Mechanical Engineering

Seats are one of the most important components of automotives. In recent years, customer expectations for automotive comfort are increasing, and the development of seats that cause little fatigue, even for long distance driving, has been required. Automotive manufacturers recognize comfort as one of the major selling point, as it is thought to play an important role for buyers as well. This literature review incorporates previous studies related to automotive seating comfort and discomfort. It summarizes key literature related to seating design and criteria and reviews comfort issues in automotive seating. The aim of this paper is to describe the measurement methods that are used to improve the physiological comfort of automotive driver’s seat. The paper has 3 sections. First, we explain the nature of sitting comfort and discomfort. Secondly, we describe the subjective and objective measurement methods that are used to evaluate the automotive seat. Thirdly, we propose a methodology for the development of comfortable driver’s seats.

Sand inclusion is an important defect in Cast Iron castings. On an average this defect is almost thirty to forty per cent of the total defects occurring in a foundry. Sand inclusion is undesirable since it results in reduction in the strength of the casting and bad finish of the casting surface. More than hundred parameters are responsible for sand inclusion and hence it is difficult to control defect during casting. A detailed Literature review of the previous work mostly on sand inclusion for almost last fifty years is done in this paper to find appropriate parameters for defect formation of sand inclusion. From the literature review it is found that the exact remedy for sand inclusion is not easy. The papers describing different techniques like Quality Function Deployment, cause and effect diagram, Design of Experiments etc. are also referred for finding the appropriate parameters responsible for sand inclusion. Corrective action should be taken on responsible parameters to eliminate the defect and improve quality of ferrous castings.

Overheating is the major problem ofhermetic compressor due to extra amount of heat added from the motor windings to the shell. It reduces the mass flow rate of the system which results in reduced compressor volumetric efficiency and extremely high discharge temperature. The refrigerant injection is a technique to improve the system performance. This paper reviews the major research on refrigerant injection techniques in detail. The refrigerant injection technique divided into two categories, first is vapor injection and another is liquid injection. Flash tank and internal heat exchanger are two cycles for refrigerant injection. These two cycles are discussed in detail.

The torque of the continuously variable transmission system with friction drive mechanism is transmitted by contacting roller with input and output disks. For the higher transmitted torque, it is necessary to apply large load in order to get higher friction force, which in turn generates severe high stress on the contact surfaces of roller and disks. The ‘Toroidal’ type CVT system has simple component arrays that have three contact points between roller and each input or output disk to get the torque transmitted. This work documents a successfully developed experimental model of a ‘Toroidal’ continuously variable transmission (CVT) by adjusting its geometrical configuration of CVT design and compared the experimental results of speed, torque and power delivered at the output disc with those obtained by a theoretical.

In this research work, effect of outer jacket insulation on energy equivalent of bomb calorimeter has been analyzed. Energy equivalent shows the sum of the heat capacities of the components in the calorimeter, especially the bomb, the bucket and the water in the bucket. Energy equivalents are determined at regular intervals by experimenting with a sample of a standard material with a known heat of combustion. Emphasis is being placed on minimizing thermal losses between bomb calorimeter and surrounding. For that some Saw dust are introduced in the outer jacket of the present calorimeter which was previously designed only for filling with water (water jacket). For assessing the effect and significance of these selected insulations on energy equivalent of bomb calorimeter, experiments and calculation have been done with same fuel (Benzoic Acid). In other words, we want to prove that when heat transfer between system and surrounding is less, energy equivalent of bomb calorimeter would be lesser. Experiments were carried out on bomb calorimeter with four types of jackets which are filled with water (Thermal conductivity – 0.56), glass wool (Thermal conductivity – 0.04), and saw dust (Thermal conductivity – 0.08). Some modification work on existing bomb calorimeter had to be done so that selected insulations can be installed as desired in the apparatus for experiments.

The primary goal of TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) programme is to change the culture of the company’s maintenance policy by involvement of all employees toward the maintenance system of the company. The present paper aims to reduce unplanned stoppage, breakdown the accidents and losses obstructing equipment effectiveness. Prior to induce the TPM in the industry a review is being done by researcher and real time Overall equipment effectiveness is measured and shown to management of companies. Real time TPM is being implemented for an effective maintenance of the company and consecutive six month data is collected to see the change. Due to effective maintenance and employee involvement for one purpose has enforced the management for continuous improvement in the company through the systematic implementation of TPM.

Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a maintenance program which involves newly defined concept for maintaining Plant, Equipment & available facilities. In this present paper concepts of TPM and its Implementation strategies, and Identified problems are categorized under the pillars of TPM as their remedy action. Solutions to these problems are suggested in accordance with TPM guidelines. In accordance with TPM such as lack of cleaning activities around different work stations, no planned maintenance whatsoever, and lack of safety measures for workers and room for improvement in Plant Layout are found. These problems create many related sub-problems and affect the overall productivity of the organization. So, there is a room for Implementation of TPM. The recommendations made on the basis of TPM guidelines will help the organization in increasing its productivity, better product quality, improved efficiency of equipment and machines, besides it also improves worker’s job satisfaction by enhancing their technical skills, reduces work related accidents, & overall a healthy competitive atmosphere will prevail in organization.

Extensive studies were investigated Mechatronics of Automobile since the synergistic combination of classical electro-mechanic of automobile , computer science and automatic engineering were integrated to together at the beginning of the conceptual stage for the design of new models of automobile. More automobiles involve more pollution after fuel consumption. Although motors’ performance had been proving through its electronic computerized control unit, also called calculator, the limitation and the insufficient functional problem of motor’s injection system remain unsolved. To overcome this problem at different angle in contrast with early studies and conclusions, this paper focuses on motor’s electronic computerized control unit, such as Motronic injection system performance to highlight limitation and insufficient of motor’s injection system by using requirement and constraint analysis of electronic system on the sensors, calculators and injectors before the consequences of the failures of Mechatronics key elements in the motor’s injection system. The results show that electro-chemistry constraints, hardware and software requirements .This paper support the hypothesis that hybrid engine is more perfect for reducing fuel consumption and avoiding harmful gas emission than an internal combustion engine or an electric motor one alone .

The study focused on the modelling of a candle flame using CFD modelling technique. Governing equation which formed the basis of a CFD modelling using SolidWorks flow simulation was developed, and the simulation result was compared with an existing experimental result. Modelling results show that the heat flux is maximum at the wick base and minimum at a distance of 0.1m from the wick tip, where it maintains averagely a constant value of 55.23kW/m2. This implies that the heat flux generated by a typical candle is large enough to ignite secondary objects such as wood materials located even 100 mm above the wick of the candle as they are capable of auto-ignition at heat flux above 40kW/m2. However, nearby objects that are not directly over the candle base can also be ignited, but must be located much closer for ignition to occur.

Two phase closed thermosyphon are often used in heat exchanger equipments because of their high heat transfer capabilities without external power requirements. In the current study, the heat transfer characteristics of two phase closed thermosyphon is analysed experimentally for various angle of inclinations and heat inputs. To carry out the experiment, two copper thermosyphons of length 1000 mm, inner diameter 17 mm and outer diameter 19 mm are taken and charged with 60 ml of working fluid with an evaporator length of 400 mm and condenser length of 450 mm. One of the thermosyphon is charged with de-ionized water (DI) whereas the other is charged with aqueous solution of n-hexanol. The heat transfer coefficient of thermosyphon filled with aqueous solution of n-hexanol shows a better result when compared to thermosyphon filled with de-ionized water.