Electrical and Electronics

In recent years, the development of software and hardware technology has enabled the creation of large amount of digital video content. The innovation being done in multimedia streams from last few years necessitates the development of efficient and more effective methodologies for storing information related to video, audio, text etc. Accessing of content based video data requires segmentation of each video stream into its primary blocks. The general objectives are to segment a given video sequence into its constituent shots, and to identify and classify the different shot transitions in the sequence. The video stream consists of a number of shots, each sequence of frames are represented using a single camera. Switching from one frame to another indicates the transition from a shot to the next one. Therefore, the detection of these transitions, known as scene change or shot boundary detection, is the first step in any video-analysis system. A number of proposed techniques for solving the problem of shot boundary detection exist, but the major challenges to them is Detection of gradual transition and the elimination of disturbances caused by illumination change or fast object and camera motion . The reliability of the scene change detection stage is a very significant requirement because it is the initial stage in any video retrieval system. Thus, its performance has a direct impact on the performance of all other stages. On the other hand, efficiency is also crucial due to the voluminous amounts of information found in video streams. In my research paper, a new robust and efficient algorithm capable of detecting transitions in AVI videos is developed.

In this paper, we have formulated a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease in a certain community. The model allows for the individuals to move from the exposed phase to the infected phase. The model exhibits two equilibria, namely, the disease free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. The stability of these two equilibria points is controlled by the basic reproductive number R0 which was determined using the next generation matrix approach. Using the eigenvalue elasticity analysis, it was found that the parameter denoted by ? (transmission coefficient) has the greatest impact on the formulated mathematical model which must be put into consideration by the health care policy makers in order to reduce or eradicate the spread of the infectious disease in the community.

Today the world is moving faster. In this there is no time to serve the loving disabled in their family. Even though any care taker stays with them to help, they could not serve them heartily, especially during eating. During eating everyone will take their own time to chew the food. Someone might chew it faster and someone may consume more time. The care taker cannot serve them by spending their time with them. For providing freedom of eating to the disabled, a feeding system is designed for them. This research paper deals with the proposal to facilitate the feeding problem for physically challenged person. The “Automatic Food Feeder” has a conveyor belt with attached spoon to take the food from the parabolic bowl. It is in turn connected to an AC servo motor controlled by ATMEGA32 microcontroller. The user gives the instruction through the microcontroller and the servo motor rotates at a particular angle which is preset and hence the spoon takes the food from the bowl and comes to a position perpendicular to the user, so that the user can have their food at ease. This system gives freedom of eating to the disabled. Indeed this system will help the physically challenged person to rely on themselves instead of depending on others. Moreover the physically challenged can have food with their family members in dining table as like normal person.

The optimal design of transmission system expansion planning is an important part of the overall planning task of electric power system. One of main keys of the successful grid expansion planning comes from optimal reliability level/criteria decision, which should be given for constraint in the optimal expansion problem. However, it’s very difficult to decide logically the optimal reliability criteria of a transmission system as well as generation system expansion planning in a society. The technique proposed in this paper is a “novel but classic” technique. We classify the transmission planning into three dimensions including Line Loading Index (LI), Voltage Profile Index (PI), and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) Index with detailed definitions. Transmission Expansion Index (TEI) is the main focus of this paper and can be used as an important criterion for decision making and transmission planning in the planning horizon. The 6 bus system case study results demonstrate that the proposed method is practical for solving the power system expansion planning problem.

Image inpainting is the science of filling in the missing or damaged area of an image from the enclosing area’s information. Its purpose is to recover images with limited data loss and tries to obtain inpainting outputs of damaged parts in such a way that the recovered images look usual. In our proposed method we will divide the damaged portion of image in the form of reference pixel according to their dissipating property. Then by applying image inpainting we have obtained an image whose visuable quality is identical to cover image.

