehensive Excellence was understood by a selected group of students only, thus more students need to be exposed to the conception of Comprehensive Excellence and other components of Triple ICE of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). This study may aid IIUM to compete and excel with other universities – locally and/or internationally as well as to prepare employable and marketable graduates.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Student Councils Involvement in Decision Making and Its Effect on Students’ Discipline in Nandi North Sub-County. This study was hinged on the Participative Leadership Theory (Yukl, 1994) which posits that involvement in decision making improves the understanding of the issues in schools. The study adopted mixed research methodology and targeted 43 school principals, 43 deputy principals and 559 student Council leaders. The sample size for students in this study was determined using Krejcie and Morgan formula. The respondents were selected through the use of stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires, interviews and document analysis were used for collecting data relevant to this study. Validity was determined through expert opinion while reliability was determined through piloting and use of croncbach alpha. The analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics namely; Pearson rank correlation. Data was presented in form of tables, figures and charts. Further, most (55.6%) of the student council leaders reported that students in their schools participated in BOM meetings. Similarly, majority of the student council leaders believed that student involvement in decision making through council members have helped solve indiscipline cases in school. The study findings indicated that there is a strong and significant relationship student council involvement in decision making (r = .723) and school discipline in secondary schools in Nandi North Sub-County. This implies that students should be involved in development and implementation of school rules and regulations in order to enhance student discipline. The study will be useful to the Ministry of Education to have information on the operation and effectiveness of students’ councils since it is still a new policy. It also will yield data and information that was useful to policy planners and decision makers to follow up on policy implementation and evaluation on its role in improving the welfare of students.

This study is aimed to determine whether Cooperative Learning Approach will improve the soft skills among university students and to discover the perception of student towards such approach. Data obtained is analyzed by descriptive as well as inferential statistics. Data on demographic were analyzed by means and percentage, while the paired t-test was used to analyze before and after experiencing Cooperative Learning Approach, in which 0.05 a significant level was established to prove that student’s soft-skills has improved. From 9 key competencies of soft skills that being evaluated, surprisingly result shown that students really improved their soft skills after using Cooperative Learning Approach. In sum, Cooperative Learning Approach can be used as instructional classroom strategy in tertiary education as to improve student’s soft skills and thus increasing their employability chances.

This paper examines school safety measures that have been put in place in primary schools to address the concerns for learner friendly environments in Uasin Gishu county, Kenya. The study was guided by the following objective: To assess the level of safety of school environments and its’ effect on implementation of child friendly schools initiative. This study was guided by resiliency theory as proposed by Krovetz (1998). Resiliency theory defines the protective factors in families, schools, and communities that exist in the lives of successful children and youth and compares these protective factors with what is missing from the lives of children and youth who are troubled. This study adopted a pragmatic approach to research and a mixed methods research design. From the 338 public primary schools in the county, a total of 103 schools were sampled to participate in the study which constituted 30% of the target population. A total of 103 headteachers and 103 class seven class teachers and 2,259 class seven pupils, who were grouped into 202 focus group discussions, participated in the study. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics as well as qualitative techniques. It was established that there is a need for schools to put in place safety measures and rethink their emergency preparedness and response plans. Headteachers and teachers should mobilize resources towards the provision of essential materials such as lightning arresters, fire extinguishers and first aid kits, all of which would enhance safety in the schools in case of emergencies.

Effective administrative practices including budget is continually redefined by states, districts, and schools. The administration attempts to keep up with all changes and meet with the expectations such as reconstructing the budget. Furthermost, the school budgeting practices are within a collaborative decision-making context which include the manners to link educational goal development to management. Panic began in New Jersey when Governor Christie (R) cut $1B in education budget in 2010 (Corbett, 2010; Chakrabarti & Sutherland 2012) and again announced $1.6 billion cut in 2013 (Shinski 2013). This action meant that not only many teachers were discharged but also programs were eliminated. When schools face massive cuts, prioritization and measuring the possibilities started by administrators. In a small measure this paper examines the effects of reducing school budgets and approaches to proceed successful educational programs with concentrating on New Jersey public education. The effects of reducing school budgets.

Relatively few studies in foreign language testing have been conducted on differences between males and females' performance on various sub-tests of the Iranian National University Entrance Exam (INUEE). The present study seeks to explore gender effect on correlation in various sub-tests of the INUEE. To explore correlation coefficient for a group of 1000 students who participated in INUEE, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient formula was employed. The outcomes of a statistical analysis denoted that there is a distinction between the functions of different sub-tests of the INUEE for female and male test-takers.

