Electrical and Electronics

Several compression for 3-D medical images have been proposed in the past year, some of which proved resolution and quality scalability up to lossless reconstruction. A novel 3-D scalable compression method for medical images with optimized volume of interest (VOI) coding were presented in this paper. The method is presented within the framework of interactive telemedicine applications, where different remote clients may access the compressed 3-D medical imaging data stored on a central server and request the transmission of different VOIs from an initial lossy to a final lossless representation. The VOI are decoded at the highest quality possible at any bit-rate, while allowing for the decoding of background information. The objective and subjective quality evaluation on various medical volumetric datasets shows that the proposed algorithms provide competitive lossy to lossless compression. The modified version of the embedded block coder with optimized truncation (modified EBCOT), tailored according to the characteristics of the data, encodes the residual data generated after prediction to provide resolution and quality scalability. The Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal which may be used to verify its authenticity or the identity of its owners, in the same manner as paper bearing a watermark for visible identification. Performance evaluations based on real 3-D medical imaging data showed that the proposed method achieves a higher reconstruction quality, in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio, than that achieved by 3D-JPEG2000 with VOI coding, when using the MAXSHIFT and general scaling-based methods.

In this work the speech disorder namely Dysarthria is discussed. The basics of the disorder are described here. The speech parameters are identified which characterize the disorder and correction system is designed to improve the speech quality. The speech signal samples of people of age between five to eighty years are considered for the present study. These speech signals are digitized and enhanced and analyzed for the Speech Pause Index, Jitter, Shimmer, HNR, Pitch variations Tx graphs, Normalized Percentile fo characteristics and % Close Quotient EGG graphs using MATLAB, PRAAT, SFS and EXCEL platforms.

Generating expansion planning is one of the most significant parts in grid expansion planning. The generating expansion planning extends from 10 to 30 years. Among the electrical storage systems we can refer to super conductive storage system, batteries, dense-air storage system, dense-air storage system inherent in pipes, and pumped-storage power plans. This study shed some light on storage system used in pumped storage power plants. Reliability is one of the most important constraints in power stations. In generating expansion planning, the Loss of Load Probability index is one of the most vigorous indices for reliability system. WASP program is one of the most powerful instruments for generation expansion planning. In this paper is not utilize WASP-IV and proposed algorithm using MATLAB program for Iranian power grid with and without pumped storage power plants within a time period of 10 years (2020- 2020); then the results have been compared.

In the present study, the objective was to study the synthesis and analyses the zinc sulphide nanoparticles from Phyllanthus Emblica leaf extract. The study revealed that the plant extract possessed significant phytochemicals. The nanoparticles were synthesized using the leaf extract and analyzed using UV, FTIR, SEM and XRD. Different functional groups were found to be present indicating the presence of diverse compounds in the extract. The zinc sulphide nanoparticles also possessed potent antimicrobial activity against many pathogenic organisms.

Design and analysis of model reference adaptive control systems based on Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) rule and Lyapunov rule are applied to a bioreactor first order process. The system is simulated using Matlab simulink and it is investigated for various values of adaptation gain of the process. Performance of the adaptive controller is compared with the PI&PID controller (using Chien–Hrones–Reswick (CHR) rule) for a step input.

In the present study, the objective was the ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by chemical co-precipitation method and analysis Antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens is demonstrated, and the characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles are investigated by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).

The concept of Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has been successfully used as a diagnostic technique to detect winding deformation, core and clamping structure for power transformers. The main problem about FRA techniques is to interpret the observed evolution of the frequency response in order to identify failures. Transformer high frequency computer modeling is proposed in this work to be used with the practical FRA measurements. The physical meaning of the model parameters allows the identification of the problem inside the transformer. Two high frequency transformer models based on lumped and distributed parameters approaches are investigated. A comparison of both models is conducted using their transfer function plots, and hence based on the amount of information revealed from the plots, a distributed model is chosen for further analysis. The model validation is carried out through the comparison of the simulation and field results. Mechanical and short circuit faults are simulated into the model to compare the differences in the frequency response of healthy and deformed transformer signatures. The advantage of this technique is that the FRA measurements can be obtained from meaningful parameters that can aid interpretation and classification of FRA signatures.

The transfer reactive power from production source to consumption areas during steady-state operating conditions is a major problem of voltage stability. Hence voltage stability enhancement margin is interrelated with Reactive power loss (RPL). In practical, the power system network has 80-90% inductive loads. When the loads are increased, the line currents are increased, reflecting to the increase in Reactive power loss. This will leads to voltage instability that means the power system gets closer to the instability point. Reactive power can be dispatched effectively to maintain acceptable voltage levels. Maintaining viable voltage levels are very important to avoid voltage collapse. The optimal allocation of a VAR compensator is implemented using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These two algorithms are implemented considering its less memory requirement and inherent simplicity. Simulation is carried out by using MATLAB Software for IEEE 14 bus system and the results are presented and analysed.

In this paper, a modified distributive arithmetic algorithm is designed and implemented on FPGA for OFDM system. In order to reduce the number of storage elements required to store the partial products, input register is split into two sections. Bottom section of register is used to access the partial products and the top section of input register is used as select line of multiplexer structure. The addition of partial products is executed in parallel to reduce the latency of the DWT/IDWT computation. The modified DA algorithm is modeled using HDL and is implemented on Spartan 3E devices. The design operates at 60 MHz and consumes power less than 0.036 W and is thus suitable for low power applications. The developed DWT/IDWT model can be integrated with QAM modulator and form a OFDM system used for power line applications.

Now a day we are facing drinking water problems in our life. In course of time we will more struggle of this problem due to shortage of the drinking water, since water is more essential for every family or every human to live, in parallel ground water level is going down gradually. In this paper we have designed and implemented an embedded system based water distribution rationally for homes using RFID Technology, which can be organized in streets and required places. In this system only authorized members can obtain the required water for homes. This system consists of various devices like, microcontroller, keyboard, LCD, RFID reader and stepper motor. The RFID reads the id number from passive tag and sends to the microcontroller, if the id number is valid then microcontroller request to the authorized person’s password. After verifying the password the microcontroller request to enter the required water quantity (eg.50 liters per day), then the controller sends the control signals to open the gate vole by stepper. This system is more constructive to protect the wastage of waters and man power is reduced. Here the water filling of main tank, based on bore well water level is automated.