This paper presents optimal cross section selection of MV feeders in radial power distribution system planning to reduce power loss and improve voltage profile using genetic algorithm. To analysis the steady state of network in each step of optimization, a direct approach load flow which is both robust and efficient and has high convergence speed is used. In this paper, feeder cross section selection will be performed considering the economic, power loss, and energy loss factors so that, constraints like maximum current capacity of feeders and allowed voltage drop of nodes are satisfied. The obtained result of feeder cross section selection problem will be close to absolute optimum point because of using genetic algorithm as an optimization tool. The proposed method is implemented on MATLAB software environment and through numerical example the validity of proposed method is verified.

Water supply payment system is old fashioned has many problem and need improvement. In this paper a new approach was designed that is based on pay method where you buy amount of water in advance. Water companies have difficulties in accessing conventional water meters in remote places. Inefficiency is increased with growing number of population .It has high cost and difficulties in delivering water bills. This paper discusses a pre-paid SMS based water dispensing system that solves these problems by allowing the amount of flow of water pre-paid to pass through based on low cost intelligent control system that uses microcontroller, solenoid valve, turbine flow meter and GSM server. This system accurately controls the amount of water paid for in advance without human intervention or need for conventional water meters by turning solenoid valve on and allowing certain amount of water to pass through the flow meter until credit expires shutting the solenoid valve. The software application provides real time information about the credit left and quantity of water consumed both locally on LCD and remotely by SMS server as well as date and time and validity of credit if applicable.

This paper presents a microcontroller based series parallel resonant converter suitable for the single stage single phase power factor correction circuits. The performance of the proposed converter is improved from no-load up to full-load. The steady state characteristics of the proposed converter are developed and a design example is given in detail. The proposed converter allows zero voltage switching at any loading condition with a reasonable power factor and with a promising efficiency. Simulation and experimental results verify the analysis made and the design specifications.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a new algorithm for distribution system planning. The proposed algorithm does not require prior knowledge of candidate substation location and can obtain the “number, location and service area” of HV/MV substations, the optimal feeder configuration and the optimal sizes of branch conductors while satisfying constraints such as current capacity, voltage drop and heuristic rules. Several algorithms are proposed for distribution systems planning. A comprehensive algorithm is developed for obtaining the optimal “number, location and service area” of substation using GA and a generalized algorithm is modified to optimal feeder path on minimum loss criterion. Direct approach load flow is used for solving radial distribution networks and branch conductor optimization algorithm. The load flow algorithm and branch conductor optimization techniques are used as subroutine in the generalized distribution systems planning algorithm. Through numerical example the validity of proposed method is verified.

The high growth of the semiconductor industry over the past two decades has put Very Large Scale Integration in demand all over the world. Digital Signal Processing has played a great role in expanding VLSI device area. The recent rapid advancements in multimedia computing and high speed wired and wireless communications made DSP to grab increased attention.For an N-point transformation the direct computation of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) requires N2 operations. Cooley and Turkey explained the concept of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) which reduces the order of computation to Nlog¬2N. The FFT is not an approximation of the DFT, it's exactly equal to the DFT. FFT decomposes the set of data to be transformed into a series of smaller data sets to be transformed. The size of FFT decomposition is called "radix". Then, it decomposes those smaller sets into even smaller sets. At each stage of processing, the results of the previous stage are combined with twiddle factor multiplication. Finally, FFT is calculated for each small data set. Generally, FFT's can be decomposed using DFT's of even and odd points, which is called a Decimation-In-Time (DIT) FFT, or they can be decomposed using a first-half/second-half approach, which is called a "Decimation-In-Frequency" (DIF) FFT.A large number of FFT algorithms have been developed, but among all radix-4 are most widely used for practical applications due to their simple architecture, with constant butterfly geometry and the possibility of performing them ‘in place’. The algorithm for 16-point radix-4 FFT can be implemented with decimation either in time or frequency. In this work, the decimation in time (DIT) technique will be adopted in order to implement the 16-point radix-4 FFT.