This study aims to investigate the influence of burnout on job satisfaction among Chinese Independent Secondary Schools (CISS) teachers. The respondents for this study consist of 175 teachers selected randomly from five CISS from one of Northern State of Peninsular Malaysia. Data from respondents was collected using a translated version of questionnaire consisting of 3 parts, namely demographic, Maslach Burnout Inventory - Educators Survey (MBI - ES), and finally Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). The results show that the level of teacher burnout dimension of emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment are moderate. Whereas the burnout dimension of depersonalization was at low level. Meanwhile multiple regression analysis shows that only teacher burnout dimensions emotional exhaustion have a significant negative influence on CISS teacher job satisfaction. Findings suggest that the CISS organizations should pay more attention on teachers’ psychological aspect such as teacher burnout in the workplace in order to generate better quality of teachers’ job satisfaction and performance.

Emotional intelligence is very important to everyone especially to educators. It can help them to controlling their emotional from stress, burnout, angry and others. It also educates the teacher the ways to become an outstanding and humanity teacher in their management. So the aims of, this study is to determine the level of the educational final year students and the relationship between the emotional intelligence with leadership style. The total of respondents are 26 students from Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The researchers were using questionnaires as an instrument to collect the data from respondents. After that, it was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. The data gathered the level of students emotional intelligence in a moderate level based on self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management elements. There is also a relationship between an emotional intelligence with leadership styles of students.

Lately in educational organization, voluminous studies accentuate the momentous of leadership in mobilizing creativity. Creativity skill is seen as one of the important skills required for the 21st century leadership, which is also known as the tool for creative leader’s mind in engaging and stimulating ideas to execute outcomes. Hence, leaders should create an opportunity by involving every employee and stakeholders in schools to contribute their ideas towards developing creative solutions to enhance school productivity. The focal point of this article is to offer a conceptual framework on creative leadership practices among school leaders towards collaborative school culture. Intensive reviews of literature will be used in the fields of creative leadership and school culture with the aim to nurture leaders into better leaders and encourage collaborative school culture. The framework contributes a new shed on the implication of creative leadership practices and collaborative school culture. It also will contribute a new theory development and offered suggestions for follow up research.

This study was intended to investigate the satisfaction level of prospective teachers towards their training course and in this regard relevant literature was searched and required data was collected from the sample of 100 prospective teachers (only B.Ed. student,) through administration of questionnaire. After analysis of data it was disclosed that all factors including curriculum, teaching methodology, library and physical facilities and assessment have correlation with each other as well as great influence on quality of education and if all these components are considered while planning training program for prospective teachers than it will surely enhance satisfaction level among student teachers and quality of education in teacher training institutes will also raise.

The involvement of subordinates in decision-making has attracted much attention among academicians as well as practicing managers. In the school scenario, there had been fervent calls to involve teachers in the decision making process ever since the advent of the school based management concept. However many are still debating on how to involve teachers effectively in the decision making process. One of the major concerns is, whether the decisional situation is in the zone of acceptance of the teacher. Even though much has been done in evaluating teachers’ participation in decision making in schools, there is still lack of systematic procedure to develop the right instrument to assess this phenomena. In light of this, the following paper discusses the process of developing and validating an instrument to assess teachers’ participation in decision-making. The instrument was developed via focus group interviews involving teachers and school administrators. The instrument measures teachers’ participation in decision-making from five perspectives: curriculum and instruction, student related issues, staff related issues, financial issues, and general administration. The instrument was administered to 48 school administrators and 216 teachers and based on the results the reliability index was computed. The Crobach Alpha values for the dimensions ranges from 0.79 to 0.94. Apart from that, the instrument was also subjected to various types of validity check such as face and content validity, concurrent validity, and dimensionality to ensure that it has sound psychometric properties.

Leadership is the ability through which people follow a leader at their own will. Leaders do not exert any influence upon others; instead they give a vision and have a clear picture and prerequisite skills of how to achieve it. Educational leadership is the process of directing the potentialities and energies of teachers, students, parents and all the stakeholders towards the achievement of shared educational goals. It has become evident through researches that leadership is that ability which is genderless. Comparative studies related to gender in school administration has proved that under female leadership the performance level and learning achievement of students was higher. The prime responsibility of educational leaders is to convert teaching institutions into learning institutions. The gender differences in leadership styles are observable but it is not proved that men are better leaders as compared to women. Both of them can excel in effective educational leadership if they show the prerequisite qualities.

