Mechanical Engineering

The present paper has focused on the development of an Alluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC) which posses good mechanical properties to meet the functional requirements as the materials of machine elements. The AMMC samples are prepared by mixing reinforcement materials like SiC, Al2O3, Al3C4 in different sizes and percentages with Alluminium base materials like Al6061, Al6063, Al7075 using stir casting furnace according to taguchi orthogonal array OA L9 for minimizing experimental cost. The properties (responses) like density, tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness are determined for the samples. These responses are studied and analyzed using fuzzy logic and the optimum combination of influential factors are identified. A new sample is prepared as per identified combination and tested for confirmation, and it is satisfactory.

In this paper, a Hybrid approach has been developed by combining Taguchi Method, grey relational analysis method and fuzzy logic, to reap their advantages in the drilling process. Using hybrid approach a single hybrid grade is determined for multiple response characteristics. Drilling experiments has been performed on Al6061 material with coated and uncoated HSS tools under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) condition. The controllable parameters such as speed, feed, lubricant, tool material and point angle which influence the responses like power, temperature, Burr height, surface roughness are identified. The responses are analyzed using this hybrid approach and optimum controllable parameter combination is identified.

This paper is focused on selection of optimal parameters in drilling of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC) using “Fuzzy Logic”. AMMC samples are prepared based on selected material parameters and drilling experiments are conducted on these samples as per Taguchi OA L27 which is designed based on material and drilling parameters. The experimental results: power consumption, temperature, surface roughness, and burr height are measured for each experimental run. These results are analyzed using Fuzzy Logic and optimal parameters combination is identified. The identified combination of influential factors is tested through confirmation experiment and is satisfactory.

The Islamic civilization paid great attention to mechanical engineering during the medieval centuries. The mechanical engineers of the Islamic Empire gave outstanding attention to measurement instrumentation including balances and astrolabes. They used balances to adjust commercial activities in the society and for engineering purposes. They succeeded to use the balance in determining the specific weights of both solids and liquids, examining the purity of precious materials and examining the constituents of alloys. They developed the Greek astrolabe and discovered hundreds of applications required by their daily life. They also devised different type of astrolabes such as the planispheric, quadrant and spherical astrolabes. They wrote 100's of manuscripts explaining the design and use of the astrolabe where some of them still surviving up to now in a large number of libraries and museums around the world. The paper discusses the contribution of Islamic scientists to the development and application of balances and astrolabes.

A second order process of 164.5 seconds settling time is controlled using a PDF controller (through simulation). The controller is tuned by minimizing the sum of square of error of the control system using MATLAB. Functional constraints are imposed on the maximum percentage overshoot, settling time and stability condition. The result was reforming the process slow response and producing a closed-loop control systems of a maximum percentage overshoot less than 2 % and a settling time less than 0.6. The performance of the tuned-PDF controlled process is compared with that tuned using the ITAE standard forms.

One of the most sensitive features of the sheet metal forming is the elastic recovery during unloading called springback. Sheet metals are prone to some amount of springback depending on elastic deformation. Obtaining the desired size and design of die depends on the knowledge of the amount of this springback. So the accurate prediction of the springback is very important. The springback is affected by the factors such as sheet thickness, material properties, tooling geometry etc. In this paper the effect of various parameters such as sheet thickness, ratio of die radius to sheet thickness, strength coefficients on springback are studied. Also a Neural Network prediction model is prepared and the results of FEA and NN model are compared for springback.

The reduction of fix and variable costs has significant impacts on proper machinery management. To measure the effects of new machinery management on fuel and oil consumption, a study was conducted using empirical data on eight Massey Ferguson 399 model agricultural tractors at Amir-Kabir agro-industry, Iran in 2011. The performance of Nano?-Diamond additive oil was compared with conventional oils. Results were shown that naturally low coefficient of friction combined with excellent chemical inertness made these additives very attractive in a wide range of applications in engine oils. Also, results shown : 21% and 25% reduction in fuel and oil consumption, respectively where Nano?-Daimond additives was applied in oil and consequently a reduction of pollution was measured on engine exhausts. The use of Nano?-Daimond oil shown a better performance for the reduction of fuel and oil on tractor engines’ costs by 14% where compared to the conventional oil.?

The originality of a design is directly proportional to the time taken to make it, but from the financial perspective this can cost the organisation a fortune, owing to the competition that it has to face in the live market. It is for this reason that many organisations tend to look for designs that are already available to be used as a reference so that they can build their design on those lines. What matters is the originality of the reverse-engineered design. It is indeed a challenge that shall be attempted to be presented through this paper. The paper shall introduce certain basic concepts like reverse engineering, originality of designs, customer specific mindset and shall thereafter elaborate certain factors that greatly affect reverse engineering, which include technical, commercial and practical aspects. The output of reverse engineering thus done maintaining originality shall be understood from the viewpoints of technical feasibility, commercial viability and manufacturability from the practical perspective. This paper shall stress upon the challenges that a designer needs to face while carrying out reverse engineering and the balance that needs to be maintained between cost, originality and optimum parameters. In addition to these topics, this paper shall also try to present certain risk and opportunity analyses so that a complete picture of the concept can be drawn. The paper shall conclude with the summary of challenges and the means to mitigate the same so as to ensure that a reverse-engineered product does not happen to be a replica of another design but becomes an optimised design by itself.

Efficient energy conversion devices are the most important need of the hour looking at the global energy scenario. Catering to this need, better and more efficient designs are been put forward regularly. New and better methods of energy conversion are also been proposed. The use of Turbocharger in an engine is an example of the same. But the critical examination and of these devices is of utmost importance. Simulation is a tool that can reduce the efforts that need to be put in physically and can carry out virtual calculations and can respond the results too. There are various pre-programmed software that contain a variety of models that can be employed to study the parametric variation and carry out the simulation. This paper deals with study of three such turbulence models namely the k-epsilon, k-omega and the Shear Stress Transport model. A number of parameters will be considered and simulations will be carried out on all the three models with the view of determining the most suitable model among the three with the ability to provide optimum results for the study of a turbocharger turbine stator optimized for producer gas. The results will be obtained in the form of graphs and contour images which will be studied to determine the most suitable model for further use. Based on the results, suitable conclusion will be drawn and stated towards the end.

In this paper experimental investigation has been carried out on kevlar/glass angle ply hybrid composites to characterize interlaminar shear strength. With the aim of determining the influence that the structure, a reinforcement type and a sort of resin exert upon the interlaminar strength. Hybrid composites are considered materials of great potential for engineering applications. One advantage of hybrid composite materials for the designer is that the properties of a composite can be controlled to a considerable extent by the choice of fibers and matrix and by adjusting the orientation of the fiber. The scope for this tailoring of the properties of the material is much greater, however, when different kinds of fiber orientations are incorporated in the same resin matrix. Three orientations viz 0?/90?, ±45?and 60?/30? were considered for studies. Mechanical properties such as interlaminar strength, interlaminar stiffness, & peak load of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. Vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of hybrid specimens. It was observed that orientation at 0?/90?showed significant increase in ILSS properties as compared to other orientation.