Electrical and Electronics

Nowadays it is of major importance to monitor and collect information about the environment and there are several instances wherein the environs are not conducive to human presence. For underwater pipeline monitoring, detection of enemy submarines, exploration of marine life, search and rescue operations, and surveillance in hazardous environments, it is necessary to develop an unmanned remote controlled vehicle which can do all the required functions. Considering terrains under water and on land, an amphibious robot is best suited for these kinds of activities. The amphibious robot (R-CAR) designed is capable of moving on land as well as on water. It swims with the help of its flaps, rather than using conventional thrusters and control surfaces for propulsion. Through an appropriate set of gaits, this robot is capable of translatory and rotatory motion in the open water. Wheels are attached for movement on land. This robot is controlled by Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) tones produced by a mobile phone which acts as a remote. These tones are then transmitted by a transmitter-encoder module. The receiver-decoder pair placed inside the robot receives and decodes the signal to detect what key the user has pressed. This signal is then received by an on-board microcontroller which is programmed to drive the powerful servo motors by pulse width modulation. The hydro dynamically designed flaps are fastened to the servo motors which provide movement to this robot. All the electronic circuitry is enclosed in streamlined water sealed enclosure. For movement on land, wheels are driven by the DC motors which are programmed by the microcontroller. The robot was found to move satisfactorily on land as well as in water as per the design.

In this paper, a new algorithm for noise suppression schemes is applied to specific practical problem mainly the suppression of Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) level of the modulated signal. This is a practical situation of modulation which is used in different transceivers schemes such as in Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) or other types of modulation techniques with standard microwave systems. The algorithm is well suited for a modular software radio concept, which we believe, will be more accepted in the future of wireless communication. Further modifications of the scheme necessary for these applications are described, and the results are presented to illustrate performance improvements. A general interpretation of this technique based on multiplying the transmitted data vectors by a generated amplitude matrix (AM) in the transmitter side, and the inverse of amplitude matrix (IAM) in the receiver side algorithm are introduced and discussed. The suggested scheme results are compared with the conventional modem through using BPSK type of modulation. Different gains are obtained from the proposed model relevant with the conventional system in AWGN and flat fading channel, according to the variation of the adjusted parameters.

A significant increase of the electrical equipment in modern aircrafts is leading to an increase in the demand for electrical power. The usual electrical power distribution in aircraft applications is done via a three-phase 415 Vac grid. A new trend of DC distribution is emerging employing a 270 Vdc grid. With the advancement in the power semiconductor devices and power transformers, DC-DC converters are designed with frequency ranging up to MHZ range. Increase in the switching frequency along with the sudden change in the current di/dt or voltage dv/dt generates higher order harmonics which leads to Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI). EMI noise creates malfunctioning of the circuit and also leads to miscommunication within the system and sometimes leads to device failure. Which is an undesirable condition as far as airline is considered. Hence the reduction of EMI noise is of uttermost important. This paper focus on the reduction of EMI using passive filter along with modified PWM carrier modulation technique. A circuit model for the prediction of conducted emissions due to DC/DC converters in an aircraft black box system is proposed and corresponding attenuation method is been analyzed.

Collaborative Sensor Fault Detection (CSFD) technique is used to detect the faults in the sensor nodes of a fusion center in a robust distribution estimation scheme. This technique can identify the faulty nodes efficiently and improve the accuracy of the estimates. ASIC implementation is used to design the fusion center based on their applications. In this approach there occurs some limitations such as computational complexity; hardware implementation is quite complex and high power consumption. In order to overcome these difficulties, we modify CSFD and propose an ECSFD scheme. ECSFD is simple and requires lower computational complexity, thus lower hardware cost and power consumption can be achieved. Furthermore, ECSFD achieves almost the same performance as CSFD. VLSI architecture is developed for hardware implementation.

Industrial automation is the use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services. The correct incentive for applying automation is to increase productivity, and/or quality beyond that possible with current human labor levels so as to realize economies of scale, and/or realize predictable quality levels. In the scope of industrialisation, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements while increasing load capacity, speed, and repeatability. Generally PLC Is used for the task of industrial automation, here we introduce new concept in automation is use of “Embedded PLC”for the industrial automation which overcome all the limitation of conventional PLC. For the purpose of automating some task we use neumerous wired or wireless sensors with Embedded PLC. It provide smooth control over the Industrial Systems. After investigated the conception and features of PLC and embedded system, in this paper the development of low-cost embedded PLC for Industrial Controls & Monitoring. This paper describes the real-time industrial automation using Embedded PLC.

The distributed synchronous compensation is a shunt connected FACTS device which supplies reactive power to the load to improve the voltage stability of the load buses. In this system the voltage regulation can be improved by reducing the losses. This work deals with comparison of Push Pull and Voltage Inverter based D-STATCOM for multi bus system. Eight bus system is modeled using the elements of SIMULATION. The models are developed for eight bus system with and without D-STATCOM. The two D- STATCOM systems are compared with respect to total harmonic distortion and reactive power comparison. The D-STATCOM is studied with respect to the voltage stability improvement at the load buses. The results of VSI based D-STATCOM system are compared with those of Push pull inverter based D-STATCOM system.

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) play a major role in controlling the load flow in the power system. In this paper, reactive power control is performed with STATCOM based on the fuzzy controller. The purpose of using the fuzzy controller is to improve the STATCOM performance for continuous and fast reactive power control. The performance of the STATCOM based fuzzy controller in a 14-bus test system with simulation is evaluated by MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, a control component to limit STATCOM's reactive power at level of nominal power is used to prevent damage. The simulation results will show the optimal performance of the fuzzy controller and the limiter.

This paper describes a QRS detector system to be implemented using 0.35µm CMOS technology which is used in biomedical applications. The proposed system uses fuzzy logic controller and several analog circuits for detecting QRS complexes and separating these parts from the rest of ECG signal. Simulation results using HSPICE that verify the functionality of system are presented.

This paper presents a microcontroller based series parallel resonant converter suitable for the single stage single phase power factor correction circuits. The performance of the proposed converter is improved from no-load up to full-load. The steady state characteristics of the proposed converter are developed and a design example is given in detail. The proposed converter allows zero voltage switching at any loading condition with a reasonable power factor and with a promising efficiency. Simulation and experimental results verify the analysis made and the design specifications.

Parameters design and characteristics optimization of a split-phase single-phase induction motor are proposed in this paper using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO considers the motor efficiency as objective function and five performance related items as constraints. The main advantages of the proposed technique are; its simple structure and its straightforward verification of maximum efficiency of induction motor for a given output power. The PSO algorithm was implemented on a test motor and therefore, a code has been provided under MATLAB software. The results show that the PSO method gives more suitable design optimization against conventional methods.