This study was designed with the objectives to assess the facet-specific job satisfaction levels of the head teachers of elementary school in context of their school size and to determine significant differences between head teachers of smaller and bigger schools for their job satisfaction levels for each of the twenty dimensions of the job as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The study was descriptive and survey type in nature. The relevant data were collected from the head teachers using Urdu version ofthe MSQ. The collected data was computed using mean, and t-test statistics. It was concluded thatoverall, the head teachers were found satisfied with their jobs. Compensation, school policies and practices, social status, and working conditions were found least contributors of their job satisfaction. Among these factors compensation and social status were contributing less satisfaction to the head teachers of bigger schools as compare to the smaller schools. Recommendations were made focusing on the factors which were contributing least satisfaction for the head teachers. There is need to improve the compensation package and social status of the head teachers, andworking conditions and policies and practices in these schools.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of job satisfaction among university teachers based on gender, age, and sector of university. Questionnaire is used to acquire the required responses from university teachers in order to accomplish the research objectives. Descriptive and inferential statistics, ANOVA analysis, T-test and frequency tables are used to analyse the data. Study found that the level of satisfaction in universities’ teachers is primarily contributed by the administrative factors. Although, the results indicate no statistically significant relationship of gender attribute of demographics with satisfaction of university faculty, however, male are less satisfied as compare to female faculty, which led to the no rejection of Ho1. Ho2 is rejected and significant difference is found between faculty of private and public universities. The inferential statistics conclude a significant relationship between university type and satisfaction. The results of ANOVA reports significant relationship between various age categories and overall level of satisfaction. The results lead to the rejection of null hypothesis Ho3. Job satisfaction level decreases with increase of age. Certain recommendations are given at the end to increase the level of job satisfaction of university faculty.

Library computerization projects at Nimbe Adedipe library, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and Keneth- Dike Library, university of Ibadan were evaluated. The total population of the respondents was 331 which include two university librarians, twenty-two library staff and two hundred users. The data collection instruments used for this study were a questionnaire and interview. The instruments were structured to identify important measurable variables associated with the provision and utilization of library computerized services. Out of 200 copies of questionnaire administered to the users, only one hundred and ninety two were completed and used for the study. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics involving tables and simple percentages. Based on the questionnaire survey of the library staff and the interview granted by university librarians, the information technology resources in the university libraries were inadequate for successful implementation of the library computerization project, however, computerized services such as CD-ROM services, internet search online journal subscription proved by the libraries have tremendous impacts on the organization, management and dissemination of information. There was a low number of satisfied users which was an indication that much remain to be done to fully grow the automated information services profiles in the university libraries.

This study examined the influence of organizational trust and job satisfaction on teachers' job performance among teachers in Ekiti State. Two hundred and fifty eight teachers randomly drawn from Ekiti State public secondary schools participated in the study. Organizational trust scale, Job satisfaction scale and Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale were used as measures of investigation. Four hypotheses were tested using the independent t-test and the two way Analysis of Variance. Results showed that organizational trust significantly influences job performance among teachers in Ekiti State [F (1,254) = 12.355; P< .01]. Also, it was revealed that job satisfaction significantly influences job performance among teachers [F (1,254) = 3.529; P< .05]. However, no significant interaction effect of job satisfaction and organizational trust was found on job performance. Result of data analyses also showed that sex has no significant influence on job performance among teachers in Ekiti State [t (256) = -0.58; p>.05]. The findings were discussed in line with previous research findings and it was recommended that teachers should be given responsibilities and authority with less supervision to boost their sense of belongingness, respect and commitment which sustains trust in organizations and enhance performances.

Bantuan Geran Per Kapita merupakan bantuan kewangan yang diperuntukkan kepada setiap pelajar warganegara Malaysia yang bersekolah di Sekolah Kerajaan atau Sekolah Bantuan Kerajaan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kebolehan dan mengenalpasti jenis pengetahuan dalam menguruskan Geran Per Kapita mata pelajaran dalam kalangan guru-guru MPAV di SMV Negeri Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan untuk mencapai objektif kajian. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik yang merupakan instrumen dalam kajian ini. Sampel kajian ini melibatkan 54 orang guru di empat buah sekolah aliran vokasional. Sekolah yang terlibat dalam kajian ini ialah Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Tanah Merah, Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Pasir Mas, Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Pengkalan Chepa dan Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Kuala Krai. Data dan dapatan kajian dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan perisian ‘Statistical Package For Social Sciences’ SPSS versi 16.0 untuk mendapatkan nilai skor min dan nilai peratusan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kebolehan guru dalam menguruskan geran per kapita MPAV berada pada tahap tinggi dengan skor min 3.82. Manakala pengetahuan berkaitan pembayaran dalam menguruskan geran per kapita menunjukkan skor min yang tinggi iaitu 4.28 berbanding perolehan dan pelupusan. Bagi analisis data dalam kajian hubungan tahap pengetahuan dengan tahap kebolehan menunjukkan perkaitan yang rendah dimana (r = -0.11). Perkaitan yang dihuraikan adalah tidak signifikan kerana p > 0.05 (p = 0.40) maka Ho tidak boleh ditolak iaitu terdapat perkaitan statistik yang signifikan antara tahap pengetahuan dengan tahap kebolehan dalam menguruskan Geran Per Kapita MPAV. Seterusnya kajian ini menyarankan bahawa kursus-kursus dalam perkhidmatan dapat menambahbaik kebolehan dan pengetahuan guru-guru dalam menguruskan geran per kapita MPAV.

