Mechanical Engineering

There is a growing demand for the need of alternative fuels for transportation. Increasing the efficiency and reducing the exhaust gases in engines have been dominant in the fields of research. The exhaust gases contain numerous pollutants that are extremely harmful though in chronic conditions. Hence, Electromagnetic engines were created that uses the combined power of an electromagnet as well as a permanent magnet. While these engines have already proven their worth as alternative sourced engines, non-polluting and eco-friendly, the current challenge is to make them more efficient, reliable and cost effective.

The present research paper has examined the factors which a company must consider while implementing Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices. Manufacturing companies nearby Bhopal will be examined in their approach to be more sustainable. The research method employed is a case study analysis through Semi-structured interviews held with relevant managers. This research correspond with the Strategic and operational planning, Structure, systems, and decision making Management of people and company culture; Relationships with supply chain members. Top-management support is crucial for effectively working GSCM practices. A flat hierarchical structure might be helpful for successful GSCM, but therefore the inherent advantages of a flat hierarchy have to be exploited. Employee involvement is recognized as another crucial element of GSCM. An environmentally friendly company culture is beneficial and should be derived from the companies’ environmental vision and/or mission. Collaborations with suppliers are perceived to be productive and essential to develop innovative products. Other tools, like supplier questionnaires, can help to improve the environmental impact of the whole supply chain.

The concept of paper begin with a review of the salient theory and available body of literature of SCM in terms of responsibility, manufacturing practices, competitive advantages, SCM practices and overall performance of company. As the study composed of surveys of 92 manufacturing companies nearby Bhopal and in-depth interviews is discussed and their findings shared. Various statistical tools are used for the analysis of collected data. Their reliability and content are checked using reliability analysis. The discussion of findings and their implications, and concluded with some suggestions for future research.

The prediction of long term mechanical properties of sandwich structures consisting of PU foam core and Vinyl Ester (VE) / Glass face sheet material under temperature, humidity and salt fog environment were performed by accelerated testing methodology based on the Time-Temperature superposition principle (TTSP). PU foam cored VE/ glass fibre reinforced sandwich structures with varied densities of PU foam were prepared and tested for degradation in flexurall properties at three different temperatures (30° C, 40° C, and 50° C) and RH 95% for a period of 120 days. The degradation in flexural properties such as Facing Bending Strength (FBS), Core Shear Strength (CSS) and compression properties (edgewise and flatwise strength) were studied. The master curves for FBS, CSS,ECS and FCS were constructed by using the test data obtained from the degradation studies at three different temperature conditions based on Time temperature super position principle and the acceleration factor has been determined. An effort has been made to develop methodologies for accelerated testing of sandwich structures for long term durability considering time, marine ambiance, temperature and humidity as major influencing parameters

Motor cycle accidents have been increased in the last two decades. Helmet can protect the vehicle riders from severe injuries during road accident to certain extent. To design a functional helmet, it is important to analyze the shape of the helmet and visor portion. So that the attempt has been made for design and analysis of new helmet by considering the drag pressure and anti-glare visor. The drag pressure resistance presses the helmet against the neck portion of the rider. The shape of an aerodynamic helmet can be able to reduce the drag pressure. The spherical shape and a new aerodynamic shape helmets are designed with aid of Pro-E software and the drag pressure are calculated and comparison has been made on the basis of drag pressure.

Clay–Ag composite films were based on polyethylene, 0.75 degree and master batch which were produced under the temperature 195-165 degrees Celsius, at 50rpm speed. The morphology and microstructure of the composite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological behavior was investigated by using a ball-on-disk tribometer in vacuum and in humid air. The crystalline Ag phase dispersed in amorphous Clay and the size of the crystalline Ag increased with the Ag content in the films. The mechanical and tribological properties of Clay–Ag composite films varied with the Ag content. At the content of 42 at %Ag, the composite film had the highest microhardness and elastic modulus. The amorphous Clay in the Clay–Ag 42% composite film made the main function during wear, so the film showed the lowest friction coefficient. The friction coefficients of the Clay–Ag composite films in vacuum were lower and more stable than those in humid air, but the environmental sensitivity of tribological behavior decreased obviously due to the addition of Ag in the films.

This article provides a short introduction to Project based Learning (PjBL) that are significant in the mechanical engineering students project MR02/07 development for agricultural product and typical of socio-constructivist of student approaches. The objectives of using PjBL module is producing innovative product by implementation PjBL concept. These project methods will describe deeply the process of development chopper machine with specified code MR02/07. By using PjBL module the process will drive directly from first to the end. Guided with BIE approach and reference models, PjBL module create new 21 century learning era with guided in project development to meet engineering standard and completed on time. It’s works smoothly with guided forms at PjBL module instrument. Engineering students will fulfill the mastery learning in engineering project development methods when use PjBL module for their product development. Please, see project-based learning (PjBL) module that develop for engineering project development at Mechanical Department, Politeknik Kota Bharu, Malaysia.

The industrial/military power of any nation is attributed to its ability to produce steel. Alloys are as a result of the combination of a base material with other constituent elements. It is therefore interesting to note that for this well researched paper metallic alloys are a combination of a base metal and other constituents. The main constituents here are the carbon. It is the addition of carbon that change metals to an engineering material, thus, various constituents of carbon carbides can be constituted to give different categories of steel alloys which can be used to produce different spare parts. With various production methods, these steel alloys can be better appreciated by what it can be used to accomplish.

In this study food waste from a restaurant, chicken waste and waste flour are used as feedstock. Along with this, one new biogas unit model is used and compared with the existing one for various features. The outcomes are documented. Different decisive parameters were verified and got compared with those generated from conventional type of feed stock in various AD processes mentioned in different literature searched. With the individual effect all above influensive parameters, the relation between them is also verified which shown consistent results.

Carbon fibers have been considered as so important reinforcements for aluminum alloys in manufacturing advanced composite materials. Composite materials have been used in automobile, ships aircraft, sports goods and so on. This study discussed the experimental results on tensile strength and modulus of three samples, at different orientations and constant volume fraction of 60% of carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix composites at low temperatures. Several experimental tests have been carried out at longitudinal (0°) and transverse (90°) directions of composite specimens using an environmental test chamber with a universal testing machine. Thermo-mechanical tensile loads at strain rate of (0.0015 s-1) were applied to carbon fiber/Aluminum laminates at room temperature (RT=23 0C, zero 0C, -15 0C and -30 0C). The results indicated that low temperatures have a significant effect on mechanical properties i-e tensile and modulus. It was found that the tensile strength for sample S1 reduced as the temperature decrease for both directions while S2 didn’t effect by low temperatures in transverse direction but the strength was reduced at -30 0C by 10% compared to RT in longitudinal direction. It was also observed that for S3, the tensile strength was reduced at -30 0C for both directions. The modulus of the three samples was increased as the temperature reduced. The experimental results also indicated that the strength and modulus for the three samples are higher in longitudinal laminates compared to transverse laminates at low temperatures.