Since the year 2003 when Free Primary Education (FPE) was institutionalized in Kenya, there have been a myriad of challenges that have been associated with it in respect of adequacy, safety of students and teachers, inappropriateness, and presence or availability of vital aspects. Among these are; classrooms, textbooks, teachers, play fields, office space, school fencing, and support staff in public primary schools. Many authorities have attributed such a scenario to the non-committal nature of government to its FPE policy implementation through inadequate human and non-human resource allocation, poor quality and standards assurance mechanisms, and to inconsistent monitoring and evaluation programmes. In this respect, The 2010 Kenya Constitution stipulates a compulsory basic education, implicitly for all citizens aged 18 years and below, or in primary and secondary schools. In as much as several studies have revealed an increase in school retention rates and enhanced access to education, it has also been noted that vital school expected outputs such as learner discipline and academic (Kenya Certificate of Primary Education) performance have dwindled. The result has been relative public dissatisfaction as regards services offered in public primary schools in Kenya. It is noteworthy that the government seems to appreciate the factors underlying such inadequate performance in public primary schools in Kenya. This is seen in their strategic policies to ensure that the poorer public primary school output attain the same national secondary school educational opportunities with the better performing private primary school graduates in a favoured way, seemingly non-competitively. This better performance has led to increased demand for private primary school education in Kenya. From merely less than 20 by the mid 1980s, there has been a marked increase in establishment to over 1000 registered private primary schools spread across the length and breadth of Kenya, Makini School being among the premier in offering regular national curriculum in Nairobi City. These multiplicity of individual, company or group efforts to overcome challenges faced in government educational endeavours through private enterprise then demands competitive engagement of stakeholders to ensure better out-put to meet public expectation. Literature identifies leadership proactiveness, realized through a calculated combination of visibility, aggressiveness, assertiveness and innovativeness in management, as backbone to the desired institutional success. It also explains that a more proactive manager is more likely to remain afloat unlike his complacent peers given similar challenges in their rival organizations. Such success would be necessary for achievement of national goals of education given contribution of private primary school participation. Therefore, this presentation focuses on the value of headteacher leadership proactiveness in management of private schools.

Soft skills is the important skills that need to being apply in order to reduce the numbers of jobless among graduates. One of the reasons for soft skills seldomly applied in teaching and learning process is lack of information among lecturers and the polytechnic administrator to identify the suitable methods and ways to apply soft skills in teaching and learning process. This study was conducted to identify the level of leadership skills apply in engineering programmes’ curriculum for civil, electric and mechanical engineering students in Politeknik Port Dickson, Politeknik Kota Bharu and Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah. By using descriptive study in purpose survey, the samples for this study involving 297 number of students from the selected polytechnic and using questionnaire and interview. Researcher found that there is moderate level of leadership skills applied in engineering programmes’ curriculum by using analysis of mean and variance and ANOVA test. Lecture method is the most teaching and learning method being used to applied leadership skills in engineering programmes’ curriculum. There is statistically significantly difference between the levels of leadership skills applied in engineering programmes’ curriculum during teaching and learning process in polytechnic and the type of engineering programmes being taught. Researcher hope a module being construct as a guideline for lecturers to apply soft skills in engineering programmes’ curriculum at PPD, PKB and POLISAS.

The rationale of the present research is to understand how and to what extent a particular leadership style can affect the climate of the organization. And further to find out the most popular form of leadership on the basis of data collected from both public and private sectors respectively. The real leadership is measured by its impact on others and in creating organizational climate which focuses on employee wellbeing. The questionnaire was conducted on 105senior personnel in education sector to determine their leadership style and further to study the effectiveness of each style on the climate of the organization. Results: There is a difference in leadership styles of different educational institutes and in turn their impact on climate of the institute. The leadership styles prominently emerging are participative and catalytic. Implication: Success of the organization depends on its leader. Participative leaders are those who involve other people in the process, including their subordinates, peers, superiors and other stakeholders. The Catalyst Leaders are visionary, they have facilitative, innovative, inspiring vision and empower people to transform the vision into reality. The paper reports that the different leadership styles create different type of climate which is responsible for the over all wellbeing of the employees and the institute. In today’s world successful leaders are those who provide opportunity and training to everyone to develop to the next level.